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At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Compatibility and stability of diazepam injection following dilution with intravenous fluids.

The compatibility and stability of diazepam injection were studied following dilution to 10 different concentrations in dextrose 5% in water, normal saline, Ringer's injection and lactated Ringer's injection. Prepared solutions were examined for clarity and pH throughout a 24-hour period. Clear solutions were filtered and then assayed 24 hours after preparation using UV spectrophotometry. Solutions which formed visible precipitates before 24 hours or which did not demonstrate acceptable potency (greater than or equal to 90%) were assayed after shorter time periods. Dilutions lower than 1:20 (5 mg in 20 ml) resulted in immediate visible precipitates in all four diluents. The 1:20 dilution was compatible with all four diluents and maintained acceptable potency for four hours, whereas at 1:40 dilution (5 mg in 40 ml) diazepam was stable for at least 6-8 hours in the same diluents. At higher dilutions of 1:50, 1:75 and 1:100 (5 mg in 50, 75 and 100 ml, respectively) the injection was compatible with and stable in all four diluents for 24 hours. Further studies are required before the use of diazepam injection as an infusion can be recommended. However, if in some circumstances it is necessary to administer diazepam as an infusion, it is recommended that it be diluted in dextrose 5% in water, normal saline, Ringer's injection or lactated Ringer's injection to a dilution of at least 1:40 and used within 6 hours or to a dilution of 1:50 and used within 24 hours.

Diazepam↗
PubMed1984

Safety of fenbendazole use in cattle.

Fenbendazole (Panacur: Hoechst) has a low degree of toxicity, teratogenicity and adverse effects on the reproductive tract, and a high degree of safety in experimental animals. Acute, subacute and long-term toxicity trials in cattle given fenbendazole at dosages of up to 2 g/kg revealed no adverse effects. Studies of teratogenicity, effects on fertility, compatibility with other drugs, and safety for animal handlers had similarly negative results.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1984

Compatibility of plastic infusion devices with diluted N-methylformamide and N,N-dimethylacetamide.

Leaching of the plasticizer di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) from i.v. sets and polyvinyl chloride bags was studied with solutions of a new anticancer drug, N-methylformamide (NMF), and N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA), a structurally related solvent used in the formulation of some anticancer drugs. Solutions of 0.9% sodium chloride, 5 and 10% DMA in 0.9% sodium chloride, and 20, 40, and 60% NMF in 0.9% sodium chloride were used to fill i.v. administration sets ( Venoset -60, Abbott Laboratories) and polyvinyl chloride bags ( Viaflex -500, Travenol Laboratories). The solutions were kept in the containers for 20 hours at ambient temperature. Simulated infusions were also studied using 0, 20, and 40% NMF plus 5 and 10% DMA in 0.9% sodium chloride; both glass bottles and Viaflex -500 bags were used with the i.v. administration sets. DEHP was assayed using gas chromatography. Very small or unmeasurable amounts of DEHP were leached into 0.9% sodium chloride and 5 or 10% DMA solutions during 20-hour storage. DEHP concentrations increased exponentially with increasing NMF concentrations after 20-hour storage in both the i.v. sets and bags. Similar results were found in the simulated-infusion portion of the study. DEHP extraction from i.v. sets and polyvinyl chloride bags containing NMF and DMA in 0.9% sodium chloride is related directly to the concentrations of these organic compounds. The amount of DEHP leached into solutions is important only for solutions containing 60% NMF.

Acetamides↗
PubMed1983

Compatibility and stability of labetalol hydrochloride in commonly used intravenous solutions.

Compatibility and stability of labetalol hydrochloride when mixed with commonly used large-volume parenterals (LVPs) were tested. Labetalol hydrochloride injection was added to 11 LVPs at concentrations of 1.25, 2.50, and 3.75 mg/ml. After initial samples were obtained, the admixtures were divided equally and stored for 72 hours at 4 degrees C and 25 degrees C. The initial samples and aliquots withdrawn at 6, 24, and 72 hours were frozen until analysis. The initial and 72-hour samples were analyzed for drug concentration, pH, osmolarity, and visual changes. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for the assay, and the American Public Health Association color-testing procedure was used in evaluating color. In the admixture with 5% sodium bicarbonate injection, a white precipitate formed within six hours. At both storage temperatures, the drug concentration in all other LVP solutions was not appreciably different from the initial concentration. No additional HPLC peaks were noted, and no measurable change in pH or osmolarity occurred. No haze, precipitate, or color change occurred in the 10 admixtures. Labetalol hydrochloride was stable for 72 hours at 4 degrees C and 25 degrees C in all i.v. solutions studied except 5% sodium bicarbonate injection.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1983

Stability and visual compatibility of bretylium tosylate with selected large-volume parenterals and additives.

The stability of bretylium tosylate when mixed with large-volume parenteral (LVP) solutions was assessed over a four-week period, and the compatibility of bretylium tosylate when mixed with eight frequently used drugs was evaluated. Bretylium tosylate admixtures of approximately 1 mg/ml were prepared in both polyvinyl chloride (PVC) bags and glass bottles of 5% dextrose injection, 0.9% sodium chloride injection, and lactated Ringer's injection. The admixtures were examined visually and stored for four weeks at 25 +/- 0.5 degree C under fluorescent light. The concentrations of bretylium tosylate were determined spectrophotometrically at times 0.25, 0.5, 1, 3, 8, 24, and 48 hours and twice weekly thereafter for four weeks. Spectrophotometric assays were confirmed with high-pressure liquid chromatography. Admixtures of bretylium tosylate were prepared with aminophylline, calcium gluconate, digoxin, regular insulin, lidocaine hydrochloride, phenytoin sodium, procainamide hydrochloride, and quinidine gluconate in 5% dextrose injection and 0.9% sodium chloride injection. The admixtures were examined visually for 48 hours. The concentration of bretylium tosylate did not change appreciably during the four-week study period. There were no signs of haze, precipitation, color change, or evolution of gas. There were no apparent differences in stability when comparing the glass with the PVC containers. Bretylium tosylate was also found to be compatible with all the additives tested except phenytoin sodium; a precipitate formed immediately when the latter drug was added to the bretylium tosylate solution. Bretylium tosylate was stable for four weeks in the LVP solutions studied in both glass and PVC containers. The admixtures of bretylium sodium with the other drugs were all visually compatible except those containing phenytoin sodium.

Bretylium Compounds↗
PubMed1980

[Effect of antibiotics and antiseptics on the fibrinolytic activity of proteases].

A table of compatibility of proteases and antibacterial drugs was developed on the basis of investigation of fibrinolytic effect of proteolytic enzymes (fibrinolysine, chimotrypsin, streptokinase, terrilitin) and their combinations with most popular antibiotics and antiseptic solutions. According to the data of the authors, terrilitin and streptokinase are most efficient of the proteolytic enzymes studied and less dependent upon antibiotics and antiseptic solutions when used in combinations.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1982

Stability and compatibility of lidocaine hydrochloride with selected large-volume parenterals and drug additives.

The stability of lidocaine hydrochloride in six commonly used large-volume parenterals when stored for 14 days and the visual compatibility of lidocaine hydrochloride in admixtures with eight frequently used drugs were studied. Lidocaine hydrochloride admixtures of 2 mg/ml were prepared in both glass and plastic containers of 5% dextrose injection, 0.9% sodium chloride injection, lactated Ringer's injection, 5% dextrose and lactated Ringer's injection, 0.45% sodium chloride injection (plastic container only), and 0.45% sodium chloride and 5% dextrose injection. The admixtures were examined visually and stored for 14 days at 25 +/- 0.5 degrees C under fluorescent light. Lidocaine hydrochloride concentrations were determined spectrophotometrically at times 0, 0.25, 1, 3, 8, and 24 hours, and at 24-hour intervals thereafter. Spectrophotometric assays were confirmed with high-pressure liquid chromatography. Admixtures of lidocaine hydrochloride were prepared with aminophylline, bretylium tosylate, calcium gluconate, digoxin, dopamine hydrochloride, regular insulin, phenytoin sodium, and procainamide hydrochloride in 5% dextrose injection, 0.9% sodium chloride injection, and lactated Ringer's injection. The admixtures were examined visually for 24 hours. Admixtures of lidocaine hydrochloride were stable for 14 days. All admixtures of lidocaine hydrochloride with other drugs were visually compatible except those containing phenytoin sodium. It is concluded that lidocaine hydrochloride is stable in the solutions studied for 14 days at 25 degrees C and visually compatible for 24 hours in admixtures containing all drugs studied except phenytoin sodium.

Drug Combinations↗
PubMed1982

Compatibility of propranolol hydrochloride injection with intravenous infusion fluids in plastic containers.

The visual and chemical compatibility of propranolol hydrochloride injection admixtures in large-volume parenteral solutions (LVPs) packaged in plastic containers was studied. Propranolol hydrochloride injection was mixed with five different LVPs manufactured by three suppliers and packaged in plastic containers. Two concentrations (0.5 and 20 micrograms/ml) were tested. Samples were obtained via administration sets with 0.2-micron final filters. Visual appearance, pH, and propranolol hydrochloride concentration (HPLC method) of the admixtures were evaluated at 0, 4, 8, and 24 hours after preparation at room temperature and with ambient lighting. No change in visual appearance was observed. The pH of the admixtures ranged from 3.9 to 6.4, depending on the composition of the intravenous infusion fluid and propranolol hydrochloride concentration. There was no significant loss in potency during the test period. Additionally, there was no adsorption of propranolol hydrochloride onto the surface of polyvinyl chloride bags or polyolefin containers, or onto the filters. Propranolol hydrochloride can be mixed with common intravenous infusion fluids for 24 hours without compatibility problems when administered under normal conditions.

Drug Incompatibility↗