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At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Two cases of leiomyosarcoma of the duodenum].

Two cases of a leiomyosarcoma of the duodenum are reported. The first patient, a seventy-year-old woman, had experienced repeated instances of melena. She was diagnosed as having a leiomyosarcoma of the duodenum preoperatively, and was successfully given a pancreatoduodenectomy. The second patient, a fifty-one year-old woman, also had experienced instances of melena. Similarly, she was diagnosed an having leiomyosarcoma of the duodenum preoperatively, and was given a partial gastrectomy. A pathological examination showed little mitosis in either patient. The first patient is still alive three months after the operation, and the second patient also has been surviving for twelve years postoperatively.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Cephalic pancreatectomy with conservation of the duodenum in chronic pancreatitis with inflammatory lesions of the head of pancreas. Results of 15 years' experience].

In 122 patients with severe chronic pancreatitis and inflammatory enlargement of the head of the pancreas a duodenum-preserving resection of the pancreatic head was performed. Postoperative hospitalization was 16 days in median, the frequency of re-operation was 4.9%. In the early postoperative phase one patient died and hospital mortality amounted to 0.8%. Following a medium follow-up period of 4.2 years (min. 6 months, max. 15 years) 7 patients died (late mortality 4.9%). 77% of the patients were completely free of abdominal pain, 84% went back to their previous occupation. During the follow-up period in 81% of the patients the glucose metabolism was unchanged, in 13% it deteriorated, and in 5% it improved permanently; 80% of the patients had a marked increase in weight averaging 8.7 kg. Compared to the Whipple procedure the duodenum-preserving resection of the head of the pancreas spares the patient with chronic pancreatitis a gastric resection, the duodenectomy, and the resection of the extrahepatic bile ducts. The limited operative intervention at the head of the pancreas in terms of a subtotal resection and the preservation of the duodenum explains the low early and late postoperative morbidity and mortality.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[The role of the beta-adrenoreceptors in the smooth-muscle reactions of the stomach, pyloric sphincter and duodenum to serotonin administration].

Subcutaneous administration of serotonin (10 mg/kg) altered myoelectrical activity of the stomach, pylorus and duodenum in rabbits causing a discoordination of gastroduodenal motor activity. During activation of beta-Adrenoceptors serotonin induced discoordination superimposed on disturbance of normal coordination of the stomach, pylorus and duodenum induced with isopropylnoradrenaline. beta-Adrenoceptor blockade decreased the degree of serotonin-induced discoordination between motility of the stomach and duodenum as concerns the rhythmic component of their activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Effects of experimental duodenal occlusion on electrical activity of the proximal duodenum in cattle.

An electromyographic study of the proximal duodenum in cattle is presented. Changes of motility patterns were studied after induced mechanical obstruction of the descending duodenum in five healthy cows. Special attention was paid to the ratio of antegrade and retrograde motility. Induced duodenal obstruction of which the duration was at most 48 hours, resulted in abrupt disorganisation of the migrating myoelectric complexes; the phases of regular spiking activity disappeared completely or reappeared in a disorganised pattern, and the phases of irregular spiking activity consisted of repetitive groups of spike bursts with prolonged duration and increased propagation velocity. Retrograde peristaltic contractions in the proximal duodenum were observed. Relief of obstruction resulted in a rapid reorganisation of the cyclic pattern of the migrating myoelectric complexes, which indicates normalisation of intestinal activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Effect of hydrocortisone on the development of embryonic chick duodenum--transmission electron microscope studies.

The effect of hydrocortisone on morphological changes in developing chick embryo was observed by transmission electron microscopy and immunohistologically with antiserum of actin. The morphological changes were more remarkable in the hydrocortisone-dosed 19th day embryonic duodenum. This hormone caused increase in the height and length of microvilli in absorptive epithelial cells. The development of organella such as Mitochondria, Golgi's apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum in the absorptive epithelial cells were enhanced. Injection of this hormone also induced an increase in microfilamentus bundles in the microvilli of absorptive epithelial cells. These morphological features of hydrocortisone-dosed 19th day embryonic duodenum indicated similar ones to the chicken at the stage of normal just hatching or 1st day after hatching. These results strongly support the previous suggestion that hydrocortisone may be one of the important factors regulating normal development in chick embryonic duodenum and may exert a major influence on the rapid growth and maturation of absorptive epithelial cells.

Actins↗
PubMed1987

[Significance of alkali secretion in acid tolerance of the rabbit duodenum].

Different rates of alkaline secretion and their effect on acid tolerance were investigated in segments of proximal duodenum of anaesthetized New Zealand white rabbits in situ. Metabolic alkalosis and glucagon led to a significant increase in alkaline secretion, while metabolic acidosis, vasopressin and furosemide significantly reduced alkaline secretion. Mucosal blood flow was significantly increased by glucagon and decreased by vasopressin. Alkaline secretion after an acid challenge was significantly higher than preacid secretion in animals with metabolic alkalosis, glucagon and NaCl, whereas vasopressin reduced alkaline secretion significantly. No significant change was observed during treatment with furosemide or metabolic acidosis. After perfusion with acid, 51.8% of the villi showed superficial damage (stage 1) under control conditions. Damage was significantly reduced after administration of bicarbonate or glucagon, while NH4Cl, vasopressin or furosemide increased damage both quantitatively and qualitatively. There was a direct linear correlation between the degree of damage and alkaline secretion. The proximal duodenum showed considerably less damage than the distal segment. We conclude that a decrease in alkaline secretion is associated with a reduced tolerance of duodenal mucosa to luminal acid, whereas stimulation of alkaline secretion improves mucosal protection. These results support the hypothesis that alkaline secretion is an important factor in the protection of the duodenum against luminal acid.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1987

The effect of acid perfusion on mucosal blood flow and intramural pH of rabbit duodenum.

To evaluate the role of blood flow for acid tolerance of the duodenal mucosa, we perfused the duodenums of anesthetized rabbits with different concentrations of hydrochloric acid (HCl). Acid perfusion stimulated blood flow to the duodenal wall in a concentration-dependent fashion up to 80 mmol/L HCl (0 mmol/L; 0.44 +/- 0.05, 10 mmol/L; 0.84 +/- 0.14, 50 mmol/L; 1.44 +/- 0.11, 80 mmol/L; 2.03 +/- 0.12, 100 mmol/L; 1.82 +/- 0.07 ml/gm/min X +/- SEM). The pH in the lamina propria of the mucosa, which was measured with antimony microelectrodes was not changed in experiments during perfusion with 50 and with 80 mmol/L HCl in normotension. Acidosis in the lamina propria could be demonstrated only when the duodenum was perfused with 100 and with 80 mmol/L HCl combined with hemorrhagic hypotension. Damage to the mucosa, which developed after 30 and 60 minutes of acid perfusion, also showed a H+-dependent pattern. Reduction of blood flow by hemorrhagic hypotension aggravated the morphologic damage. We conclude that luminal acid stimulates blood flow in the duodenum. The decrease in blood flow induced by hypotension results in a greater susceptibility to mucosal damage.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Effect of pentagastrin on the myoelectric activity of the pyloric sphincter, body of the stomach and the duodenum].

In chronic experiments on rabbits, i.v. administration of the pentagastrin (0.01-1.0 micrograms/kg) exerted inhibitory effects on the myoelectrical activity of the pylorus and stomach, whereas the effect of pentagastrin on the duodenum was rather activating. The threshold dose of pentagastrin for pylorus was 5 times smaller than for the duodenum and 10 times smaller than for the stomach. Possible mechanisms of the pentagastrin effect on the contractile activity of the pylorus, stomach and duodenum smooth muscles, are discussed.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1979

Effect of monopolar electrocoagulation on esophagus, stomach and duodenum in dogs.

The effects of electrocoagulation on the esophagus, stomach and duodenum of mongrel dogs were studied. A commercially available electrocoagulator unit and suction electrode were used. Various dial settings and duration times were used. The total number of sites electrocoagulated was 945; histologic section of each site was prepared. A dial setting of 7 and duration of 5 seconds was safe for the canine esophagus and duodenum; for the stomach it is a dial setting of 7 and duration of 3 seconds. This information will be useful in safe application of electrocoagulation to superficial bleeding lesions in the canine esophagus, stomach and duodenum.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The sites in the duodenum of receptor areas which affect abomasal emptying in the calf.

Calves were prepared with abomasal and duodenal cannulae to assess the effects on abomasal emptying of duodenal infusates at different rates and different sites. In two calves infusions of isotonic NaHCO3 or 60 mM HCl 30 cm distal to the pylorus were as effective in controlling abomasal emptying as infusions of the duodenum from 5 cm distal to the pylorus, and in three other calves they were as effective as perfusing the whole duodenum including the most proximal 5 cm. Reducing the rate of duodenal infusion of 60 mM HCl from 10 to 2.5 ml/min diminished its effect from total inhibition of gastric emptying to slight or negligible inhibition. The stimulation of gastric emptying by duodenal infusion of isotonic NaHCO3 solution was undiminished by reduced rates of infusion. It is proposed that in the calf receptors which activate and inhibit gastric emptying are present throughout the duodenum.

Abomasum↗
PubMed1977

[The role of the duodenum in the regulation of the lower esophagus sphincter].

Instillation of a 20% peptone solution into the isolated duodenum causes a significant increase of LES-pressure in the dog. No comparable increase of LES-pressure after instillation of a 0.9% saline solution into the duodenum or of 20% peptone solution into the stomach is observed. As shown in this investigation, it is possible that the duodenum regulates the LES-pressure in the dog.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The suspensory muscle of the duodenum.

The suspensory muscle of the duodenum continues the muscular layers of the duodenum, which is consequently surrounded on its mesenteric border only by the muscularis mucosae. Between the muscle bundles of the suspensor there is much loose connective and adipose tissue. Microganglions of no more than 90 cells may be found between the muscle bundles of the suspensor. In their superior part, the muscle bundles have connective sheaths, which are continuous with the adventitia of the aorta and celiac trunk. It is most probable that the suspensor acts like a sphincter and is innervated contrarily to the duodenum.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[The relationship in the diurnal rhythm of electrical and mechanical activity between the stomach and the duodenum in dogs].

Simultaneous 24 hrs' polygraphic recording of the electrical potentials and the contractions of the stomach and duodenum was done in the unanesthetized state of mongrel dogs with chronically implanted electrodes and their interrelationship between these two organs was studied. The results obtained were as follows: In contrast to the diurnal rhythm of gastric activity after feeding, the frequency of the duodenal basic electric rhythm (BER) once increased immediately after feeding and thereafter gradually decreased during the fed state. A negative correlation was found with statistical significance between the frequencies of the gastric and duodenal BERs during the fed state. Tachygastria exhibiting the high frequency BER appeared in the antrum at the silent period of the fasting state, while any similar phenomena were not observed in the duodenum. In the fasting state, the interdigestive migrating contraction (IMC) occurred periodically and synchronously with each other of the two organs. Regarding each contraction, the duodenal contraction was inhibited at a strong contraction of the stomach. These results suggest that the BERs of the stomach and duodenum are not directly propagated to each other and that some reciprocal interaction between the two organs may come out in the fed state probably by reflexes via intramural nerve plexuses.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1983

Demonstration of a pH gradient at the luminal surface of rat duodenum in vivo and its dependence on mucosal alkaline secretion.

The relationship between surface epithelial alkaline secretion and pH at the mucosal cell surface was studied in the duodenum of anesthetized rats. Alkaline secretion was measured by direct titration in situ using perfused segments of duodenum just distal to the Brunner gland area and devoid of pancreatic and biliary HCO3-. Mucosal surface pH was measured by advancing a pH-sensitive antimony microelectrode from the luminal solution to the mucosal cell surface during continuous recording of pH. Acidification of the luminal solution markedly stimulated epithelial alkaline secretion: a change of luminal pH from 7.60 to 5.00 by approximately 100%, and from pH 7.60 to 2.00 by approximately 600%. Maximal pH in the immediate vicinity of the (luminal) cell surface remained at or slightly above neutrality during exposure to both luminal acidities. Prostaglandins (E2, 16,16-dimethyl E2, and F2 alpha, 3-140 microM luminally) increased the rate of alkaline secretion, surface alkalinity, and thickness of the pH gradient. Acetazolamide (40-80 mg/kg, i.v.) was a much more potent inhibitor of prostaglandin or acid-stimulated secretion than of basal alkaline secretion and decreased surface pH in acid-exposed duodenum. Aspirin (30 mg/kg, i.v.) had no effect on basal alkaline secretion (titrated at luminal pH 7.60) but significantly inhibited secretion at luminal pH 2.00, resulting in a decrease of surface pH. These data suggest that endogenous prostaglandins may be involved in mediating the alkaline response to luminal acid. Furthermore, because it is quantitatively sufficient to maintain neutral pH at the mucosal cell surface at luminal acidities normally encountered within the duodenal bulb, epithelial alkaline secretion presumably has an important role in duodenal protection against acid.

Acetazolamide↗
PubMed1984

[Characteristics of the topographic interrelation of the head of the pancreas and the duodenum and pathology of the organs of the pancreatoduodenal area].

Seventy pancreatoduodenal complexes of 55 patients with chronic pancreatitis and tumours of this zone and 15 patients died from other diseases are studies histotopographically . The pieces of the pancreatic head tissue in the medial wall of the duodenum were found in 12 cases of the first group and in 4 control cases. The pancreatic tissue consisted either of all elements of this organ or cystically dilated ducts and seemed to infiltrate different layers of the duodenum wall. Three variants of the pancreatic head structure are suggested on the basis of anatomo-topographical interrelationships of the pancreatic head and duodenum. In 12 out of 14 cases chronic pancreatitis and carcinoma of organs of this zone were combined with the variants of the pancreatic head structure, in 2 cases there was a true heterotopy . Pathogenetic significance of these variants for the development of chronic pancreatitis is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Homeostasis of glucose and gastric resection. The influence of the food passage through the duodenum (author's transl)].

In 45 patients there was performed an oral glucose tolerance test after different types of gastric resection (Billroth I, Billroth II, total gastrectomy with a reconstitution with preservation of the food passage through the duodenum, total gastrectomy with exclusion of the duodenum). Additionally some patients with the same type of resection but with different types of stomach disease were investigated. The following results were achieved: 1. An increasingly reduction of the gastric remnant - 60% resection (B I), 75% resection (B II), total gastrectomy - leads after an oral glucose load to increasingly more rapid rise of blood glucose as well as to increasingly higher peak values of blood glucose concentration. 2. In patients with preserved food passage through the duodenum the oral glucose tolerance is significantly better and the secretory capacity of the beta-cells is significantly higher. 3. In spite of the same type of gastric resection patients with different types of stomach disease have as well as different patterns of oral glucose tolerance curve. Patients with Billroth II - gastric resection because of duodenal ulcer have significant more frequently a late postprandial hypoglycemia (without preceding hyperglycemia) than the patients with Billroth II because of ulcer/neoplasma ventriculi.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

(Gln4)-neurotensin changes the motility pattern of the duodenum and proximal jejunum from a fasting-type to a fed-type.

The effect of (Gln4)-neurotensin on the motor activities of the duodenum and small proximal jejunum was investigated in 8 healthy volunteers who fasted for at least 8 h. Motor activity was monitored by measuring the intraluminal pressure at three levels. The proximal site for pressure recording was in the first part of the duodenum, the middle was at the angle of Treitz, and the distal was 25 cm further down. Under control conditions the median time between the migrating motility complexes was 106.3 min. (Gln4)(-Neurotensin, 3 or 6 pmol/kg . min, infused intravenously for 200 min inhibited the migrating motor complexes for 220.4 min (median time) and they were replaced by irregular pressure waves with a frequency of 4-7 waves/min. The plasma concentration of neurotensinlike immunoreactivity increased from 13 +/- 2.8 pM to 131 +/- 6 pM and 231 +/- 16 pM, respectively. Ingestion of fat (55 ml 20% Intralipid) inhibited the migrating motor complex for 196.1 min (median time) and the migrating motor complexes were replaced by irregular pressure waves. The data show that (Gln4)-neurotensin alters the motility pattern in the duodenum and proximal jejunum in man from a fasting- to a fed-type. They further support the contention that neurotensin may function as an endocrine hormone participating in the postprandial regulation of intestinal motility.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Comparative studies on the transmural potential difference and the intensity of the short-circuit current between the duodenum and the ileum of pigeon.

The transmural potential difference (PD), short circuit current intensity (Isc) and tissue resistance has been studied in duodenum and ileum of pigeon (Columbia livia var domestica) in media of different ionic compositions. When the tissue is incubated in a standard solution, the PD across the duodenum is approximately zero, while across the ileum is 7.2 mV (serosa positive with respect to mucosa). The PD and Isc measurements in duodenum in the absence of sodium on one hand and in the absence of chlorine on the other, reveal the existence of an active sodium absorption from mucosa to serosa, which draws chlorine along in the same direction. When sodium is substituted in the ileon (Tris as substitute), the PD and the Isc show a marked increase in serosa negativity. In the absence of the chloride ion sulphate as substitute) in ileon the PD and the Isc tend to zero, which indicate that the presence of the ion is necessary for the sodium transport.

Animals↗