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Results for “HEART VALVE DISEASES”

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At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Diagnosing aortic valve stenosis by parameter extraction of heart sound signals.

The objective of this study was to develop an automatic signal analysis system for heart sound diagnosis. This should support the general practitioner in discovering aortic valve stenoses at an early stage to avoid or decrease the number of surgical interventions. The applied analysis method is based on classification of heart sound signals utilising parameter extraction. From the wavelet decomposition of a representative heart cycle as well as from the Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT) and the Wavelet Transform (WT) spectra new time series were derived. In several segments, parameters were extracted and analysed. In addition, features of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) of the raw signal were examined. In this study, 206 patients were enrolled, 159 with no heart valve disease or any other heart valve disease but aortic valve stenosis and 47 suffering from aortic valve stenosis in a mild, moderate or severe stage. To separate the groups, a linear discriminant function analysis was applied leading to a reduced parameter set. The introduced two classification stage (CS) system for automatic detection of aortic valve stenoses achieves a high sensitivity of 100% for moderate and severe aortic valve stenosis and a sensitivity of 75% for mild aortic valve stenosis. A specificity of 93.7% for patients without aortic valve stenosis is provided. The developed method is robust, cost effective and easy to use, and could, therefore, be a suitable method to diagnose aortic valve stenosis by general practitioners.

Aortic Valve Stenosis↗
PubMed2002

Giant cell arteritis confined to intramural coronary arteries. Unforeseen hazards myocardial protection.

A 74-year-old woman underwent elective double valve replacement (aortic and mitral) for rheumatic valvular disease. She failed to wean from cardiopulmonary bypass due to marked left ventricular dysfunction. At autopsy, severe giant cell arteritis confined to the intramural coronary arteries was seen. Furthermore, there were multiple areas of recent microscopic myocardial infarction around the intramural coronary arteries. This report describes a rare case of giant cell arteritis confined to intramural coronary arteries which lead to inadequate myocardial protection at the time of surgery.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

[Carcinoid heart disease].

Carcinoid cardiac disease is a common complication of metastatic carcinoid tumours. It is characterized by tricuspid regurgitation and pulmonary stenosis. A 68 years old woman with a metastatic carcinoid tumour was admitted to hospital for congestive cardiac failure secondary to severe tricuspid regurgitation. Typical carcinoid lesions of the tricuspid and pulmonary valves were observed at echocardiography. A double valve replacement was performed with a favourable outcome. Postoperative echocardiography showed a significant improvement in right ventricular function. Surgical management of carcinoid valvular heart disease of NYHA Stage III patients is associated with an improved 2 years survival (from 8 to 40%) despite a high operative mortality (about 27%). Cardiac surgery remains the only hope of long-term survival with a spectacular improvement in symptoms.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Haemodynamic responses to induction of anaesthesia using midazolam in cardiac surgical patients.

The cardiovascular effects of midazolam 0.2 mg kg-1 i.v. were studied during the induction of anaesthesia in 16 premedicated patients subjected to cardiac surgery. In eight patients with coronary artery disease in whom global resting left ventricular function was normal the haemodynamic changes were small and observations on arterial pressure, cardiac index, stroke index, cardiac filling pressures, systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance appeared to parallel those accompanying deep sleep in healthy volunteers. In eight patients with valvular heart disease and haemodynamic evidence of moderately impaired cardiac performance, pump function during induction with midazolam was maintained, probably as a result of the tendency towards a decrease in systemic vascular resistance. Midazolam appears to be a valuable alternative to conventional induction agents without adverse effects on the cardiovascular system.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Current problems in valvular surgery].

Based upon our experiences of 661 valvular operations for these 10 years, we discussed about three major topics in valvular surgery. The first is the current status of valve repair versus replacement. The second is on the changing aspects of patients undergoing valvular surgery. Finally difficult problems in the treatment of infective endocarditis was discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Clinical impact of echo-Doppler in the management of heart disease.

The management of patients with cardiovascular disease requires a comprehensive evaluation of both morphological and pathophysiological abnormalities associated with the disease process. To this end, a diagnostic technique that is noninvasive, painless, biologically safe, readily repeatable, economical and highly accurate would be ideal. The echo-Doppler modality satisfies these criteria and in so doing has emerged the diagnostic procedure of choice in many instances. While echocardiography supplies detailed anatomical information on cardiovascular structures, the Doppler mode define the associated haemodynamic profiles. Used in complement, they provide a complete pathophysiological picture in the majority of congenital and acquired cardiac diseases, aiding both diagnostic and therapeutic management decisions.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Experience with the Sarns centrifugal pump as a ventricular assist device.

The authors used the Sarns centrifugal pump (Sarns 3M, Ann Arbor, MI) as a ventricular assist device (VAD) in 30 patients between May 1985 and February 1990. Sixteen patients were unweanable from cardiopulmonary bypass at the time of surgery; nine were patients who developed cardiogenic shock postoperatively in the intensive care unit. One was a donor organ failure; one had a failed PTCA; and one an acute myocardial infarction with cardiogenic shock preoperatively. Two patients were bridged to cardiac transplantation. Of the 28 nontransplant candidates, 20 (71.4%) were weaned successfully, 14 (50%) were discharged from the hospital, and 13 (46%) are alive from 1 to 46 months postoperatively (mean, 21.1 months). Three patients received right ventricular support alone; all three were weaned, and two (66.7%) were discharged. Ten patients received left ventricular assistance alone. Six (60%) were weaned, and four (40%) were discharged. Two patients received left ventricular support initially but were taken back for right VAD insertion because of right-sided heart failure; one (50%) is alive. Fifteen patients received biventricular support. Eleven (77.3%) were weaned, and eight (53.3%) were discharged. Patient ages ranged from 19 to 73 years, with a mean age for men of 59 years and 50.5 years for women. There were no thromboembolic events. Various clinical parameters were evaluated to determine effect on weanability and survival. These results show survival equivalent to any other VAD at this time. The centrifugal pump is a convenient and effective means of maintaining ventricular support in individuals who are believed to have salvageable myocardium.

Cardiopulmonary Bypass↗
PubMed1989

[Comparative study of hemolysis in patients after implantation of Soviet-made artificial heart valves and spherical and angle-opening disc closing devices].

Intravascular hemolytic parameters were studied in 40 patients after implantation of Soviet-made cardiac values with a ball versus angle-opening disc closing device. It was found that with the angle-opening disc closing cardiac valves "LIKS" and "EMIKS", hemolysis developed considerably more infrequently and was less marked than with ball valves. A significant difference was found between the activity of lactate dehydrogenase and the levels of haptoglobin in the compared groups of patients (p less than 0.05).

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Congestive heart insufficiency. Evaluation using isotopic methods].

Radioisotopic cardiac studies became, on the last decade, one of the more useful non-invasive methods for the diagnostic evaluation and follow-up of patients with heart disease. Such a contribution of nuclear cardiology is specially noticeable on ischemic heart disease: radionuclide angiography (RNA) allows quantification of left and right ventricular dysfunction, and therefore stands as an ideal technique for the prognostic approach of congestive heart failure. As to diagnosis, RNA is useful in the analysis of regional wall motion abnormalities of ischemic heart disease and detection of ventricular aneurysms. Clinical examples are given of these specific situations. In dilated cardiomyopathies RNA gives not only a measure of ventricular dysfunction, but also a diagnostic information, often definitive, of the diffuse involvement of all left ventricle, and commonly of the right ventricle. Ischemic heart disease, on the other hand, displays different degrees of segmental wall motion impairment together with areas of normal contractility. These aspects are documented with cases of our Registry. Also discussed is the inotropic stimulation technique for the evaluation of the functional reserve of left ventricle in patients with severe rest L.V. dysfunction. Focus is given to the clinical value of isotopic studies for the quantification of valvular regurgitations and pre-operative serial studies in order to define an optimum surgical timing. An attempt is done to grade the practical importance of the different exams of Nuclear Cardiology on the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation on heart disease patients, with a cost benefit relation perspective and comparing with other methods, classic of recent ones, available for the management of patients with heart failure.

Cardiomyopathy, Dilated↗
PubMed1989

[A ten years' experience with 613 mitral valve replacements].

This study was performed to assess the effect of factors on early and late mortality of isolated MVR in 613 patients. The tilting disc valve was used in 480 and the porcine xenograft bioprosthesis in 133 patients between Sep. 1978 and Nov. 1987. The overall early mortality rate was 4.89%. A comparative analysis showed that five factors (emergency operation, biventricular hypertrophy with serain, pulmonary hypertension, function class IV, and reoperation) significantly increased the early mortality rates (P less than 0.01). A 10-year follow-up study showed that the late mortality rate was significantly higher in patients with mitral insufficiency, function class IV and left ventricular hypertrophy with strain (P less than 0.01). The authors emphasize that the MVR must be performed early before the factors affecting the operative outcome are fully developed. Successive treatment with digitalis and/or diuretics should be continued in early postoperative period for 6-12 months to improve the cardiac function. Owing to the well-known durability of the bioprosthesis the authors prefer the use of mechanical valve.

Adolescent↗