Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Goiter”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Goiter prevalence in children and adolescents in Lower Silesia in the years 1985-1990].

Investigations of the goiter prevalence in children, aged from 0 to 18 years of age living in Lower Silesia were performed. The children were our clinic outpatients in the years 1985-1990. A separate analysis of children from each of the four districts was made because of a different geographical structure. The highest number of goiter was observed in the Wrocław district. In the year 1983-1989 an increase number of newly diagnosed goiter was cases observed in all analyzed districts, than from 1989 to 1990 a decrease, tendency in goiter prevalence was noticed except in Wrocław district where the number of cases was stable. In the adolescent period the number of cases with newly diagnosed goiter increased with higher frequency among the girls.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Frequency of goiter in children and adolescents in the Szczecin region].

The study was carried out in 2153 children and adolescents (1066 girls and 1087 boys) aged 5-20 years. The examined group was chosen randomly, according to a simple drawing scheme. The aim of the study was to evaluate frequency, size and character of goiter in developmental age population in Szczecin's region. The goiter was found in 14% of examined population (18.4% in girls and 9.8% in boys). Frequency of goiter approximated to 37% in girls and 16% in boys during puberty spurt (between 10 and 16 year of age). Small degree of thyroid enlargement was predominant in examined population. Large goiter was present more frequent in girls than in boys. We did not find clinical symptoms of thyroid gland dysfunction in examined group. Frequency of nodular goiter was 7% of children's and adolescent's population with higher incidence in boys (9%) than in girls (6%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Long-term follow-up after thyroidectomy: incidence of recurrent goiter and functional results].

We analyzed the postoperative longterm results after strumectomy for sporadic goiter in 26 patients. The follow-up time was 25.1 +/- 14.7 (7-58) years (x +/- SD, extremes). Actual goiter recurrence without need for surgery was observed and sonographically confirmed in 3 patients, and 1 patient without actual recurrence had had a second strumectomy for goiter recurrence in the past. Hence the overall frequency of goiter recurrence in this study is 15% (4/26 patients). The patients with a present recurrence (n = 3) were significantly younger at the time of operation (29 +/- 11, 14-41 years) than those without recurrence (n = 23; 45 +/- 11, 28-60 years; p < 0.001). No patient had clinical endocrine dysfunction. Only four patients had been treated with thyroxine and they all suppressed TSH in the presence of euthyroid FT4 and T3 levels without present recurrence of goiter. 22 patients had no thyroid hormone prophylaxis and in only four of them (18%) was observed a recurrence in the longterm follow-up without endemic iodine deficiency. Prophylaxis with thyroid hormones often is not required in low risk patients operated upon and carefully controlled after strumectomy from non-iodine-deficient regions. Patients at risk for recurrence (second strumectomy, family history, elevated TSH, clinical or sonographic evidence for thyroid growth) should be considered for thyroxine therapy with regular follow-up.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Efficacy of L-thyroxine (L-T4) therapy on the volume of the thyroid gland and nodules in patients with euthyroid nodular goiter (ENG)].

The efficacy of treatment with TSH suppressive doses of L-thyroxine was evaluated by echography in 35 patients with euthyroid nodular goiter. Patients have been subdivided in two groups comparable for sex age and size of the goiter. Sixteen patients were treated for nine months with suppressive doses of thyroxine and nineteen were followed without therapy as control. Patients in treatment were then followed up for additional 9 months without therapy. The mean decrease of thyroid volume at nine months was 25% (27 +/- 10 ml vs 20 +/- 8 ml; p < 0.01). After discontinuation of treatment thyroid volume increased and had returned to base line values after nine months of follow up. In the control group mean thyroid volume had increased by 17.7% at nine months (28 +/- 17 vs 33 +/- 19 ml; p < 0.001). Thyroid nodules in response to thyroid hormone treatment showed a variable behaviour: 30.7% (4/13) of the nodules responded to the therapy with a reduction > to 25% at the ninth month; the remaining nodules were insensitive to the therapy. In conclusion suppressive thyroxine treatment is effective in reducing the goiter, nodules instead are only in part sensitive to the treatment. Thyroxine therapy of euthyroid nodular goiter must be followed for long term since upon thyroxine discontinuation there is a prompt reappearance of the goiter.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Repeated surgeries on the thyroid gland in nodular euthyroid goiter].

Medical histories of 214 patients hospitalized with diagnosis "recurrent nodular goiter" were studied retrospectively. Complex clinical, laboratory and instrumental examination was carried out in all the patients. Comparative analysis demonstrated that in the structure of recurrent goiter nodular colloid form dominated (84.1%), only in 42.1% cases repeated surgeries were indicated. Other patients (15.9%) were the ones underwent surgery for other thyroid diseases (hypertrophied form of autoimmune thyroiditis, follicular adenoma, thyroid cysts, thyroid cancer). Inadequate surgery and prophylactic therapy with iodine drugs were the main causes of recurrent goiter. Adequate iodine prophylaxis (potassium iodide 100-200 mg per day), complex examination of patients, correct indications for primary surgery and adequate surgical volume, valuable postoperative therapy (iodine drug, LT-4 if it is necessary) permit to reduce the risk of recurrent nodular (multiple-nodular, diffuse-nodular) goiter. Ways of researches for improvement of diagnosis, prophylaxis and treatment results of "recurrence nodular goiter" are projected.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Population-genetic studies in the microfoci of endemic goiter].

The material analysed is referred to 5 goiter endemic microfoci of one of the landscape-geographical zone of the Kama region with a relative iodine deficiency in the environment, caused by disbalance between iodine and other trace elements. Diffuse enlargement of the thyroid gland was revealed in 50.5% of males, and in 69.7% of females; goiter disease was diagnosed in 3.3% of males, and in 11.6% of females. The empirical risk of goiter occurrence for members of the family with one patient suffering from this disease is double, and in the families with two or more patients--is four tunes greater than in the rest of the population. There proved to be statistically significant differences in goiter morbidity among persons with different degree of blood relation to the proband. Calculations by the original method presented demonstrated that familial associations of goiter patients corresponded to monomere autosome-dominant inheritance with an incomplete manifestation of the corresponding genotype within the range of P = 0.7--0.8.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[The surgical treatment of autonomous nodular goiter. Prospective long-term study].

In a prospective study 287 patients with a nodular goiter and preclinical or overt hyperthyroidism (TRH-TSH unresponsiveness) underwent selective excision of the nodular goitrous tissue to prevent continuing growth and goiter recurrence and reduce concomitantly the autonomously functioning follicular tissue. Depending on the topographic location of the nodes, hilar dissection (hemithyroidectomy or extrathyroidal excision) was carried out in 44% of the patients instead of classic subtotal resection. The operative mortality was nil and the rate of recurrent nerve palsy was 2.1% of cases and 1.3% of nerves at risk respectively; in no instance did bilateral palsy or permanent hypoparathyroidism occur. Thyroid function was investigated one or more times during a period lasting from 3 months to 18 years postoperatively. One patient (0.6%) developed recurrent hyperthyroidism, and in 5 subjects euthyroid TRH-TSH unresponsiveness persisted during an observation period lasting 8-13 years postoperatively. Preclinical or overt hypothyroidism occurred depending upon the extension of goiter resection, i.e. upon the extension of nodular goitrous transformation: hypothyroidism occurred in none of the patients with unifocal (uninodular) autonomy. In 58% of patients with less than or equal to 10 g of residual thyroid tissue, and in 19% of patients with a greater than 10 g thyroid remnant, substitution with thyroxine was necessary. In 2 (2.4%) of the patients followed up for 5-18 (x = 10 +/- 3) years a goiter recurrence (euthyroid) necessitating resection developed 9 and 12 years respectively after resection of a toxic uninodular goiter.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed2005

History of endemic goiter in Croatia: from severe iodine deficiency to iodine sufficiency.

At the time after the Second World War, endemic goiter was present in most parts of Croatia with a prevalence of more than 50% and presence of cretinism. In the village of Rude near Zagreb, goiter was detected in 85% of school children with 2.3% of cretins in the village population. In 1953 the first regulation on obligatory salt iodination, requiring 10 mg of potassium iodide (KI) per kg of salt was established in former Yugoslavia. A three-fold reduction of goiter prevalence, together with disappearance of cretinism was recorded ten years later In 1992, the National Committee for Eradication of Goiter was founded. The survey performed during 1991-1993 exhibited prevalence of goiter among school children between 8% and 35% and urinary iodine excretion under 10 microg/dL in most of the children from continental parts of the country. The new obligatory regulation, requiring 25 mg of KI/kg of salt, was proposed by the National Comittee and finally established in 1996. In 2002 thyroid volumes and medians of urinary iodine excretion were normal according to the ICCIDD criteria. Overall median of urinary iodine excretion for schoolchildren in Croatia was 14 ug/dL. Croatia crossed a path from severe iodine deficiency detected in the 1950's to the period of mild to moderate iodine deficiency during the 1990's, and finally, nowadays, iodine sufficiency has been achieved.

Child↗
PubMed2006

[Neuroendocrine, neorophysiological and neuropsychological changes in children form the iodine deficient population with endemic goiter].

The study was performed in Chokhatauri region, on students of age 13-14 in village Meria in 36 schools. There is discovered mild iodine deficiency with median variation from 78 to 96 %. After clinical and ultrasound studies, it was identified endemic goiter (83.33%). There was performed multi-profile clinical studies on young people by neurologists, neurophysicians, endocrinologists, pediatricians. Electroencephalographic study was performed by digital equipment by visual and computer analysis of the results. There were identified brain functional changes of diffuse character in EG writings. It was identified multineurological complains, especially in children with endemic goiter. With neurophysiologist's tests was estimated neurocognistic functional studies, as in people with endemic goiter also with healthy ones. According to test scores, was estimated perception of visual-space construction, speed of intellectual task performing, quality of functional recognition. According to the results, was estimated visual space memory. The scores in children with endemic goiter was lower then in healthy children. The results are giving possibility to estimate in children with endemic goiter mild neuro-endocrinology, neuro-physiology and neuro-physiology changes coursed by iodine deficiency, before infringement in their clinical appearance. In time prevention of this infringement will give us possibility to avoid future pretended infringement in intellect development.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Ouham-Pendé: a new endemic goiter area in the Centroafrican Republic (CAR): epidemiological survey on 7621 subjects.

The authors report epidemiological observations about a new endemic goiter area in the North western region of the Centro-African Republic (CAR). The research was carried out in 7 quarters of the chief-town (Bocaranga) and in 8 rural villages; 7621 people were examined by the same three of the present Authors who filled in a sample individual form (proposed by WHO) with the generalities and the goiter grading. The data were analyzed according to sex, age and place of residence by means of the common position parameters and the cumulative frequencies, taking into account the goiter grading of each group. The goiter prevalences observed in the rural areas varied from 70.9% (males) to 82.6% (females), whereas in the chief-town they varied from 29.3% (males) to 57.9% (females). Neurological and myxedematous cretins were seen to constitute 3.4% of the visited population. The M/F goitrous ratio was near unity under the age of 6; above this age, females are more widely and severely affected than males. An important fall in goiter prevalence was observed in adult males after the age of 16. The gradings observed in the rural villages, in both females and males of different ages (0-5; 6-15; 16-45; greater than 45 ys.) were significantly more severe than those observed in the chief town (P less than 0.01). The results obtained confirm those of a preliminary survey which the Authors previously carried out on a sample of school children living in the same region of CAR.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Study on the evolution of endemic goiter in Romania.

In population studies on children carried out in 1978-1979 as well as in 1986 we reported the persistence of endemic goiter. This made us extend our study onto other populational categories, namely: a) adults and children from five villages of 500-1500 inhabitants from known endemic areas; goiter was encountered in a high percentage: 41% and 52.5% and prevailed above the age of 50. In children goiter was present in 28-30% but most of it was of the zero degree; b) women aged 18-57 years from urban industrial areas as follows: 1720 from Bucharest, situated in the plain, 280 from Rm-Vîlcea, and 560 from Ploieşti, the latter two being sub-Carpathian areas. Goiter was present in 35.7% and 29.89%, respectively, mostly of the 1st and 2nd degree; nodular goiter was in 3.89% and 12.90%, respectively. Thyroid function was also tested by RIA of T3, T4 and TSH, in the blood collected from 150-200 subjects from each group. The values were within normal limits. However, in one of the endemic areas T3 RNA in children was significantly high. Urinary iodine assay (24 hrs creatinine) was tested in 50 of the women living and working in an industrial urban area situated in the plain. The values were around 50 mg/24 hours or less, in 75% of the cases.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

[Frequency of thyroid enlargement (goiter) in residents of the Szczecin region].

The study has been carried out on 4,565 persons (2,349 girls and women also 2,216 boys and men) aged 4-64. The examined group was chosen randomly, according to a simple drawing scheme. The aim of the study is to evaluate frequency, magnitude and character of goiter in residents in Szczecin region. The goiter has been found in 19.5% persons in examined population, so it makes possible an endemic state. In consideration of a fact that goiter appears frequently among women and there are more cases of thyroid enlargement (O-B and I degree), as well as a small number of people with disturbance thyroid function only slightly endemic character is stated. Because the frequency of modular goiter among people with goiter is 20% it doesn't express extent of endemic state.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Goiter prevalence and thyroid volume by ultrasonographic volumetry in two groups of schoolchildren and adolescents from east Slovakia.

Thyroid volume by ultrasonographic volumetry was estimated in a total of 427 boys and 425 girls aged 7 to 16 years from East Slovakia. It was found that the volume is increasing by age and body weight, being in average about 2.5 ml in 7-8 years old, 3.5 to 4.5 ml in 9-12 years old, 5.2-6.0 ml in 13-14 years old and, as reported previously, 11-12 ml in 15-16 years old. Comparing these results to the findings reported from other countries, it may be concluded that in 13-14 years old schoolchildren the thyroid volume was about twice as high as reported for the same age group from Sweden (with presumably sufficient iodine intake) and by about 20 percent less than found in 13 years old schoolchildren in Federal Republic of Germany (with insufficient iodine intake). The average thyroid volume found in pubertal adolescents aged 15-16 years closely resembled that found in Federal Republic of Germany and was even higher than that found in adults from Sweden and Netherlands where the iodine intake is considered to be sufficient. Palpatory findings according to WHO scale showed 21 percent of goiter stage 1a in boys aged 7-14 years and 24 percent in girls of the same age group, while such values were 23 and 27 percent for boys and girls aged 15 and 16 years, respectively. In addition, in those aged 15-16 years about 3 percent of goiter stage 1b were found, while in those aged 7-14 only 3 cases of goiter stage 1b out of 425 examined were observed. It may be concluded that the present status of thyroid size in examined group closely resembles the first grade endemy of goiter as defined recently by Hetzel and, moreover, it may be suggested that the intake of iodine about 100 micrograms daily (which was recently reported by other authors from Czechoslovakia as based on urinary excretion of iodine) apparently does not fully prevent the development of goiter stage 1 in a considerable amount of children and adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Cervico-mediastinal goiter].

The descent of a cervical goiter below the plain of the thoracic inlet to become substernal in location, is fairly rare, but not exceptional, with an incidence, derived from several large series of operated patients, ranging from 1.7% to 13.1%. The importance of this particular location of the goiter is chiefly due to the fact that the thyroid is growing in a limited space with many surrounding structures, that unavoidably, sooner or later, will be compressed or strained. This provokes respiratory symptoms (such as cough, dyspnea, stridor) or difficulty in swallowing or determines a superior vena cava syndrome with venous stasis in the neck and in the upper thorax, and with facial oedema. The substernal location, that already constitutes a complication of the basic thyropathy, is further aggravated by the incidental malignant transformation of the substernal goiter or by the development of a thyrotoxicosis due to hyper-functioning intra-thoracic thyroid tissue. For all these reasons the presence of a substernal goiter represents in and of itself a precise indication for a surgical treatment. This study is aimed at examining the series of 19 substernal goiters observed at the Institution of General and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Milan, from 1967 to 1987, particularly analyzing the progresses in the diagnostic procedures, the adopted surgical therapy and the observed complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Antenatal diagnosis of goiter by ultrasonography].

A case of foetal goiter diagnosed by ultrasonography is reported. A first child had been under treatment since the age of 4 months for goitrous hypothyroidism. A second pregnancy developed normally. However, at 27 weeks a first ultrasonography showed hypertrophy of the foetus' thyroid gland, and this was confirmed by a second ultrasonic examination performed at 34 weeks. The femoral ossification centre, which usually appears between 31 and 33 weeks of amenorrhoea, was absent. The child was born at 41 weeks. Additional examinations confirmed the presence of hypothyroidism with goiter and disorders of organification. This is the third case of foetal goiter discovered in utero by ultrasonography. The important therapeutic implications of such a diagnosis (appropriate neonatal intensive care in case of compressive goiter, very early treatment of hypothyroidism) open new possibilities of monitoring in pregnant women whose history suggests a risk of foetal goiter.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1988

Tracheomalacia from compressing goiter: management after thyroidectomy.

Tracheomalacia may result from prolonged compression by expanding goiter, particularly within the confines of the thoracic inlet. Constriction of the upper airway by the growing goiter may be indication for operation, but the residual problem of tracheomalacia after thyroidectomy is a life-threatening postoperative complication. Examples of postoperative tracheomalacia in patients with neglected goiters endemic in the third world or recurrent goiter with airway compromise in a western medical center referral practice are described for development of management methods. Two patients with lethal postthyroidectomy tracheomalacia led me to anticipate this complication in certain identifiable high-risk patients in my own practice, and the cases of five patients are described for whom several techniques of tracheal support were attempted. One patient, for whom staged tracheoplasty was planned, opted for tracheostomy, whereas four patients have had adequate tracheal airways restored by extrinsic support. One was treated by subtotal thyroidectomy with tracheal suspension; one by staged thyroid reductions; two were treated by creation of extrinsic tracheal neo-rings constructed of surgical wire and vascular prostheses. The patient with the most dramatic airway impairment from the most extensive tracheomalacia experienced very satisfactory airway security. A second patient was also supported by the prosthetic rings but extruded one of them, possibly because of tracheostomy contamination. Until tracheal replacement or better tolerated prosthetic or biologic supports are devised, tracheomalacia will remain a vexing problem complicating thyroidectomy for long-standing or recurrent airway-compressing goiter.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Incidence of simple goiter among the population of the Gołdap community].

The possibility of the occurrence of goiter endemia++ among the inhabitants of Gołdap community in the Suwałki voivodeship has been investigated. The investigations embraced 2488 persons, i.e. 21% of the population of the studied community. The occurrence of goiter was revealed in 38% of the investigated persons, and this observation lead to the conclusion that goiter is endemic among the population of the Gołdap community. Such features as high incidence of thyroid enlargement of low degree (OB and I), higher incidence of goiter in women than in men, absence of cases with hypothyroidism, and low incidence of nodular goiter, characterize the observed endemia++ as mild.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Changes in the duration of the Achilles reflex in euthyroid goiter in children].

Changes in the duration of the Achilles reflex were studied in subclinical disturbances of thyroid function. For this purpose the duration of the Achilles reflex, the levels of T4, T3, iodine protein bound TSH and cholesterol were investigated in children admitted to hospital with the general diagnosis of the "euthyroid goiter". Clinical and laboratory findings revealed subclinical types of the diffuse toxic goiter, hypothyrosis, chronic thyroiditis, endemic goiter, nodular goiter, pubertal struma and sporadic euthyroid goiter. The aim of the study was to define the diagnostic importance of reflexometry in subclinical disorders of thyroid function and to assess the relationships between metabolic derangements and the duration of the Achilles reflex. Changes in the duration were shown to correspond to disorder of thyroid function. In 76% of the cases reflexometry brought about the correct assessment of the patient's thyroid status. A significant conformity of the levels of TSH, T3, T4 to the duration of the Achilles reflex was shown.

Achilles Tendon↗