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At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Strengthening the supply of routinely recommended vaccines in the United States: a perspective from the American Medical Association.

Influenza virus vaccine shortages and delays in distribution require continued collaborative efforts by all stakeholders to ensure that Healthy People 2010 goals are met. Problems with supplies of other vaccines jeopardize at-risk populations. The American Medical Association recommends that the US Department of Health and Human Services establish a task force to explore the causes of vaccine shortages and maldistribution. The task force should commission an appropriate body of experts to identify solutions for breakdowns in vaccine manufacturing and distribution systems. Potential areas for improvement include earlier notification of shortages to the US Food and Drug Administration, improved communication to physicians, financial incentives to market medically necessary but unprofitable products, and a national stockpile of certain vaccines. The American Medical Association believes that the strategies proposed by the National Vaccine Program Office (i.e., increasing financial incentives, streamlining the regulatory process, establishing government-directed programs, creating and maintaining vaccine stockpiles, and increasing liability protection) could improve vaccine availability; however, increasing vaccine stockpiles is the most promising strategy.

American Medical Association↗
PubMed2004

British Columbia Provincial Eating Disorders Program: an organizational description.

The British Columbia Provincial Eating Disorders Program (BCEDP) is a small government funded body that communicates eating disorder treatment needs to the government, helps communication between primary, secondary, and tertiary care givers, gives treatment advice and teaching to primary and secondary care givers, and assists the Provincial Eating Disorders Resource Centre in decision making and communication with government. The program deals with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, but not obesity, for budgetary reasons.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Inpatient-outpatient cost shifting in Washington hospitals.

This paper empirically investigates the phenomenon known as "cost shifting" across inpatient and outpatient hospital services. That is, we examine whether, when faced with lower government reimbursement for outpatient services, providers raise inpatient prices for non-government patients (and analogously for lower inpatient government reimbursement). Using a panel of hospitals from Washington State, we find that private, nonprofit hospitals do cost shift across types of services. We also find that a firm's cost shifting behavior differs based on the type government insurance program (i.e., Medicare versus Medicaid). Government owned hospitals do not cost shift with respect to any type of government insurance plan.

Cost Allocation↗
PubMed2004

Drug treatment, health, and social service utilization by substance abusing women from a community-based sample.

BACKGROUND: Substance abuse is an escalating problem among poor urban Latina women; little is known about their access to drug treatment and to needed social and health services. OBJECTIVE: Our objectives were to (1) examine the need and use of substance abuse treatment, health services, government entitlement programs, and social service programs among cocaine and heroin using Puerto Rican women and (2) identify whether service use predicts their prospective entry into drug treatment. RESEARCH DESIGN: This was a 3-wave longitudinal study of community substance abusing women evaluated on substance abuse and dependence using diagnostic measures, and hair and urine toxicological screens. Information was collected on self-reported need and receipt of substance abuse treatment, social services, general health services, and government entitlement programs. SUBJECTS: A community sample of cocaine-, crack-, and/or heroin-using women from copping areas in low-income urban centers of Puerto Rico were interviewed in 1997-1998 with 2 follow-up periods. RESULTS: Drug treatment, health, and social service utilization were low relative to need for services throughout all data waves. Social service utilization predicted prospective entry into drug treatment but not contacts with general health services or government entitlement programs. CONCLUSION: Drug-abusing women in low-income urban areas in Puerto Rico have substantial unmet substance abuse treatment, health, and social service needs. Mandated treatment by social service agencies may explain their clients' higher likelihood of entering drug treatment. Building linkages between service sectors to augment entry into drug treatment is essential for meeting the complex needs of this underserved population.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[AIDS model program of the Federal Government--an interim evaluation].

In 1986 the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany, started--with considerable financial and personal involvement--eight programs for AIDS-Prevention. An interimsreport of the associated research program gives first hints of success and compulsory modifications.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Strengthening government health and family planning programs: findings from an action research project in rural Bangladesh.

An ongoing study at the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B) is based on the premise that public sector health and family planning programs can be improved through an assessment of the dysfunctional aspects of their operations, the development of problem-solving capabilities, and the transfer of strategies successfully tested in a small-scale pilot project. This paper reports findings from a field trial implemented in a subunit of the project area at an early stage of the project. Operational barriers to public sector program implementation are discussed with regard to the quantity of work, the quality of work, supplies and facilities, integration of health and family planning, and leadership, supervision, and decision making. Initial results of the ICDDR,B intervention on these managerial processes are also indicated.

Bangladesh↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Retinoblastoma in Taiwan: the effect of a government-sponsored national health insurance program on the treatment and survival of patients with retinoblastoma.

PURPOSE: To assess the effect of a government-sponsored national health insurance program that was implemented in Taiwan in March 1995 on the diagnosis and survival of patients with retinoblastoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 108 retinoblastoma patients who were treated at the Chang-Gung Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, from 1978 to 2003 was performed. Patients diagnosed and treated before March 1995 were compared with those treated after March 1995 in terms of annual number of cases, gender, laterality, age at onset, presenting signs, treatment modalities, and survival rate. RESULTS: The average annual number of cases doubled from 3.3 to 6.5 after the implementation of the national health insurance program, and the age at diagnosis decreased from 29 to 21 months (P = .03). The most common presenting sign was leukocoria in both groups. The Kaplan-Meier survival rate at 5 years increased from 67% to 72%, an effect that was obvious in unilateral cases (70% to 83%) but not in bilateral cases (50% for both time periods). CONCLUSIONS: The establishment of a government-sponsored national health insurance program in Taiwan allowed retinoblastoma to be diagnosed earlier, resulting in better survival rates, especially in unilateral cases.

Child↗
PubMed1991

The effect of local government outreach efforts on the recipiency of selected Medicaid programs.

This paper investigates whether government outreach programs improve accessibility to and increase recipiency of nonmandatory medical assistance. Using the Bradford, Malt, and Oates (1969) framework in which voters seek desired outcomes, I attempt to explain through an empirical model the variation in recipiency rates across Pennsylvania's 67 counties. The results indicate that outreach efforts have had a significant positive effect on recipiency. Computed elasticities also provide some insights into the relative effectiveness of various outreach efforts and the respective payoff from the two types of medical assistance programs investigated.

Health Services Accessibility↗
PubMed1979

Orthodontic attitudes toward national health insurance.

Data were obtained by surveying North Carolina orthodontists by means of a mailed questionnaire. Their responses were coded to make possible analysis by computer and were compared to responses from a national sample of dentists in the 1975 Survey of Dentists. Both North Carolina orthodontists and dentists nationwide agreed that some form of dental care should be provided if a national health insurance system were established. Compared to the dentists surveyed nationwide, the orthodontists favored a wider range of coverages but advocated providing a narrower scope of dental services. They indicated more strongly their general belief that a government health program would lead to regulation outside the private sector. The orthodontists disagreed more strongly with the claim that government health programs could provide more people with high-quality dental care. Both groups anticipated that comprehensive dental care in a national health insurance system would result in fixed fees set by the government. Only 62 percent of the orthodontists polled were familiar with HMOs. Of this group, nearly 90 percent chose not to contract with these organizations.

Attitude↗