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At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Flagellation of Salmonella typhimurium treated with nalidixic acid.

Filamentous cells of Salmonella typhimurium, obtained after treatment with nalidixic acid in the exponential phase of growth, elongated up to 10 micron, corresponding to 4 unit cell lengths, per nucleoid. During elongation, division of nucleoids and septum formation did not occur, but de novo formation of flagella continued. Most of the filamentous cells were motile, and flagella were evenly distributed on their surface.

Cell Movement↗
PubMed1988

Molecular cloning of a gene affecting the autolysin level and flagellation in Bacillus subtilis.

A 2.8 kb PstI fragment of Bacillus subtilis 168W DNA has been cloned into Escherichia coli HB101 and B. subtilis AG5 using pAC3 as a shuttle plasmid. The new plasmid (pBRG1), of 10.2 kb, complemented flaD mutations which show reduced production of autolysin(s), filamentation and non-motility (deficiency of flagella). Deletion experiments showed that the suppressive gene is located between the HindIII and XbaI sites (1.0 kb apart) in pBRG1. The integration of a plasmid having chloramphenicol resistance closely linked to the flaD gene into the B. subtilis AC703 chromosome and its genetic analysis indicated that the cloned fragment contained the flaD gene itself. A high-copy-number plasmid carrying the cloned gene did not lead to an increase in autolysin production above the wild-type level, but it changed the colony morphology from smooth to rough. Among several autolysin-deficient mutations, lyt-151 was suppressed only by the high-copy-number plasmid carrying the cloned gene.

Bacillus subtilis↗
PubMed1990

Nucleotide sequences of the Bacillus subtilis flaD locus and a B. licheniformis homologue affecting the autolysin level and flagellation.

A DNA fragment containing the flaD locus of Bacillus subtilis, which had been cloned into plasmid pAC3, was subcloned into an M13 phage and sequenced. The sequence contained five open reading frames (ORFs), of which ORF2 was the flaD gene. Unexpectedly, the sequence of the flaD locus was identical to that of sin [sporulation inhibition gene; Gaur, N. K., Dubnau, E. & Smith, I. (1986). Journal of Bacteriology 168, 860-869]. A B. licheniformis homologue (flaL) of the B. subtilis flaD locus was cloned into pUC19 and identified by colony hybridization. The B. licheniformis DNA was subcloned and sequenced. Two ORFs (ORF1, or L-ORF1; and ORF2, or flaL) were detected, encoding 58 and 111 amino acid residues, respectively. These are almost identical in length to ORF1 (D-ORF1; 57 amino acids) and flaD (111 amino acids) on the fragment of B. subtilis DNA. The overall interspecies differences between the nucleotide sequences of D-ORF1 and L-ORF1, and those of flaD and flaL, were 42% and 11%, respectively, and the differences in the predicted amino acid sequences were 50% and 7%, respectively. The regions 3' of the ORFs (flaL and flaD) in both species resemble rho-independent terminators of transcription. The characteristics of the amino acid sequences are also discussed.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

The parasitic flagellates Trichomonas vaginalis and Tritrichomonas foetus produce indole and dimethyl disulphide: direct characterization by membrane inlet tandem mass spectrometry.

The use of a membrane inlet triple quadrupole mass spectrometer revealed indole as an end product in the growth medium of cultures of the cattle parasite Tritrichomonas foetus and the human parasite Trichomonas vaginalis: formation of indole is enhanced in the presence of added tryptophan. Two different clinical isolates of Trich. vaginalis also produce dimethyl disulphide. Electron impact ionization yielded complex fragmentation mixtures, but the facility for analysis of daughter ions enabled unequivocal assignments. Chemical ionization gave [M + 1]+ species, and tandem mass spectrometry produced identification through daughter ions. The method provides a rapid single-step procedure for the characterization of microbial products without the need for preliminary separation and derivatization.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

The microaerophilic flagellate Giardia intestinalis: Allium sativum (garlic) is an effective antigiardial.

Whole garlic (Allium sativum L.) extract and some of its components were assayed for antigiardial activity. Whole garlic extract gave an IC(50) at 24 h of 0.3 mg ml(-1). Most of the components assayed were inhibitory to the organism, especially allyl alcohol and allyl mercaptan, with IC(50) values of 7 microg ml(-1) and 37 microg ml(-1) respectively. Studies with calcofluor white indicated that whole garlic and allyl alcohol collapse the transmembrane electrochemical membrane potential (Deltapsi) of the organism, as indicated by uptake of the fluorochrome. Electron microscopy allowed the morphological changes that occur with garlic inhibition to be recorded. Both the surface topography and internal architecture of the organism changed during incubation with the biocides. Both whole garlic and allyl alcohol resulted in fragmentation of the disc and an overexpression of disc microribbons, internalization of flagella, vacuole formation and an increase in distended vesicles. Allyl mercaptan, however, only gave an increase in distended vesicles, suggesting that this biocide has a different mode of action.

Animals↗