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PubMedDate not supplied

Genetic factors in outcome after traumatic brain injury: what the human genome project can teach us about brain trauma.

It is becoming increasingly clear that genetic factors modify outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI). The best known example of this is the association between the apolipoprotein E4 allele (APOE epsilon4) and poorer outcomes. However, our knowledge of the many other genes that might influence outcome is still in its infancy. This article will review the basic principles underlying recent advances in genetics, and then describe the current state of knowledge regarding the impact of genetic factors on TBI outcome. We conclude that although genetic advances have implications for prognosis, their biggest contribution will be to elucidate the pathophysiology of TBI, potentially leading to new treatments.

Alleles↗
PubMed1996

The most personal information of all: an appraisal of genetic privacy in the shadow of the Human Genome Project.

The advent of genetics and genetic testing has given rise to unique problems for the family. The discovery of a predisposition to a genetic condition in one individual also reveals information about the genetic make-up and potential risks of family members. There is, therefore, potential for conflict over access to and control of such information. Traditionally the duty of confidentiality owed by a health care professional to a patient has provided an appropriate means by which personal health information has been kept secured. It is not clear, however, that the problems which surrounds genetic information in the familial milieu can be adequately dealt with using confidentiality. This article examines these problems and argues for the value of an appeal to the concept of privacy in seeking to resolve some of the more intractable issues.

Choice Behavior↗
PubMed2006

Genetic databases and pharmacogenetics: introduction.

Since the inception of the Human Genome Project, human genetics has frequently been conducted through big science projects, combining academic, state and industrial methods, interests and resources. The legitimacy of such projects has been linked to national prestige and images of the nation, the purity of scientific endeavour, the entrepreneurial spirit, medical progress and the public health. A key complication in these discourses is that large-scale genetic research has yet to show major results when considered in terms of the objectives used to legitimate investment and social support for these projects. The main area showing promise at present is the developing field of pharmacogenetics, which is now attracting major industry and government investment. Sociological, ethical and philosophical study of human genetic sample-based research and pharmacogenetics has developed in parallel with inquiry in the biological and biomedical sciences. This paper introduces a symposium on the ethical and social aspects of this field of biomedical research.

Databases, Genetic↗
PubMed1998

Genetic services in the new era: Native American perspectives.

American Indians have arrived at a critical point in their more than 500-year history with the United States Government. With the advent of the new bio-revolution, a number of tribes have voiced vehement opposition to genetic patenting, creation of cell lines, transgenic experimentation and cloning. While many are opposed to the Human Genome Diversity Project, Human Genome Project and diversity research currently being conducted by the Indian Health Service, a few embrace the beneficial aspects of biomedical/biogenetic research. Moreover, an increasing number of Indians see the need for and are seeking genetic counseling and other services. This paper briefly describes some of the issues associated with developing and implementing effective genetic services within Native American communities. Problems of access, perception of services, previous experience with genetics and cultural and other barriers are discussed. Recommendations also are rendered to assist health professionals in the development of services.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

The Human Genome Diversity Project: past, present and future.

The Human Genome Project, in accomplishing its goal of sequencing one human genome, heralded a new era of research, a component of which is the systematic study of human genetic variation. Despite delays, the Human Genome Diversity Project has started to make progress in understanding the patterns of this variation and its causes, and also promises to provide important information for biomedical studies.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed1992

The Mouse Genome Project and human genetics. A report from the 5th International Mouse Genome Mapping Workshop, Lunteren, Holland.

Genome-wide mapping efforts are moving toward the establishment of a 1-cM genetic map of the entire mouse genome. The bulk of linkage groups conserved between the mouse and the human genomes has been identified. Microsatellite mapping has had a major impact on the development of genome-wide genetic maps and, in particular, on genome-wide searches for polygenic disease loci. Some substantial regions of the mouse genome have a marker density of 1 cM or less and many of these regions are now physically mapped. Embryonic YAC contigs have been established in some physically mapped regions. A unitary, global mouse mapping database--the Mouse Genome Database--is under development along with associated software tools. Chromosome committees are having a major impact on the establishment and verification of chromosome maps through the preparation of published annual reports.

Animals↗