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464 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Treatment of advanced breast cancer with aminoglutethimide--response after previous tamoxifen treatment.

Thirty-one postmenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer either unresponsive to tamoxifen or progressing after responding to tamoxifen were treated with aminoglutethimide (1 000 - 1 250 mg/d) plus hydrocortisone replacement. The response rate was 33% in patients who had never responded to tamoxifen and 47% in patients who had previously responded to tamoxifen. The overall response rate was 42%. These results show that aminoglutethimide is an effective second-line hormonal treatment for patients with advanced breast cancer.

Aminoglutethimide↗
PubMed1976

Use of androgens in chronic renal failure patients on maintenance hemodialysis.

The etiology of anemia associated with chronic renal failure, and the advantages and disadvantages of its treatment with androgenic agents, are reviewed. Clinical trials with the following types of androgenic agents are reviewed: 17-alpha-alkylated androgens, testosterone esters, and 19-nortestosterone derivatives. The studies indicate that androgens stimulate erythropoiesis in chronic renal failure patients. However, because of the risk of serious adverse effects, the use of these agents should probably be restricted to those patients who have or may become symptomatic.

Androgens↗
PubMed1993

[Erythroblastopenia: chronic idiopathic or associated with chronic lymphoid leukemia. Value of cultures of erythroblastic progenitors and therapeutic strategy].

Fifty cases of chronic pure red cell aplasia in adults (idiopathic in 32 cases, associated with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia in 18) were followed up after studying their erythroblastic precursors in vitro. Analysis of response to immunomodulators confirmed the existence, in patients with idiopathic chronic pure red cell aplasia, of a relationship between in vitro behaviour and obtention of a remission: patients with normal differentiation of erythroblasts consistently responded to treatments, whereas treatments were usually ineffective when the erythroblasts did not differentiate in vitro. When in vitro differentiation was below normal, responses to treatments were varied. In patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, the erythroblastic precursors were normal in 15/18 cases, and response to immunomodulators was observed in 13/18 cases. A second objective of this study was to determine, on a large series, the most adequate immunomodulator treatment. In idiopathic chronic pure red cell aplasia the most efficient therapy was corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide administered separately or together. The antilymphocyte serum gave disappointing results. In pure red cell aplasia associated with leukaemia cyclophosphamide was the most frequently effective drug, with corticosteroids taking second rank; however, infections were frequent. The treatments to be considered when both corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide fail are discussed.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1997

The role of radiotherapy in the management of operable locally advanced breast carcinoma: results of a randomized trial by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to test the role of radiotherapy following total mastectomy, axillary dissection, and adjuvant systemic therapy in the management of operable locally advanced breast carcinoma. METHODS: After undergoing mastectomy and axillary dissection, 426 patients with locally advanced breast carcinoma were registered on study and stratified by patient characteristics and risk factors. All patients were then treated with six courses of chemohormonotherapy. After being restaged, the 332 patients remaining without recurrence were randomized to receive prophylactic radiotherapy or to undergo observation and receive radiotherapy only if and when there was locoregional recurrence. RESULTS: Three hundred twelve of 332 randomized patients were deemed eligible and analyzed for both time to relapse and survival. The median follow-up period was 9.1 years. There were no significant differences in time to relapse and overall survival between the two treatment arms. Of those assigned to radiation, 60% relapsed, with a median time to relapse of 4.7 years, and 46% were alive at last follow-up, with a median survival of 8.3 years. Of those assigned to observation, 56% relapsed, with a median time to relapse of 5.2 years, and 47% were alive at last follow-up, with a median survival of 8.1 years. The two treatment arms had significantly different patterns of sites of first recurrence. There were 9% fewer locoregional first recurrences among those assigned to radiation than among those assigned to observation (15% vs. 24%), whereas there were 15% more first relapses at distant sites (50% vs. 35%) among those assigned to radiation (P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Radiotherapy for locally advanced breast carcinoma, following mastectomy, axillary dissection, and adjuvant systemic therapy, results in fewer locoregional but more distant recurrences at first relapse. No significant advantage was seen for consolidation radiotherapy over observation in terms of either time to relapse or survival, both of which were virtually identical in the two treatment arms. [See editorial counterpoint on pages 1061-6 and reply to counterpoint on pages 1067-8, this issue.]

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Coordinated surgical and drug treatment of cancer.

Normal cells can proliferate to heal wounds while cancer cells die from chemotherapy with selected sulfhydryl (SH) inhibitors. Choice of the drugs is directed by sensitivity tests run immediately after surgery on each patient's own cancer. The SH-bearing nonhistone chromosomal proteins were predicted to play a major role in regulating genes. Much recent work now suggests that these proteins may play a key role in controlling gene expression.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria].

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare, acquired disorder of blood cells which originate from an abnormal hematopoietic stem cell. The condition is characterized by nocturnal hemoglobinuria, chronic hemolytic anemia, and thrombosis. We describe a 60-year-old woman with PNH admitted with abdominal pain and jaundice, who had dark urine on arising after a night's sleep. The diagnosis was established by the typical clinical story and a positive Ham test. She was successfully treated with Halotestin and folic acid. Although PNH is rare, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hemolytic anemia. Early diagnosis and treatment are important.

Diagnosis, Differential↗