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At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

A psychoeducational codependency support group for older adults who reside in the community: friends supporting friends.

Older adults with loved ones who are dependent on alcohol or drugs often experience the adverse effects of a codependent relationship. Many experience anxiety, low self-esteem, depression, and suicidal thoughts. A pilot psychoeducational codependency support group was developed to promote well-being and reduce the adverse effects of codependency among older persons. The study participants were a voluntary convenience sample of 22 older adults (ages 65 and older) residing in the community. A pretest and posttest were administered. Six 90-minute group sessions based on a curriculum developed by the authors were held during a 2-month period. Yalom's Therapeutic Factors were used to evaluate the group process. Results indicated that older adults benefit from a psychoeducational support group format and that codependency issues can be reduced.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A place called HOPE: group psychotherapy for adolescents of parents with HIV/AIDS.

Project HOPE is a psychosocial support program for noninfected children of HIV-positive parents. The challenges of starting and implementing the program's psychotherapy group for grieving adolescents, and clinical examples of group process and effective interventions in group leadership, are described. Four stages in group development are explicated--safety, dependency, counterdependency, and independence--paralleling the adolescent separation-individuation process.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2005

The two faces of the group therapist.

The group therapist wears two faces: spokesperson of the Establishment and spokesperson of significant truth. To run vital groups, these two roles of group leadership must stand in dialectic relationship to each other. The therapist introduces principles and practices that normalize group relations and provide a sense of cohesion, continuity, and regularity. However, to be constructive and promote significant truth, the group therapist must also be deconstructive, and encourage and support the group's questioning and challenging the very principles and practices that he or she asserts. A case example illustrates how the group leader is also two-faced in another sense of the term, since he or she may be false and insincere--or perceived as such--when being either the conservator or challenger of group process and culture.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Group cohesion in cognitive-behavioral group therapy for social phobia.

Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) for Social Phobia is effective in both group and individual formats. However, the impact of group processes on treatment efficacy remains relatively unexplored. In this study we examined group cohesion ratings made by individuals at the midpoint and endpoint of CBT groups for social phobia. Symptom measures were also completed at the beginning and end of treatment. We found that cohesion ratings significantly increased over the course of the group and were associated with improvement over time in social anxiety symptoms, as well as improvement on measures of general anxiety, depression, and functional impairment. In conclusion, findings are consistent with the idea that changes in group cohesion are related to social anxiety symptom reduction and, therefore, speak to the importance of nonspecific therapeutic factors in treatment outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Where the wild things are: the power and challenge of adolescent group work.

Because groups are an intrinsic part of the adolescent's life, group therapy can be a powerful and effective treatment modality for them. However, it poses many challenges to group leaders and members alike. This paper, drawing on Maurice Sendak's well-known and beloved picture book Where the Wild Things Are, describes some of the issues involved in setting up groups for adolescents as well as how various developmental tasks of this age group appear in the group process. Clinical examples are utilized to illustrate the challenges and therapeutic efficacy of such groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Framework for analyzing an ethical problem and conducting an ethical consultation.

Clinical ethics are an intrinsic aspect of practice in health care settings. However, health care professionals may have minimal training in ethics and communication. Clinical ethics committees, with a multidisciplinary composition, are in a position to offer clinical consultative services from a collaborative framework. Using this framework, as well as standard guidelines for conducting an ethics consultation, most often elicits essential beliefs, values, concerns, and opinions pertinent to the case at hand. Through enhancement of the communication process, group consensus is usually achieved. The framework guiding the consultation and communication process is delineated and illustrated through case analysis.

Communication↗
PubMed2006

Visual grouping and the focusing of attention induce gamma-band oscillations at different frequencies in human magnetoencephalogram signals.

Neural oscillatory synchrony could implement grouping processes, act as an attentional filter, or foster the storage of information in short-term memory. Do these findings indicate that oscillatory synchrony is an unspecific epiphenomenon occurring in any demanding task, or that oscillatory synchrony is a fundamental mechanism involved whenever neural cooperation is requested? If the latter hypothesis is true, then oscillatory synchrony should be specific, with distinct visual processes eliciting different types of oscillations. We recorded magnetoencephalogram (MEG) signals while manipulating the grouping properties of a visual display on the one hand, and the focusing of attention to memorize part of this display on the other hand. Grouping-related gamma oscillations were present in all conditions but modulated by the grouping properties of the stimulus (one or two groups) in the high gamma-band (70-120 Hz) at central occipital locations. Attention-related gamma oscillations appeared as an additional component whenever attentional focusing was requested in the low gamma-band (44-66 Hz) at parietal locations. Our results thus reveal the existence of a functional specialization in the gamma range, with grouping-related oscillations showing up at higher frequencies than attention-related oscillations. The pattern of oscillatory synchrony is thus specific of the visual process it is associated with. Our results further suggest that both grouping processes and focused attention rely on a common implementation process, namely, gamma-band oscillatory synchrony, a finding that could account for the fact that coherent percepts are more likely to catch attention than incoherent ones.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Structured group treatment of couples experiencing sexual dysfunctions.

This paper describes a structured, time-limited method for treating couples in which both people are experiencing sexual dysfunctions. In our previous research, we found that group treatment was as effective as single-couple treatment for treating men experiencing premature ejaculation and women experiencing secondary orgasmic dysfunction. In this article we have described our procedures for evaluating and selecting group participants, our 12-week structured group treatment format, the group process, common problems and resistances, and our methods for assessing treatment outcome. Our structured group treatment approach is a cost efficient and effective method for treating the many couples experiencing sexual dysfunctions.

Female↗
PubMed1996

Dreams in group therapy: a review of models.

Dream work in therapeutic environments is reviewed, exploring the benefits and limitations of dreams. The application of dreams to groups and the impact of the work on group process and interaction is discussed. The integration of dream-work models within various group psychotherapeutic approaches is examined. A meta-classification of dream-work concludes the review.

Dreams↗
PubMed2004

Essential characteristics of effective Balint group leadership.

OBJECTIVE: Balint work in the United States has suffered from a lack of written material on how Balint group leaders structure and guide group process. This study identified characteristics of effective Balint group leadership by gathering information from experienced Balint leaders. METHODS: We used evaluations of the leadership methods used by 21 Balint group leaders assembled at an American Balint Society workshop to pilot test the Society's credentialing process. Free text and rating data from leader evaluation forms were analyzed using qualitative text analysis and factor analysis. We also conducted focus groups. RESULTS: Convergence was seen on several characteristics across all sources of data. Effective Balint leaders operate to create a safe environment and move the group toward a new understanding of a specific doctor-patient relationship. Specific leader behaviors include protecting the presenter from interrogation, encouraging open speculation by group members, avoiding premature solutions, and tolerating silence and uncertainty. DISCUSSION: Although Balint group leaders rely on behaviors common to other small-group methods, they create a space and purpose markedly different from that seen in other small groups in medical education. Balint group leaders model and create a safe environment for shared, creative speculation and a more empathic experience of the doctor-patient relationship.

Behavior↗
PubMed1995

Peer consultation: a look at process.

After attending graduate nursing school, and being exposed to the concepts of peer supervision and consultation, six women formed a peer consultation group. A peer consultation group, simply stated, is a professional support group. In this article, evolution of the group process is described from personal experience and personal perspectives. The aim is to inspire other CNSs and nursing personnel involved in advanced practice to consider involvement in such a group to enhance their own professional growth and well-being. Although the format, group size, individual composition, and beneficial aspects of the group have varied throughout the 5-year tenure, group members unanimously agree that such a forum has been invaluable for their professional growth and development.

Consultants↗
PubMed1989

Group psychotherapy with preadolescent sexual abuse victims: literature review and description of an inner-city group.

The demand for therapy groups for child sexual assault victims has risen as detection of abuse has increased, but little has been published about conducting and evaluating such groups. The authors present a comprehensive review of the literature and describe their sixteen-week therapy group with seven eleven- and twelve-year-old girls. Treatment themes, activities, group process issues, and psychometric findings on the Piers-Harris Children's Self Concept Scale and the Child Behavior Checklist are discussed. Suggestions for future groups and research are offered.

Child↗
PubMed2004

Dietary exposure estimates of isoflavones from the 1998 UK Total Diet Study.

The phyto-oestrogen contents of the 1998 UK Total Diet Study (TDS) food group composites were determined. Each TDS set consisted of composite samples, one for each of the 20 designated food groups. These composites then represented the average consumption of all the individual food elements in each group, processed into the form in which they were consumed. In the TDS, individual composites of the bread, processed meat and fish food groups contained >5 mg kg(-1) of the individual isoflavones (daidzein, genistein and glycitein). Individual composites from the groups, miscellaneous cereals, other vegetables, fruit products and nuts contained >1 mg kg(-1). After weighting for average consumption of food from each TDS food group, an estimated daily intake of 3 mg day(-1) of combined isoflavone aglycones was obtained from the TDS sample collection model for the average (adult) consumer. The UK dietary intake of phyto-oestrogens is higher than previously estimated due in part to the use of soya in processed foods.

Bread↗
PubMed1988

[How to describe activities in critical care. French Multicenter Study Group in Critical Care].

The types of intensive care are many and varied, and the aim of this study is to apply the same method to describing the activity of different ICU. 38 ICU were selected by cooptation rather than randomization, and the data collected concerned input (age, previous health status, simplified acute physiology score or SAPS, intensive care group, processes [TISS points]), percentage of ventilated patients, percentage of pulmonary arterial lines and outcome (ICU death rate). The three intensive care groups were A (medical, i.e. all nonsurgical patients), B (surgical, i.e. patients operated on during the week preceding or following ICU admission) and C (surgical scheduled or elective, admission scheduled at least 24 hours before). 3687 patients in the study were classified as follows: A 2175, B 885 and C 627. The first part of the results concerned the differences in intensive care groups. Inputs, processes and outcome were very different in the three groups, particularly in group C (elective) where the therapeutic level was higher for low SAPS and mortality lower for high SAPS. The second part of the results concerned the differences between intensive care units. In intermediate units the patients were older, less severely ill and mainly medical. Surgical patients had a better previous health status, were younger and were scheduled in 40% of cases. TISS points were higher, there was a higher rate of ventilated patients and patients with pulmonary artery lines on the first day. Results in specialized units depended mainly on the intensive care groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Age Factors↗
PubMed1999

Helpful and hurtful aspects of psychological debriefing groups.

Psychological debriefing groups have become one of the most common interventions to help people in trauma and crisis. The rapid spread of such groups makes it important to consider both positive and possible negative results of such groups. Debriefing groups provide an opportunity for normalization of a crisis experience. However, as with any powerful intervention, there is the danger that such groups may harm participants. Good leadership reduces the possibility of a negative outcome and requires an emphasis on the early parts of the debriefing to build trust and authority. This, as well as different ways of handling problems in the group process, are outlined. Future challenges to the genre of psychological debriefing are presented, including when not to use debriefing groups.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Wellness works: community service health promotion groups led by occupational therapy students.

OBJECTIVE: In the context of a group process course, occupational therapy students learned health promotion skills through working on personal wellness goals and leading community-based health promotion groups. The groups targeted topics such as smoking cessation, improving diet, reducing stress through yoga, meditation, tai chi chuan, ROM (Range of Motion) Dance, aerobics, and a variety of other activities. METHOD: After identifying a personal wellness goal and developing it in a Wellness Awareness Learning Contract, each student used a Goal Attainment Scale (GAS) to predict an expected outcome for achieving the goal and to measure his or her progress toward attaining the goal. Students also used the GAS to measure progress in attaining group leadership skills within the community groups, which they outlined in a separate Group Skills Contract. Students kept weekly logs to foster reflective thinking, and the logs were used for interactive dialogue with the instructor. To further evaluate lifestyle change, students compared pretest and posttest scores on a Self-Assessment Scorecard, which surveyed six areas of health and human potential in body, mind, and spirit. RESULTS: Students monitored their own change process on both their personal health lifestyle goals and their group leadership skills while developing a richer appreciation of the dynamics of working for change with clients in community and traditional settings. Differences on the Self-Assessment Scorecard indicated improvement on two of the six scales for physical health and choices. CONCLUSION: Students experienced firsthand the challenges of developing healthier lifestyles on the basis of their personal goals as well as through fostering group changes. The two GAS learning contracts provided them with concrete evidence of their growth and learning. This experience--embedded in the context of a group process course with a community service learning group practicum--provided most students with a positive initial experience with group leadership as they began to explore roles as agents for lifestyle and health change. Suggestions for expanding health promotion roles in practice in the changing health care environment are also examined.

Community Health Services↗
PubMed1991

Inherent moral practice in group psychotherapy.

The large amount and variety of group psychotherapy practiced today enjoins us to determine its morality, that is, its rightness or wrongness. In this essay group therapy and morality are briefly defined. Using the writings of both philosophers and psychologists, evidence of morality is sought in the intentions and actions of both the patients and therapist and in the group process itself. Paying attention to "personal valuative acts," which are moral in nature and in outcome, group psychotherapy results in the good of the patient, of the therapist, and of the art or practice of group psychotherapy itself.

Group Processes↗
PubMed1985

Group psychotherapy with multiple personality patients.

Group psychotherapy with multiple personality patients is an infrequently utilized technique. In a homogeneous group composed of multiple personality patients, the technique of group psychotherapy is examined in detail. The group setting, selection of patients, and group composition are described. Therapeutic issues involving group process, intrapersonal dynamics, transference, countertransference, co-therapy, and termination are examined. Finally, psychotherapy with the group of multiple personality patients is contrasted with group psychotherapy with borderline patients and incest victims.

Adolescent↗