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Results for “INTESTINAL DISEASES”

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At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Measurement of bile acid half-life using [75Se]HCAT in health and intestinal diseases. Comparison with [75Se]HCAT abdominal retention methods.

The diagnostic values in detecting terminal ileum dysfunction using [75Se]HCAT have been assessed for two different scintigraphic techniques in 58 subjects. The measurement of [75Se]HCAT T1/2 in the enterohepatic circulation by daily gallbladder scintigraphy showed 78% sensitivity, 96% specificity, 96% positive predictive value, and 78% negative predictive value at the optimal cutoff level of 2.0 days; lower--but not significantly different--figures were observed for [75Se]HCAT total abdominal retention four and seven days after isotope administration, at the optimal cutoff levels of 40% and 22%, respectively. [75Se]HCAT T1/2 was then evaluated in 60 patients with various intestinal diseases. Sixty-nine percent (9/13) of patients with diarrhea of obscure origin showed abnormal [75Se]HCAT T1/2. Bile acid malabsorption using [75Se]HCAT can be investigated by the noninvasive measurement of its enterohepatic T1/2 and may play a pathogenetic role in patients with diarrhea of obscure origin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Double-balloon endoscopy for the diagnosis and treatment of small intestinal disease.

Evaluation of the small bowel has long been hampered because of its long and multiple complex loop configurations. Yamamoto et al have developed a new method of inserting an endoscope, known as the double-balloon method of enteroscopy, the Fujinon double-balloon endoscopy system being specialised for this application. Two types of endoscope are currently available for this technique. The EN-450 P5 is a thin endoscope for regular use, whereas the EN-450 T5 is a therapeutic double-balloon endoscope with a larger accessory channel of 2.8mm in diameter. Double-balloon endoscopy enables visualisation of the entire small bowel and also allows for interventional therapy in the small intestine. This method can be used either from an oral or an anal insertion. Observation of an affected area with controlled movement of the endoscope enables interventions, including biopsies, haemostasis, balloon dilatation, stent placement, polypectomy and endoscopic mucosal resection, to be performed. In our large study series, it was demonstrated that double-balloon endoscopy permitted exploration of the small intestine with the high success rate of total enteroscopy. The procedure is safe and useful, and it provides high diagnostic yields and therapeutic capabilities.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1999

Characterization of intestinal disease associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection and response to antiretroviral therapy.

Combination antiretroviral therapies suppress human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in peripheral blood, but the effect in gastrointestinal mucosa is uncertain. The occurrence of pathogen-negative diarrhea led to speculation that local HIV infection is etiologic. Mucosal cellular reservoirs for HIV were documented by use of several techniques. Correlations were found among gastrointestinal symptoms, histopathologic findings, cytokine expression, lymphoid apoptosis, and HIV RNA and protein expression in rectal mucosa. Disproportionate depletion of mucosal CD4+ lymphocytes also was found. The short-term effects of antiretroviral therapies were examined to test the hypothesis that these changes are directly related to mucosal HIV infection. Therapy was associated with decreased symptoms, with comparable drops in peripheral blood and mucosal HIV RNA contents, and by increases in blood and mucosal CD4+ lymphocyte contents. In addition, the number of apoptotic cells also declined during therapy. These results suggest that HIV plays a direct role in producing intestinal dysfunction.

Anti-HIV Agents↗
PubMed1976

[Etiologic role of klebsiella in children with acute intestinal diseases].

A study was made of possible etiological association between klebsiellae and acute enteric diseases in children of creches age. The mean frequency of isolation of klebsiellae from these children constituted 22.3%, and from somatic patients - 38.5%. Both in the patients with enteric diseases and in somatic patients with intestinal disturbances the appearance of klebsiellae was preceded by oher diseases or by prolonged treatment with antibiotics leading to reduction of general resistance of the organism. Clinical manifestations were unitypical in the patients of both categories. In healthy children the incidence of klebsiellae was less (4.7%) and without any clinical manifestations. I is suggested that there is an etiological association between klebsiellae and acute enteric diseases under definite conditons.

Feces↗
PubMed1983

[Clinical and animal experiment studies on the pathogenetic significance of small intestine diseases and resections for urolithiasis].

The authors report on metabolic studies on growing domestic pigs with resected ilea on a diet supplemented with oxalic acid and calcium. The content of calcium, magnesium and phosphate in the kidneys and ribs was determined and their excretion in urine was measured. The supplement of oxalic acid in the diet mainly affects the calcium content of the kidneys. It is also likely that oxalic acid inhibits the accumulation of calcium in the skeleton. Hyperoxaluria and hyperphosphaturia were established, whereas significantly less calcium and magnesium were excreted. The results of these animal experiments confirm previous clinical findings.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Characteristics of Escherichia serogroup O132:K isolated in intestinal diseases in monkeys].

The results obtained in the study of the main biological characteristics of 22 Escherichia strains, serogroup O132: K ., isolated from monkeys in the Sukhumi reserve are presented. For the first time Escherichia belonging to serovar O132: K .: H- have been detected; these organisms, in contrast to reference strain O132: K .: H28, possess a number of Shigella-like characteristics and are capable of intraepithelial parasitism in Shereny's test, which impedes their primary identification. The isolation of the above-mentioned cultures from live and dead monkeys with the clinical and pathologic diagnosis of catarrhal enteritis, colitis, enterocolitis, ulcerous colitis with unknown etiology, dysentery, from monkeys having had contacts with sick monkeys at the focus of clinical dysentery and in the process of prophylactic examination, as well as the pathogenicity of these strains for guinea pigs, as determined in Shigella-induced keratoconjunctivitis used as model infection, have allowed the authors to consider Escherichia, serovar O132: K .: H-, to be the etiological factor of E. coli infection in monkeys and to regard them as enteropathogenic. In this connection further research is necessary to find out the role of these microorganisms in the etiology of intestinal infections in animals; for this reason it is expedient to produce diagnostic agglutinating serum on an industrial scale.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Continuous intragastric infusion of elemental diet: experiences with 10 infants having small-intestinal diseases.

Five infants with gastrointestinal disease requiring neonatal surgery and two infants with nonsurgical disorders were nourished successfully using a constant intragastric infusion of an elemental diet. Two additional patients who developed persistent distension and gastric retention on IED had mechanical obstruction requiring surgery and another died of NEC during treatment. Use of IED avoided the risks of TPN and was followed by successful introduction of standard feeding techniques. IED provides a valuable alternative to TPN in selected infants and newborns. Caution with any enteral feeding method is required in infants at risk for NEC.

Dietary Carbohydrates↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Colonoscopy as a diagnostic and therapeutic method in large intestine diseases. Results of 1715 exams].

Widespread use of colonoscopy in clinical practice results from the continuous progress of the techniques developed for exam completion and from the therapeutic perspective for several colorectal conditions. This paper analyses in a retrospective basis the results associated to the employment of fibrocolonoscopy between 1984 and 1995 at Discipline of Coloproctology from the University of São Paulo School of Medicine. For this period, 1,715 exams were realized. More than 50% of the patients were between the 50th and 70th decade. Habit change of hemorrhage were indications for the exam in more than 35%. Inflammatory bowel disease and cancer follow-up were indications, respectively, in 18% and 16%. "Express mannitol" bowel prep resulted satisfactory in more than 97% but precluded complete exam for seven (0.4%) patients. In 42.5%, colonoscopic examination was normal. Polyps were found in 248 (14.5%) patients for whom 376 polypectomy procedures were done successfully. Endoscopists could not reach the cecum in 68 (3.9%) patients. Incidence of hemorrhage and perforation was nill for this series. Authors conclude that fibrocolonoscopy remains as a safe and efficient method for the diagnosis and treatment (polypectomy) of common colorectal conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Cytokine mRNA expression pattern in horses with large intestinal disease.

The aim of this study was to investigate cytokine expression patterns in the large intestinal mucosa of horses, particularly in diseases associated with inflammation. Many cases of equine colitis remain without a definitive diagnosis and survival rates are poor. In humans, colitis is associated with increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. To examine if similar responses occur in horses, we investigated il -2, il -4, il -5, il -10, tnfalpha, ifngamma and tgfbeta messenger rna expression in large intestinal mucosa. Samples were obtained from animals with large intestinal disease (n=15) or from horses which had different levels of cyathostomin infection (n=9) and analysed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. il -2 was detected at all sites, whilst il -4 was detected at all but one site. The presence of il -10, il -5, ifngamma and tgfbeta varied with no significant differences amongst groups (P>0.4). Detection of tnfalpha was significantly different between the group of horses that had infiltrative inflammatory bowel disease and those with larval cyathostominosis (P=0.028) and those that were helminth negative (P=0.014). These results indicate a possible role for tnfalpha in the pathogenesis of equine infiltrative inflammatory bowel disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Gallstones: an intestinal disease?

Current evidence suggests that impaired intestinal motility may facilitate gallstone formation by influencing biliary deoxycholate levels or by modulating interdigestive gall bladder motility (fig 2), although a primary intestinal defect in gallstone pathogenesis has not yet been demonstrated. In the cold war period, most interesting events, from a political point of view, occurred at the border between capitalist and communist systems, near the iron curtain. Similarly, the gall bladder and biliary tract can be viewed as the border between liver and intestinal tract, where many interesting things occur with profound impact on both systems. Combined efforts by researchers in the field of hepatology and gastrointestinal motility should brake down the Berlin wall of ignorance of one of the most common diseases in the Western world.

Animals↗