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Results for “EXPECTORANTS”

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At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Preliminary study of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia diagnosed by induced expectoration in HIV positive patients in Dakar].

Rapid noninvasive diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii from induced liquefied sputum is a very easy and not costly method. It was using for a first time at the Infectious Diseases Department at Dakar in 27 HIV seropositive patients from July to November 1992. Six cases of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) was diagnosed, with a prevalence of 22.2%. In this study PCP was found in both HIV-1 and HIV-2 patients. Clinical and radiological aspects are not specific. PCP was also found in patients with CD4 below than 200 per cubic millimeter. Co-infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis is possible.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Induced expectoration or endoscopic samples in case of bronchopulmonary infection?].

The aim of this study was to compare induced sputum versus bronchoscopy in a non selected population. An induced sputum and a bronchoscopy with aspiration of secretions and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were proposed to 30 patients with suspected lower respiratory tract infection, including 14 subjects with AIDS. Induced sputum failed in 3 patients, while endoscopy could not be performed (contra-indication, refusal or failure due to lack of cooperation) in 7 patients; a technical failure for BAL was observed in 3/23 cases. Contamination by oral germs was significantly less frequent with BAL (4/20) than with aspiration (15/23) or induced sputum (17/27). A relevant pathogen was cultured from induced sputum in 7/27 cases (3 mycobacteria, 4 usual pathogens) from aspiration in 3/23 cases (one mycobacterium, 2 usual pathogens) and from BAL in 4/20 cases (one mycobacterium, 3 usual pathogens). These results suggest that induced sputum is a promising method when difficulties in performing bronchoscopy are expected (severe respiratory insufficiency, psychiatric disease, lack of cooperation).

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid↗
PubMed1993

[Expectoration--an underestimated symptom?].

The prognostic value of pulmonary mucus hypersecretion is reviewed and is found to be considerable as regards COPD-mortality, -morbidity, and respiratory cancer. In contrast to previous belief, mucus hypersecretion cannot be considered a "harmless" respiratory symptom. The most efficacious intervention seems to be cessation of smoking, whereas little evidence is available supporting the benefit of long-term medical treatment or treatment involving chest physiotherapy.

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid↗
PubMed1996

[Chronic expectoration and risk of death in chronic obstructive lung disease].

UNLABELLED: We wished to determine whether excess COPD-related mortality in subjects with chronic mucus hypersecretion (CMH) could be explained by proneness to pulmonary infection. METHODS: 14,223 subjects of both sexes were followed for 10-12 years. Deaths with COPD as underlying or contributory cause (n = 214) were included and if death occurred in hospital, hospital records were obtained when possible (n = 101). From information regarding increased or purulent mucus, fever, leucocytosis and chest X-ray during hospital admission, death was classified as caused by pulmonary infection (n = 38), not caused by pulmonary infection (n = 51), or unclassifiable (n = 12). RESULTS: Of subjects reporting CMH, 54% died from pulmonary infection, whereas that was only the case for 28% of subjects without CMH (p < 0.01). Cox regression-analysis showed a strong inverse relationship between ventilatory function and COPD-related mortality. CMH was an independent predictor of death with pulmonary infection implicated (RR:3.5) but not of death without pulmonary infection (RR:0.9). CONCLUSION: COPD-patients with CMH are more likely to die from pulmonary infection than COPD-patients without CMH.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Treatment of patients with chronic pulmonary tuberculosis with expectoration--evaluation of effectiveness].

48 patients with chronic pulmonary tuberculosis (10 women and 38 men) aged between 22 and 87 years were treated. They were sputum culture positive from 1 to 12 years (x = 3.6). In chronics all patients but one were resistant to one or more drugs (average to 4 drugs). Control group consisted of 29 patients with recently diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis sensitive to all drugs. Treatment of chronics based on: selection of drugs according to susceptibility test, using of 4-6 antituberculous drugs, treatment for not less than one year after sputum culture conversion. Control group was treated with standard therapy consisted of 3 or 4 drugs. Out of 48 chronics 13 patients dropped out due to: drug toxicity in 5 cases, noncompliance in 5 cases and death in 3 cases (in 2nd and 5th months of treatment). Of remaining 35 chronics sputum conversion was achieved in 30 cases (85.7%) average after 9 weeks. In control group 3 patients died during 2 weeks of treatment and remaining patients became sputum culture negative after average 6 weeks. Difference is significant (p = 0.006).

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Treatment of patients for chronic pulmonary tuberculosis with expectoration--selection and tolerance to drugs].

In retrospective analysis of 48 patients with chronic pulmonary tuberculosis we concluded that in spite of increasing drug resistance to first line drugs only 52% chronics received other than first line antituberculous drugs. Our treatment was based on the selection of drugs according to susceptibility tests. 4-6 drugs were used at the beginning of treatment. 13 patient were excluded of the group. Of remaining 35 chronics sputum conversion was achieved in 30 cases (85.7%). Our successful treatment of patients with chronic tuberculosis was based on the following principles: treatment with other than first line antituberculous drugs and treatment with the combination of 5 or 6 drugs selected on susceptibility tests in the initial phase continuing with 2-3 drugs for 12-18 months after sputum conversion. Ofloxacin improves the efficacy of regimens used for treatment of chronic tuberculosis.

Antitubercular Agents↗
PubMed1997

[Reasons for chronic expectoration in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis registered in the Central Tuberculosis Registry].

The aim of the retrospective population-based study was to identify reasons for failure of sputum culture negativity from the 12th month on since the start of chemotherapy of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Medical records of 97 patients with PTB (85 men and 12 women) remaining sputum culture positive for over 12 months, reported to the Central TB Registry (1988-1990), were reviewed. The mean age was 46.7 years. There were 39.2% blue collar workers, 18.6% peasants, 21.6% unemployed, 14.4% pensioners. Only 4.1% constituted persons with education above elementary level. 44 patients abused alcohol, 13 of them had severe alcohol related health problems. Initial susceptibility tests were done in 79 subjects, showing resistance to at least one drug in 15. In 21 subjects the new resistance occurred during observation. The mean period until conversion of sputum culture was 23.5 months. Sputum culture conversion was finally achieved in 63 (64.9%) subjects. The reasons for delayed sputum culture conversion were identified in 86 persons. The main reason for long duration of positive sputum culture in 75 (87.2%) subjects was poor compliance. In 7 (8.1%) cases evident treatment error was relevant. Serious adverse reactions to drugs were responsible in 4 (4.6%).

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Reasons for chronic expectoration--case reports].

To illustrate reasons for chronic culture positive pulmonary tuberculosis 4 patients are presented. In two cases the reasons for treatment failure were on the doctors' side. In one case a doctor used an insufficient number of drugs, in the second case the treatment was too short. In the third case there were more than one reason for treatment failure: the patients' poor compliance, and the doctors' fault: an inadequate choice of drugs. In the last case adverse reactions to drugs caused the treatment failure.

Adult↗