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At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Vygotsky and Papert: social-cognitive interactions within Logo environments.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of co-operative and individualised Logo environments on creativity and interpersonal relationships regarding academic recognition and social acceptance. Participants were 83 students who studied in three eighth grade classrooms: one was exposed to a co-operative Logo environment (N = 30), the other to an individualised Logo environment (N = 24), and the third served as a non-treatment control group (N = 29). Results showed that students in the cooperative Logo environment outperformed their counterparts in the other two groups on certain measures of creativity (figurative-originality, verbal-flexibility, and verbal-originality). In addition, the co-operative Logo group developed more positive interpersonal relationships than the students in the other two settings. The results are discussed from three perspectives: the social-cognitive approach emphasising the roles of co-operation and metacognition in developing advanced thinking skills; the educational-technology viewpoint demonstrating the potential use of computers; and the pedagogical view pointing out the implications of the study to school situations and heterogeneous classrooms.

Child↗
PubMed1991

A biobehavioral model for hospital psychiatry in an era of increasing regulation and cost containment.

Psychiatric hospitalization is increasingly a target of cost reduction by employers and third-party payers. The authors describe an evaluation of a biobehavioral model for the treatment of a mixed population of public- and private-sector patients in the psychiatric unit of a general hospital under conditions of severe regulation and cost containment. The program combined behavioral-education technology based on principles of social reinforcement with the traditional medical model in which the psychiatrist specified the patient's individual treatment within the general programmatic framework. Patient progress was monitored using standardized clinic rating scales, which showed that between 85 and 96 percent of the patients had improved significantly at discharge after an average stay of 12 days. Based on that and other findings, the authors believe that the new programmatic technology of biobehavioral psychiatry has the flexibility to ameliorate the adverse effects of increasing regulation and cost containment, even under demanding clinical conditions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

The Centre for Minimal Access Surgery--teaching for tomorrow.

The Centre for Minimal Access Surgery (CMAS) was established as a state-of-the-art multidisciplinary technological education and research centre for minimal access surgical techniques. Up-to-date training models were obtained to facilitate skill acquisition. Among these were the Minimal Access Therapy trainer and the Body Form Simulator, which provide simulations of the human form on which students can practise operative procedures. The CMAS also acquired the MIST Virtual Reality system, a computer program that facilitates the acquisition of laparoscopy skills. Finally, the CMAS compiled a multimedia library of resources. While many skills can be gained in these synthetic and didactic environments, they cannot provide all the preparation necessary to practise competently. To facilitate the realtime observation of surgical procedures and the telementoring process, the CMAS has commissioned the development of an integrated videoconferencing system that permits the high-quality, rapid transfer of multi-feed video and audio data of surgical procedures from an operating room to the classroom.

General Surgery↗
PubMed1989

The determinants of food choices of the elderly.

The increase in individuals over 60 years of age in America must cause professionals from the fields of nutrition, food science, food systems management and the food industry to consider the determinants of food choices and the effects on the overall health and well-being of elderly citizens and those soon to be in their mature years. Income, household composition, food preferences, time, technology, education, good health, attitudes, physiological changes in vision, hearing, taste and smell, psychological and sociological factors all affect the food choices of the elderly.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

[Rural internship in dentistry in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil].

This paper describes a rural internship experience developed between 1998 and 1993 by the School of Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro State University. The objective of this program was to raise the social consciousness of undergraduate students. Extramural activities were carried out in the form of supervised 3-month internships in the dentistry services offered by public health units at several locations in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Besides working in the clinics, students took part in activities aimed at assessing oral health in the community, organizational and programmatic structures of the health services, and priorities, appropriate technology, education, and prevention in oral health. These internships integrated the critical thinking of professors, students, class associations, and service-providing institutions regarding the adequacy of education received by future dentists in addressing the true situation of oral health in the state of Rio de Janeiro.

Brazil↗
PubMed2002

Strategic alliance: adapting to the business environment in long-term care.

This article is addressed to long-term-care administrators and planners as well as purchasers of long-term care. Believing the current and future business environment will force continued adaptation in long-term-care organizations, the authors utilize nine categories to map pressures for change: cultural, technological, educational, political, legal, natural resource, demographic, sociologic, and economic. Long-term-care organizations, especially those that are not-for-profit, are becoming members of alliances as one way of addressing these pressures. This article describes and presents a case example of a composite alliance to demonstrate the advantages of membership in a strategic alliance. We also present examples of ways in which alliance members use strategic partnerships to improve their ability to manage these forces.

Commerce↗
PubMed1987

Why hospital linkages are increasing: sharing institutions and organizational environment.

This article is directed to hospital managers, investors, and corporate buyers of health care. The group includes financiers and managers, employees, and consumers of hospital services. Concentrating on the current and future environmental pressure in hospitals, the author utilized the categories of Kast and Rosenzweig to organize those pressures--specifically, a sample pressure in each of nine areas: cultural, technological, educational, political, legal, natural resource, demographic, sociological, and economic. Examples of how hospitals as "sharing institutions" will better be able to deal with these nine areas is also presented.

Hospital Administration↗
PubMed2002

A systems approach to improving error reporting.

The reporting of medical errors or near misses within a healthcare organization is one process that has been long overlooked. With strong leadership as its foundation, Baylor Health Care System addressed multiple systems and processes of technology, education, communication, learning, feedback, rewards, and recognition to demonstrate significant improvements in cost reduction, employee satisfaction, and the number of errors reported.

Hospital Information Systems↗
PubMed2003

Description of the oxygen concentration delivered using different combinations of oxygen reservoir volumes and supplemental oxygen flow rates with the Ohmeda Universal Portable Anesthesia Complete draw-over vaporizer system.

The Ohmeda Universal Portable Anesthesia Complete system is used in austere conditions where oxygen resources are limited and must be conserved. The purpose of this study was to describe the concentration of oxygen delivered with different combinations of seven oxygen reservoir volumes and four oxygen flow rates. The Medical Education Technologies Incorporated Human Patient Simulator reproduced human physiological tidal volumes of four simulated patients of different weights based upon a typical soldier's weight. Using least squares multiple nonlinear regression, a formula for the curves of the oxygen concentrations was developed. The analysis, across the different patient weights, showed no appreciable increase in oxygen concentration beyond a reservoir volume of 260 mL. Our findings suggest the current standard universal portable anesthesia complete reservoir may not provide optimal oxygen delivery, therefore, we recommend the current reservoir volume be increased from 130 to 260 mL.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed1992

Telepathology in Greece. Experience of the Metaxas Cancer Institute.

This paper deals with the description of a telecommunication project which is initiated by Metaxas Pathology Laboratory. In the first section we discuss a comprehensive computer supported information system which was installed in the laboratory. Special emphasis is given at the design of the communication subsystem. Then, the configuration of the diagnostic equipment is described. The last section of the paper focuses on the discussion of the experimental use of an integrated "low cost" system for interconnection among the Metaxas Pathology laboratory, the Pathology Department of the University of Crete, and the Technological Educational Institute (TEI) of Athens.

Cancer Care Facilities↗
PubMed2004

'Most wired' hospitals widen gap over others.

More than 90% of most wired conduct return-on-investment analyses to justify expenditures. Computerized physician order entry is 10 times more likely to be used at most wired organizations than at least wired facilities. Information technology education of staff takes high priority at hospitals ranking high in survey.

Benchmarking↗
PubMed1989

Library services available to practicing physicians.

Resource libraries offer a variety of services to practicing physicians. Most provide information concerning computer technology, educational services and medical networking. The services differ from library to library. This presentation summarizes the needs expressed by practicing physicians for information other than that available in their offices.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed1977

Foundations of medical librarianship.

The development of medical librarianship during the last forty years is examined as reflected in the changes of its resources, technology, education, and knowledge base. A shift from historical to scientific inquiry constitutes the direction of medical librarianship. Its nexus is the gathering of information and the transfer of knowledge. The social and human resources for this ongoing change and the basis for a quest for excellence is seen in the pool of talent represented by hospital librarians and the aspirations of the women's movement for equality.

Bibliographies as Topic↗
PubMed1974

Nonprint media as information resources: software and hardware.

Nonprint materials are rapidly becoming important information and learning resource materials for the health science library. Because of their long experience in organizing and utilizing informational materials, libraries represent highly appropriate repositories and sites for utilization of these new materials. Nonprint materials differ from printed materials in several ways, and this may account for the resistance of some librarians to dealing with them. One of the most important differences is that a machine must serve as mediator between the information and the user of nonprint materials. Also, the great variety of formats and machines can confuse the novice. The librarian must learn to deal with these differences in a creative way through a process of cooperation and collaboration with media and educational technology specialists.

Attitude↗
PubMed1979

Safety procedures in clinical laboratories.

Five types of hazards encountered in the clinical laboratory and a list of safety procedures designed to avoid or minimize them are identified. The safety procedures are written in a precise and easy-to-follow manner so that they can be adopted and used in any clinical laboratory. Medical technology educators are encouraged to teach safety procedures and enforce them in the student laboratory.

Accidents, Occupational↗