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At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Glaucoma after ocular contusion: a cohort study of the United States Eye Injury Registry.

PURPOSE: This cohort study was designed to evaluate risk factors for the development of posttraumatic glaucoma after ocular contusion. METHODS: Data from the United States Eye Injury Registry (USEIR) were obtained from a total of 6021 patients who experienced blunt ocular contusion. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between these baseline structural and functional ocular characteristics and posttraumatic glaucoma. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were obtained. RESULTS: The 6-month incidence of developing posttraumatic glaucoma was 3.39%. The development of glaucoma was independently associated with: advancing age (OR = 1.02; 95% CI = 1.02, 1.03), visual acuity worse than 20/200 (OR = 1.92; 95% CI = 1.19, 3.10), iris injury (OR = 1.60; 95% CI = 1.05, 2.44), lens injury (OR = 1.86; 95% CI = 1.11, 3.11), hyphema (OR = 2.23; 95% CI = 1.40, 3.54), or angle recession (OR = 1.71; 95% CI = 1.00, 2.90). CONCLUSION: This study provides an estimate for the risk of developing glaucoma after ocular contusion in a large cohort of patients and has determined several independently predictive factors that were significantly associated with the development of posttraumatic glaucoma including poor initial visual acuity, advancing age, lens injury, angle recession, and hyphema.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Incidence of sympathetic ophthalmia after penetrating eye injury and choice of treatment.

INTRODUCTION: Sympathetic ophthalmia, a diffuse bilateral granulomatous panuveitis, is a serious potential complication after penetrating eye injury. Many surgeons recommend enucleation within two weeks of trauma to prevent this condition. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with penetrating ocular injuries who had either evisceration or enucleation to determine the incidence of sympathetic ophthalmia and to evaluate the surgical interventions and their complications. Age at surgery, time after penetrating trauma, surgery technique, follow-up period, ophthalmic examination of the fellow eye, and surgical complications were evaluated. RESULTS: In total, 217 patients were included in the study with a mean follow-up period of 10.3 +/- 6.6 years. The longest time between the trauma and time of surgery was 43 years. Postoperative uveitis was observed in only one patient (0.5%) who had primary repair after injury. Histopathological review did not reveal typical sympathetic ophthalmia. Complications after enucleation were significantly higher than after evisceration. CONCLUSION: There was no histopathologically supported sympathetic ophthalmia in our series. Sympathetic ophthalmia is very rare even when the injured eye is retained. With this in mind, the first choice of treatment may not be enucleation. Furthermore, evisceration may be the procedure of choice if primary repair cannot be performed or for patients who have panophthalmitis.

Eye Enucleation↗
PubMed1997

Prompt treatment for chemical eye injuries.

A chemical injury to the eye requires prompt and effective treatment to minimise permanent damage. This article describes the types of chemical injury and discusses the treatments available.

Burns, Chemical↗
PubMed1999

Eye injuries caused by cow horns.

PURPOSE: To assess ocular injuries caused by cow horns; to investigate clinical findings, treatment, and visual outcome in a population of dairy farmers; and to propose possible preventive measures. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted to identify patients seen over a 45-month period with cow horn-inflicted eye injuries. Eleven patients were identified and their charts reviewed for demographics, mechanism of injury, initial and final visual acuity, surgeries performed, and anatomic outcome. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 64 years. Seven patients had open-globe injuries with vitreous hemorrhage. In five cases, pars plana vitrectomy was performed. Final best-corrected visual acuity was < or = hand motion in five patients, between 20/160 and 20/80 in three patients, and better than 20/32 in three patients. CONCLUSION: The majority of the cow horn injuries studied caused severe permanent impairment of vision. Owing to the blunt nature of the horns, a significant amount of energy is imparted into the eye. To prevent these injuries, coagulation of the horns should be performed 2 weeks after a calf's birth or farmers should be advised to wear safety glasses.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1995

Eye injury and the air bag.

Although traffic-related mortality and morbidity figures have improved in recent years in the United States, motor vehicle crash remains a leading source of death and injury, requiring additional efforts to reduce its toll. The rationale for equipping passenger vehicles with air bags was to introduce a mechanical cushion between occupants and the car's hard interior surfaces. Although air bags have proven to be effective in saving lives and preventing injuries, a growing number of reports indicate that the air bag is also a potential source of ocular trauma. This article analyzes 24 eye injuries alleged to be air bag-related. The posterior segment was injured in less than half of cases, and only one eye sustained severe visual impairment. Although such reports may help to improve air bag design, the air bag should remain "innocent until proven guilty." We report that in motor vehicle crashes, the rate of ocular trauma increases 2.5 times if the car is not air bag-equipped. In contrast to injuries seen in vehicles without air bags, eye trauma sustained in vehicles with air bags is typically closed globe.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1976

The immediate care of eye injuries.

The various types of injury which may occur to the eye are described. These may be easily missed altogether, or their extent not realised, unless great care and vigilance is exercised by those who first see the patient. Emphasis has been placed on the immediate care required and the urgency with which the different categories of injury must be referred to a specialist.

Bandages↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Open eye injuries in the pediatric population in Kuwait.

OBJECTIVE: To report the epidemiological characteristics of pediatric open globe injuries and to discuss treatment, management and outcomes of such injuries. MATERIALS AND METHOD: The hospital records and operative notes of 95 patients 16 years old and younger who were treated for open eye injury at Ibn Sina Hospital, Kuwait between September 1995 and January 1999 were reviewed. The average age of patients was 6.6 years. Patients were divided into three groups according to their final visual acuity (FVA): group 1, FVA of 20/40 or better; group 2, 20/40-20/200, and group 3, 20/400 or worse. The FVA of each group was compared to initial visual acuity (IVA), wound entry site, injury-to-presentation interval, injury-to-surgery interval, time of surgery, duration of surgery, associated injuries and medical treatment. RESULTS: Injury was most common in children 3-6 years old. Most injuries occurred during play at home (46%), between the months of July and November (58%), and evening time (42%). The most common causes were glass, pencil, stick, soft drink bottle, metal bar, and stone. The cornea was the most common entry site (59 cases). Seventy-three patients presented on the day of injury, and 38 of them had surgical repair that same day. The follow-up period ranged from 2 weeks to 58 months. Thirty-eight patients (40%) had an FVA of 20/40 or better (group 1), 23 (24%) between 20/40 and 20/200 (group 2), 12 (13%) 20/400 or worse (group 3), and 22 (23%) had no record of FVA. The difference between IVA and FVA of wound entry site was statistically significant (p < 0.005). Differences due to injury-to-presentation interval, injury-to-surgery interval, time of surgery, duration of surgery, associated injuries, and the use of systemic antibiotics were found not to be statistically significant (p > 0.2). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of open globe injury among the pediatric population in Kuwait was high. Most injuries were due to household objects and occurred at home in the evening during the summer and autumn. IVA and anatomical location of the wound impacted on final outcome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Prediction of severe eye injuries in automobile accidents: static and dynamic rupture pressure of the eye.

The purpose of this paper is to determine the static and dynamic rupture pressures of 20 human and 20 porcine eyes. This study found the static test results show an average rupture pressure for porcine eyes of 1.00 +/- 0.18 MPa while the average rupture pressure for human eyes was 0.36 +/- 0.20 MPa. For dynamic loading, the average porcine rupture pressure was 1.64 +/- 0.32 MPa, and the average rupture pressure for human eyes was 0.91 +/- 0.29 MPa. Significant differences are found between average rupture pressures from all four groups of tests (p = 0.01). A risk function has been developed and predicts a 50% risk of globe rupture at 1.02 MPa, 1.66 MPa, 0.35 MPa, and 0.90 MPa internal pressure for porcine static, porcine dynamic, human static, and human dynamic loading conditions, respectively.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1996

Use of rocuronium in a pregnant patient with an open eye injury, receiving magnesium medication, for preterm labour.

We present a case where rocuronium 80 mg (3 x ED95) was used in a rapid sequence induction in a 80-kg pregnant patient with an open eye injury. The patient was also receiving magnesium 2 g h-1 i.v. for preterm labour. The expected duration for neuromuscular block of rocuronium in the absence of magnesium would be approximately 53 min; with infusion of magnesium, the duration of neuromuscular block was prolonged four-fold (215 min). It is important to remember that magnesium potentiates the effects of all non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents, including rocuronium.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

CT diagnosis of unsuspected traumatic cataracts in patients with complicated eye injuries: significance of attenuation value of the lens.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the CT attenuation value of the lens is helpful in diagnosing acute traumatic cataracts in patients with complicated eye injuries that preclude evaluation by any other means. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The CT attenuation values of the lenses of 69 patients with acute orbital trauma, including 24 patients with clinically and surgically diagnosed acute traumatic cataracts, were compared with attenuation values of their own contralateral lens and with the attenuation values of the lenses of 103 consecutive asymptomatic control subjects. The study group was composed of consecutive patients with unilateral orbital trauma who were clinically evaluated and referred for CT examination within 48 hr after their initial injury. In all patients, attenuation measurements of the injured lenses were obtained and compared with those of the contralateral lens as an internal control. All surgically diagnosed cataracts were histologically confirmed. RESULTS: The CT attenuation measurement of a lens in any asymptomatic control subject was identical (within the range of the standard deviation) to the measurement of the contralateral lens of that control patient. In patients with orbital injury, the CT attenuation of the patient's cataractous lens was markedly lower than in the contralateral lens (mean density difference, 30 H, p < .0001). This decreased attenuation corresponds to acute cataract formation with increased fluid within the lens. No patient with normal attenuation values of the lens in the traumatized globe (as compared with the contralateral lens) was found to have an acute traumatic cataract or have a cataract develop within a 1-year follow-up period. CONCLUSION: CT may be useful in the examination of patients with acute traumatic cataracts, unsuspected lens injury, opacification of the anterior chamber, or other injuries of the globe with complications that preclude lens evaluation by any other means. This prompt diagnosis may allow timely removal of the lens in appropriate clinical circumstances, preventing damage to the anterior chamber of the globe and other complications of delayed diagnosis and treatment. Further, normal CT findings at the time of trauma suggest that the lens will not undergo acute traumatic cataract formation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Intraocular infections in perforating eye injuries (author's transl)].

Our of 688 eyes with perforating injuries in 16 cases (2.33%) which were operated on in the years 1973 to 1979, a serious intraocular infection occurred. In 8.94% of the cases in which there were foreign bodies, and in 0.88% of the remaining cases, without intraocular foreign bodies, infection also occurred, although antibiotics were administered prophylactically. With intensive combined antibiotic therapy, and by performing vitrectomy as early as possible it is sometimes possible to save the bulb, and in some cases useful residual function can be achieved. The success of early results of vitrectomy in endophthalmitis recorded in the literature to date could not be obtained as late results in our cases.

Endophthalmitis↗