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At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

A comparative study on egg hatching methods and oncosphere viability determination for Taenia solium eggs.

The efficiencies of an enzyme method and the sodium hypochlorite method in hatching eggs of Taenia solium (Henan strain) were compared. The viability of the hatched oncospheres was determined by staining with trypan blue. For the former method, the hatching rate and viability percentage were 85.7% and 79.7%, respectively. The corresponding figures for the latter method were 97.9% and 86.7%, respectively. These findings indicate that the sodium hypochlorite method is a simple, efficient and practical method for hatching eggs of Taenia solium.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Emergence of sperm from female storage sites has egg-influenced and egg-independent phases in Drosophila melanogaster.

The coordinated introduction of sperm and eggs is a prerequisite of high fertilization efficiency. In Drosophila melanogaster, as in most internally fertilizing animals, mated females store sperm prior to fertilization. Yet the regulation of sperm exit from these storage sites is poorly understood. To test one likely factor that could coordinate gamete availability, we quantified sperm exit from storage in three types of female: genetically matched females that were normal or eggless, and an additional wild-type control. Long-term depletion of sperm stores in normal females and eggless females occurs at similar rates. However, soon after mating, egg presence appears to accelerate the transition from one storage stage to the next. Since male ejaculate components and female factors contribute to sperm depletion, opportunities exist for both cooperation and conflict between the sexes in sperm storage dynamics.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Ant-egg cataract. A study of a family with dominantly inherited congenital (ant-egg) cataract, including a histological examination of the formed elements.

A family with "ant-egg" cataract in three generations is described. The cataract is congenital, probably of autosomal dominant inheritance. Light microscopy of the ant-eggs showed that they are made up of a peripheral zone of lens material and a large almost homogenous centre. Element analysis by X-ray spectrophotometry showed a high content of calcium and phosphorus in the centre. The cataract has been easy to operate on and the postoperative visual results have been good.

Calcium↗
PubMed1997

Characterization and application of an avian in vitro spermatozoa-egg interaction assay using the inner perivitelline layer from laid chicken eggs.

The inner perivitelline layer, separated from laid chicken eggs, was investigated as readily available material for studying the spermatozoa-egg interaction in vitro. This layer was found to have a similar response to hydrolysis by spermatozoa as the inner perivitelline layer from ovulated and follicular ova, in terms of the numbers of points of hydrolysis made by spermatozoa during a 5 min incubation at 40 degrees C. Initiation of hydrolysis of the inner perivitelline layer was found to occur within 2.5 min, after which the size, but not the number of holes, increased with time. The frequency of the points of hydrolysis per unit area of the inner perivitelline layer was positively correlated with the concentration of spermatozoa in the incubation medium. The perivitelline hydrolysis assay was able to detect more damaged spermatozoa in samples that had been either stored at 5 degrees C or cryopreserved in liquid N2 than did other tests of sperm quality, which are known to overestimate the fertilizing ability of stored avian semen.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Nitrate toxicity on visceral organs of Medaka fish, Oryzias latipes: aiming to raise fish from egg to egg in space.

Histological survey was made to determine nitrate toxicity on the Medaka fish, Oryzias latipes. In order to investigate the effects of short-term exposure to nitrate, one-month-old Medaka fish was exposed to NaNO3 at concentrations of 100 and 125 mg NO3-N l-1 for 96 hours. At the end of the exposure period, survival rate was found to be 30% and 10%, for the 100 and 125 mg NO3-N l-1 exposure concentrations, respectively. Histological examination of the organs showed that disruption of cell alignment was a common feature in the gills, intestinal ampulla, liver and kidney. A long-term exposure experiment was also carried out, whereby Medaka fish was exposed to NaNO3 (100 and 125 mg NO3-N l-1) for three months from its egg stage. Eggs treated with NaNO3 hatched within 10 days after fertilization. At the end of the exposure period, survival rate in the 100 and 125 mg NO3-N l-1 treatments were 40% and 30%, respectively. Fibrosis of the hepatic cells and curved spinal column were observed in the juveniles subjected to long-term nitrate exposure. The results of our experiments suggest that the high mortality resulting from short-term acute exposure to nitrate is caused by general dysfunction throughout the whole body. The chronic toxic effects attributed to nitrate, following long-term exposure, were likely to have resulted from nutrient deficiency caused by hepatic dysfunction.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Eosinophil chemotactic factor in schistosome eggs: a comparative study of eosinophil chemotactic factors in the eggs of Schistosoma japonicum and S. mansoni in vitro.

Significant chemotactic activity for eosinophils was detected in soluble egg antigen (SEA) preparations of both Schistosoma japonicum and S. mansoni in dose-dependent fashion. The activity of S. japonicum SEA was higher than that of S. mansoni SEA. Gel filtration on Sephadex G-150 showed that S. japonicum SEA was composed of two groups of eosinophil chemotactic factors (ECFs), one of high molecular weight (JEE-H) and the other of low molecular weight (JEE-L). S. mansoni SEA showed ECF composition similar to that of S. japonicum SEA. JEE-H was stable on heating (100 degrees C, 60 min) and resistant to pronase digestion, but was sensitive to periodate oxidation. JEE-L was also stable on heating and resistant to pronase and carboxypeptidase A digestions. These properties of the ECFs were also held in common with those of S. mansoni SEA. JEE-L was extractable by toluene, indicating a hydrophobic nature. These results suggest that schistosome eggs themselves contain ECFs, and that the composition of S. mansoni and S. japonicum SEA-derived ECFs is essentially the same. However, they differ from the other ECFs which have already been described in schistosome infections.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Schistosoma mansoni: the host immune response to egg antigens. I. Partial characterization of cellular and humoral responses to pI fractions of soluble egg antigens.

Soluble egg Ag (SEA) were separated according to charge by agarose-IEF (A-IEF) in order to partially characterize those antigenic determinants that may elicit the granulomatous response in schistosomiasis mansoni. Coomassie blue-stained A-IEF gels of SEA showed that this technique was able to resolve multiple isobands. A-IEF gels were sliced into 18 or 36 fractions from anode to cathode, and the SEA components from the isoelectric point (pI) fractions were eluted from gels in a manner that allowed for their direct utilization in both cellular and in humoral immunoassays. Only Ag in two distinct pI ranges consistently elicited lymphoproliferative responses, with the major stimulatory fractions being in the acid (3.5 to 5.0) range. Lymphocytes from mice infected for 10 wk had higher proliferative responses to both SEA and fractionated Ag in this acid pI range when compared to lymphocytes from mice infected for 25 wk; however, the latter had an enhanced response to Ag with a pI range of 6.2 to 6.4. In contrast to the cellular responses, the corresponding sera from these mice, or from schistosome-infected patients, recognized Ag in all pI fractions as determined by ELISA. However, although protective and nonprotective mAb (which recognize an egg Ag that cross-reacts with a 38-kDa schistosomular Ag) bound to most acidic fractions, only the nonprotective mAb (which also recognize determinants on keyhole limpet hemocyanin), bound, in addition, to fractions in the basic range. Finally, the m.w. of Ag in the various pI fractions were determined by SDS-PAGE analysis.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Comparison of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using crude S. haematobium soluble egg antigen with a radioimmunoassay using purified S. mansoni egg antigen for the serodiagnosis of schistosomiasis haematobium.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using crude Schistosoma haematobium soluble egg antigen (ShSEA) was compared with a radioimmunoassay (RIA) employing purified heterologous species S. mansoni egg antigen (MSA1) for the serodiagnosis of schistosomiasis haematobium in a group of 45 Nigerian school children living in an area endemic for S. haematobium. Both assay systems appeared applicable. The ELISA proved to be more sensitive detecting 100% of the 27 parasitologically positive individuals while the RIA defined 89% of this group. Neither test had false-positive results for the 10 non-endemic area parasitologically negative controls, although the ELISA demonstrated that 56% of the 18 endemic area parasitologically negative controls had anti-ShSEA antibodies. The RIA indicated that 44% of this group had anti-MSA1 antibodies. These latter findings were interpreted as related to the hyperendemicity of schistosomiasis haematobium for the study area.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Antigenic activities of eggs, egg membranes, metabolic products and hatched larvae from the uterus of dipetalonema viteae (author's transl)].

Eggs of different stages of development, egg membranes, and the fluid isolated from uterus and pseudocoelomic cavity show antigenic properties against sera from Wuchereriasis- and Onchocerciasis-patients in the indirect immunofluorescent test, while hatched larvae did not show any fluorescence. Isolation and simple drying of these antigenic materials on microscopic slides when compared with histologically prepared antigenic material (Methacrylate or cryostate-sections) proved to have quantitatively and qualitatively equal antigenic properties in the immunofluorescent test with considerable technical, time and money saving advantages. These observations indicate further that the elements of the female reproductive system are group specific antigens responsible for the immune response in the host.

Antigens↗
PubMed1986

31P-NMR characterization of hen egg yolk and egg white.

The avian egg is an isolated system where embryonic development can easily be studied. Furthermore, the system can be subjected to various environmental constraints. Its size is such that it can easily be accommodated in most NMR instruments. This is demonstrated by a recent 31P-NMR surface coil experiment where the increase of embryo size and development could be judged by the levels of ATP and phosphocreatine (Belton, P.S., Gordon, R.E., Jones, J.M. and Shaw, D. (1983) Br. Poult. Sci. 24, 429-433).

Animals↗
PubMed1961

The structure of the yolk of the hen's egg as studied by electron microscopy. I. The yolk of the unincubated egg.

A description of the fine structure of the yolk of the unincubated hen's egg has been provided, which will serve as a basis for further studies on yolk digestion. The gross components of the yolk (that is, free-floating lipid drops, yellow and white yolk spheres together with their enclosed lipid subdroplets, and aqueous protein fluid) could be recognized by phase contrast and low power electron microscopy. The majority of the lipid drops, whether free floating or enclosed within yolk spheres, were composed of particles about 30 to 60 A in diameter. The protein component of the yolk was found to consist of round profiles about 250 A in diameter. The surfaces of the yolk spheres were of three types, and it is difficult to decide which represents the true structure although reasons are given for believing that yolk spheres are not normally enclosed by membranes identical with cell membranes.

Allergens↗
PubMed2004

Bull semen in vitro fertility after cryopreservation using egg yolk LDL: a comparison with Optidyl, a commercial egg yolk extender.

Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) have been previously isolated and identified as the cryoprotective fraction of yolk. The effect of LDL on sperm motility after freezing-thawing has been reported, but no study has been made to assess the effect of LDL on bull semen fertility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the fertility of bull semen cryopreserved in the presence of LDL. Motility of semen cryopreserved in LDL was analyzed and compared to semen cryopreserved with Optidyl, a commercial extender containing egg yolk. To evaluate the fertilizing ability of semen, we used in vitro fertilization test, whereas acrosome and plasma membrane integrity were also evaluated. The percentage of motile spermatozoa was two fold higher after freezing in LDL than in Optidyl 54.4% versus 30.2% (P < 0.05). The cleavage rate was significantly higher after fertilization with semen frozen in LDL than with Optidyl 63.0% versus 54.8% (P < 0.05). No significant difference was observed on the blastocyst rate after in vitro culture. Integrity of the acrosome and the plasma membrane were maintained in both extenders. In conclusion, LDL preserve bull semen quality and fertilizing ability, allowing also better semen motility, after the freeze-thaw process.

Acrosome↗
PubMed1989

Chicken egg antibodies for prophylaxis and therapy of infectious intestinal diseases. II. In vitro studies on gastric and enteric digestion of egg yolk antibodies specific against pathogenic Escherichia coli strains.

Specific antibodies directed against enterotoxic E. coli strains from the yolk of immunized hens were exposed in vitro to the influence of varying digestive phenomena like reduction of pH and proteolytic digestion. The remaining antibody activity was tested in a specific ELISA system. It could be shown that already within the stomach a considerable loss in antibody activity caused by a lowering of pH and peptic cleavage can be expected. A further loss in antibody activity is due to the proteolytic effect of the pancreas proteases trypsin and chymotrypsin. It was found that antibodies in protein rich solutions like egg or yolk suspensions were more resistant than mere globulin fractions or antibodies isolated by affinity chromatography. Prospects for further in vivo tests are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

PBB fed to adult female chickens: its effect on egg production, reproduction, viability of offspring, and residues in tissues and eggs.

Two experiments with light breed laying chickens fed polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) as FireMaster FF-1. The first involved feeding PBB at dietary levels of 0.2, 1, 5, 25, 125, 625, and 3125 ppm, the second involved levels of 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120. Each group had 24 hens, and each experiment had a control group of 24 hens. PBB diets were fed for 5 weeks. Feed intake, production, reproduction, tissue residues and viability of offspring were monitored during that time and a subsequent 8 weeks. Production, hatchability, and viability of offspring were significantly affected by feeding PBB at 45 ppm. Marked inanition occurred at levels of 625 and 3125 ppm, and there was some loss of feed intake at 125 ppm. There was a return to normal production and hatchability in 3 to 4 weeks after PBB withdrawal of diets with levels of 125 ppm or less. Dose--response lines are presented for PBB in muscle, liver, kidney, adipose tissue, and eggs. Withdrawal curves for PBB from these tissues are also given.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1993

Hen egg-white lysozyme-specific T cells elicited in hen egg-white lysozyme-transgenic mice retain an imprint of self-tolerance.

The characteristics of T cell self-tolerance were examined in hen egg-white lysozyme (HEL)-transgenic (Tg) mice that were tolerant to a dose of HEL that was immunogenic in non-Tg littermates. HEL-specific T cells were identified in the periphery of the Tg mice after immunization with 100-times more HEL than was required to achieve a response in normal littermates. The Tg T cells were functional in vivo as they were capable of providing help to generate a HEL-specific antibody response. Selective deletion of T cells specific for the dominant T cell determinant of the native protein was not the primary mechanism of T cell tolerance in the HEL-Tg mice because, similar to non-Tg littermates, the majority of lymph node (LN) and T cell clones from HEL-Tg mice were specific for the dominant T cell determinant of HEL. Rather, our findings support the idea that the HEL-reactive T cells were anergic in vivo, but could be partially activated with a strong stimulus to the immune system (i.e., 20 nmol HEL and CFA). This conclusion is based on three observations: 1) proliferation in vitro to HEL by Tg LN T cells was subnormal (25% of control) and required 2 log more Ag to proliferate when compared with proliferation of LN from non-Tg littermates; 2) T cell clones isolated from HEL-Tg mice also proliferated poorly upon stimulation with HEL and Con A, although lymphokine production from the same stimuli was similar to that obtained from non-Tg clones; 3) invariably, upon repeated antigenic stimulation in vitro, the Tg T cell clones acquired full proliferative capacity to Ag and mitogens.

Animals↗