[Osseous metastases from neoplasms of the gastro-enteric system. Radiological study].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Bone Neoplasms↗
SEARCH · Search PubMed
Results for “Digestive System Neoplasms”
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Specimen retrieval in laparoscopic colon surgery.
In the past decade, for benign as well as malignant colon diseases, minimally invasive surgery has gained more and more importance in colon surgery. Specimen retrieval after colonic resections is difficult due to the large size of the specimen usually resected. To date there is no standardized retrieval technique for the different procedures. Four incision sites are common for transabdominal specimen retrieval: left or right lower quadrant transrectal portside incision; periumbilical midline incision, and transverse suprapubic incision. Perineal incisions are used for retrieval following low anterior resection or abdomino-perineal extirpation. Three major complications are described in the literature: wound infection (0-9%); hernias (0-2%), and incision site recurrence (0-1.3%). There are no significant differences between the different incision sites with regard to the occurrence of complications. In laparoscopic surgery for malignant diseases retrieval is usually performed using a plastic bag, whereas retrieval can be performed hand-assisted without a bag during surgery for benign diseases. Wound edge protectors are recommended by several authors, yet there is no standard system which is accepted broadly. In conclusion, specimen retrieval in laparoscopic colon surgery is not standardized. The morbidity rate for specific retrieval complications ranges between 0 and 9%, yet there are no randomized controlled studies or evidence-based data regarding different retrieval approaches and systems.
Colonic Diseases↗
[Carcinomas of the digestive system in patients under 20 years old].
Gastrointestinal cancers are very scarce for the people under twenties. Such a rarity, as misguides diagnostic trend, is responsible, in the greater part of cases, of the lag in the recognizing these neoplasm and, consequently, reduces the expectations of surviving whether medium or long term. Authors report their experience as regards to observation of two cases of malignant neoplasm of the stomach and of the recto-sigmoid joint in young patients of fourteen and nineteen years old and they emphasize the importance of a complete diagnostic route which, in spite of age, does not exclude the possibility of a neoplastic pathology in the presence of suggestive persistent symptomatology. It is underlined the importance of early diagnosis in fact survival yield is always and however dependent on a disease stage and not on age. Furthermore it is underlined that the young patient is subject to a rate of postoperative complications which is marginal compared with intervention yield, this is translated in a better responsiveness of young patient to radical and, if it is necessary, extended interventions.
Adenocarcinoma↗
[Glycoproteins in patients of gastrointestinal neoplasms].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Digestive System Neoplasms↗
Some errors in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal neoplasms.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Digestive System Neoplasms↗
Tissue distribution of 2-3 and 2-6 sialyl Lewis A antigens and significance of the ratio of two antigens for the differential diagnosis of malignant and benign disorders of the digestive tract.
The authors investigated the tissue distribution of two kinds of sialylated derivatives of Lewis A (Le(a)) antigen in patients with cancers of the digestive system using specific monoclonal antibodies, and evaluated the significance of determining the 2-3 and 2-6 sialylated Le(a) antigen levels for the diagnosis of cancer. In most specimens from patients with cancers of the pancreas, biliary tract, stomach, and colon, the 2-3 sialylated Le(a) antigen was strongly expressed in cancer cells. However, 2-6 sialylated Le(a) antigen was less frequently expressed in cancer cells. The former is therefore more specific to cancer than the latter. Also, the serum level of the 2-3 sialylated Le(a) antigen was significantly higher than that of the 2-6 counterpart in patients with cancers of pancreas, biliary tract, stomach, and colon. The resulting ratio of serum 2-3/2-6 sialylated Le(a) antigens was frequently high in patients with malignancy and was low in patients with benign disorders of these digestive organs. Therefore, the 2-3/2-6 sialylated Le(a) antigen ratio is a useful for the differential diagnosis of malignant disorders in these organs. However, liver disorders were found to be exceptional in that both antigens were mostly absent in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells in immunohistologic examination, as well as in nonmalignant parenchymal liver cells. Only the epithelial cells of the intrahepatic bile ducts expressed the 2-6 sialylated Le(a) antigen strongly, and expressed the 2-3 sialylated Le(a) antigen moderately. The levels of both antigens were sometimes high in patients with liver disorders, but the ratio always remained low in patients with HCC as well as benign liver disorders such as cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis. The sialylated Le(a) antigens, which sometimes accumulate in the sera of patients with HCC, were concluded to originate from the epithelial cells of the proliferating small bile ducts, and those serum antigens cannot be considered as evidence for the presence of liver cancer cells.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
Barium enema, proctosigmoidoscopy and upper gastrointestinal series in the preoperative evaluation of the cancer patient.
Charts of 566 patients admitted to the Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute over a five year period were reviewed. Routine upper gastrointestinal series was performed in 453 patients; barium enemas in 490; and proctosigmoidoscopies in 342. Upper gastrointestinal series detected no metastases or second primary malignancies but delineated the extent of large intra-abdominal tumors. Barium enema and proctosigmoidoscopy together revealed three unsuspected primary colonic tumors (1.2% in patients over 50 years of age). Sigmoidoscopy and examination of the stool for occult blood would have detected the same patients. Barium enema may be limited to surgical cancer patients in whom the extent of local tumor invasion is to be defined and to older patients in whom colonic tumors are suspected. Neither UGIS nor barium enema appear to be of value as a routine preoperative screening test in surgical cancer patients.
Adolescent↗
Absence of correlation between liver metastases and unexplained fever episodes.
An accepted, although debatable explanation for fever of unexplained origin (FUO) in cancer patients is the presence of liver metastases. This controlled study was aimed to determine whether FUO is more common in patients with liver metastases (Group A) as compared to those without evidence of spread to the liver (Group B). One hundred forty-five patients were studied in each group. Fever of unknown origin was experienced by 45 patients of Group A (31%) and 39 of Group B (26.9%). The duration and the fever characteristics were comparable in both groups. There was no relationship between the extent of the liver metastases and the incidence of FUO. That FUO was not caused by the presence of liver metastases per se, is deduced also from the remission of fever in 18 preoperative episodes after the resection of the primary tumor only, in spite of the persistence of the liver metastases. The type of fever and its duration was similar in patients with or without liver metastases. Thirteen severe infectious conditions were missed by the premature adoption of the convenient diagnosis of "fever due to liver metastases." Indomethacin, administered to normalize the fever incorrectly attributed to the liver metastases, obscured four of the above infectious conditions, with a fatal outcome. The authors conclude that the existence of "fever due to liver metastases" as an entity is not supported by the current study, and that the premature adoption of this diagnosis further compromised the outcome of patients with liver metastases and unexplained fever.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
Occurrence of non-gastric cancer in the digestive tract after remote partial gastrectomy: analysis of an Amsterdam cohort.
If peptic ulcer surgery favors the formation of carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds in the gastric remnant, an increased risk of cancer at sites in the gastrointestinal tract distant from the stomach might be predicted. To estimate the risk of carcinomas in the digestive tract, other than the stomach, occurring after partial gastrectomy, we analyzed an Amsterdam cohort of 2,633 post-gastrectomy patients operated on for benign disease between 1931 and 1960. Mortality in the study population was compared with the general Dutch population through person-year analysis. An excess mortality of biliary tract cancer (O/E:2.64; CL:1.32-4.72; p less than 0.01) and pancreatic cancer (O/E:1.65; CL:1.06-2.44; p less than 0.05) was found in males more than 5 years after surgery; females showed only an increased risk of pancreatic cancer in the first 5 years postoperatively (O/E:15.33; CL:1.85-55.43; p less than 0.01), probably due to misdiagnosis. All other non-gastric sites of the digestive tract carried no increased risk for cancer. In males, mortality due to colorectal cancer more than 5 years post-operatively was significantly decreased (O/E:0.58; CL 0.34-0.92; p less than 0.01). The excess mortality of biliary-tract and pancreatic cancer in males, which increases with the duration of post-operative interval, is consistent with a dose-response phenomenon. This study therefore supports the hypothesis that carcinogens are not only locally activated in the gastric remnant, but are hepatically excreted and initiate cancer in the biliary tree and pancreatic duct. Further exploration of this mechanism of carcinogenesis is warranted, since it may also explain the pathogenesis of pancreatic and biliary cancers in patients without gastrectomy.
Biliary Tract Neoplasms↗
Heating efficiency of radiofrequency capacitive hyperthermia for treatment of deep-seated tumors in the peritoneal cavity.
We analyzed heating profiles from 318 hyperthermic treatments of 39 patients with recurrent or inoperable cancers of the digestive organs whose deep-seated tumors were treated by radiofrequency (RF) capacitive heating of the abdominal region, and we investigated the heating efficiency and antitumor effect of such treatment. It was apparent that heating with a mean maximum RF output of 1,000 watts (700 watts at least), repeated four times or more, was necessary for a high rate of response by the tumor. Although it was difficult to heat tumors of the bile duct/pancreas to 42 degrees C or more, there was a strong positive correlation between maximum output of RF energy and maximum temperature of tumors (r = 0.839, P less than 0.001). The antitumor effect of RF hyperthermia was augmented with increasing output of RF energy. Therefore, the maximum level of RF output may be a useful index for expressing the heating efficiency with respect to intra-abdominal deep-seated tumors.
Adult↗
Carcinoid tumors of the alimentary tract. I. Radiographic diagnosis.
This paper is based on a retrospective analysis of the radiographic findings in 18 new proven cases of carcinoids of the gastrointestinal tract. Examples of lesions involving different segments together with a detailed review of the pertinent literature are provided. Background information regarding the malignant potential of all carcinoids with particular reference to invasiveness, size, site, and symptomatology is discussed. Depending on the time of the examination during their development, carcinoids present either as smoothly defined, mostly small intramural nodules, or as large infiltrating and ulcerating malignant looking tumors. When mesenteric infiltration is present, a more specific combination of findings composed of submucosal nodules, separation of loops, and localized kinking may be seen. The demonstration of an isolated, sharply contoured defect does not exclude malignancy. The less common radiographic manifestations of tumoral calcifications and bony metastases are reviewed and illustrated.
Adult↗
Still any role for transduodenal local excision in tumors of the papilla of Vater?
Tumors of the papilla and ampulla of Vater are rare neoplasms which are usually detected at an early stage due to their symptoms. The accurate preoperative histological diagnosis and staging of ampullary tumors is often difficult and inconclusive, leading to controversy over the adequate treatment of these lesions. Three procedures are currently being used to treat such tumors. Pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) is a procedure with low morbidity and mortality at experienced centers, and is considered the treatment of choice for invasive carcinoma and large benign ampullary lesions with suspicion of malignancy. Transduodenal local excision (TDE) of ampullary tumors is a relatively simple procedure with operative morbidity and mortality rates comparable to PD. TDE is challenged at endoscopic centers by endoscopic snare excision (ESE). Due to technical advances, the safety and outcomes of ESE for ampullary tumors have improved in recent years. ESE and TDE represent adequate methods for treatment of benign tumors and also for small malignant tumors detected at an early stage if the diagnosis and stage have been accurately established preoperatively. Due to the safety of PD and the technical advances of ESE, TDE is reserved for selected patients. Randomized controlled studies are needed to establish the correct indications for PD, TDE, and ESE.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Presence of dopamine D-2 receptors in human tumoral cell lines.
[125I] Iodosulpride binding was examined on eight human cell lines derived from lung, breast and digestive tract carcinomas, neuroblastomas and leukemia. Specific binding was detected in five of these cell lines. In the richest cell line N417, derived from small cell lung carcinoma, [125I] iodosulpride bound with a high affinity (Kd = 1.3 nM) to an apparently homogeneous population of binding site (Bmax = 1,606 sites per cell). These sites displayed a typical D-2 specificity, established with several dopaminergic agonists and antagonists selective of either D-1 or D-2 receptor subtypes. In addition, dopamine, apomorphine and RU 24926 distinguished high- and low-affinity sites, suggesting that the binding sites are associated with a G-protein. The biological significance and the possible diagnostic implication of the presence of D-2 receptors on these cell lines are discussed.
Apomorphine↗
Wide range for optimal concentration of folinic acid in fluorouracil modulation--experimental data on human tumour cell lines.
The clinical use of the fluorouracil (FU)-folinic acid (FA) combination is hampered by the still open choice of the optimal schedule, with marked controversy as concerns the optimal FA dose. This in vitro study on FU-FA combinations in 17 human cancer cell lines, representative of tumour types responding to FU-FA treatment, reassesses the notion of the optimal FA concentration. Cells were exposed for 5 days to various FU-FA concentrations (0.07-77 microM, 14 concentrations, for FU; and 0.0025-100 microM for FA). The growth inhibition was assessed by the MTT test. The investigated cell lines exhibited FU IC50 ranging from 0.4 to 38.9 microM (median 3.7 microM). In six out of 17 cell lines investigated, the addition of FA did not result in a substantial enhancement of FU cytotoxicity (group 1). For the remaining 11 cell lines responding to FA supplementation (group 2), the maximal enhancement factor ranged from 3 to 8, meaning that in the presence of optimal FA concentration, the efficient FU concentration (IC50) was reduced by between 3 and 8 as compared to the efficient FU concentration without FA supplementation. For cell lines responding to FA supplementation, the optimal FA concentrations ranged from 10(-7) to 4 x 10(-4) M (4000-fold range) with a median value at 9.6 x 10(-7) M. Distribution of cell doubling time was not significantly different between group 1 and group 2. In contrast, the FU IC50 were significantly different (P = 0.02) between group 1 (median 7.4 microM) and group 2 (median 2.2 microM), thus indicating that cell lines with the greatest FU cytotoxicity enhancement by FA were those intrinsically sensitive to FU and vice versa.
Breast Neoplasms↗
HIP/PAP, a member of the reg family, is expressed in glucagon-producing enteropancreatic endocrine cells and tumors.
Hepatocarcinoma-intestine-pancreas/pancreatitis-associated protein (HIP/PAP) protein, a member of the reg family, is constitutively expressed by some specialized epithelial cell subsets in the digestive tract and the pancreas. We performed a detailed analysis of the expression of HIP/PAP protein in normal digestive endocrine cells according to their localization, lineage, and differentiation stage, and in digestive endocrine tumors according to their site of origin and hormonal profile. In both adult and fetal normal tissues, HIP/PAP expression was detected only in endocrine cells of the small intestine, ascending colon, and pancreas. Two different expression patterns were identified: (a) a strong cytoplasmic labeling observed in the endocrine cells of the digestive mucosa and the outer rim of Langerhans islets specialized in the synthesis of glucagon and glucagon-like peptides; (b) a weak cytoplasmic immunoreactivity observed in the other pancreatic endocrine cell populations. HIP/PAP expression was detected in 36 of the 184 cases of digestive endocrine tumors examined; 32 of these cases (89%) were pancreatic. The 2 patterns observed in the normal state were retained: (a) a strong labeling was observed in 5% to 100% of tumor cells in 26 tumors, all expressing glucagon or glucagon-like peptides; (b) a weak labeling was present in 10 tumors, presenting various hormonal profiles. In conclusion, a strong expression of HIP/PAP is characteristic of glucagon-producing normal and neoplastic enteropancreatic endocrine cells. Our results lend further support to the concept that members of the reg family play regulatory roles in various endocrine cell populations and that their expression in endocrine cells is lineage-specific.
Adolescent↗
Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity in patients with digest cancer: adjuvant diagnosis test.
Previous studies showed that a common feature of tumor cells is their low of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Our research proved that carcinogenic substances reduce erythrocyte SOD activity, while anticarcinogenic ones increase it and that in vitro SOD assessments revealed a direct mechanism of action. In this paper we determined erythrocyte SOD activity in patients with digestive and extra-digestive cancers. We studied eight groups of patients with five different forms of cancer (histopathologically confirmed) and three groups of volunteers. Group 1 (n = 86), patients with esophageal cancer; Group 2 (n = 94), patients with gastric cancer; Group 3 (n = 79), patients with colorectal cancer; Group 4 (n = 71), patients with hepatic cancer; Group 5 (n = 73), patients with pancreatic cancer; Group 6 (n = 85), patients with with other diseases, but of the same organs; Group 7 (n = 97), healthy volunteers; Group 8 (n = 91), hypertensive patients. We determined the erythrocyte SOD activity using the catecholamine oxidation method. Erythrocyte SOD from the first 5 groups had a mean value of 1.91 +/- 0.78 EU as compared with Group 6 which presented an activity of 6.08 +/- 1.02 (P < 0.001) and Group7 in which the activity was 6.54 +/- 1.23 (P < 0, 001). Erythrocyte SOD activity is significantly reduced (by 2-3 fold) in all groups of cancer patients studied. Being accessible, simple and rapid, erythrocyte SOD activity determination could constitute an adjuvant test in diagnosis of these types of cancer. Taking into account our previous results which prove that carcinogenic substances inhibit SOD activity by a direct mechanism, we suggest that further research is required in this exciting field.
Catecholamines↗
The importance of volume for outcome in cancer surgery--an overview.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Breast Neoplasms↗
Molecular genetics of gastrointestinal malignancies.
OBJECTIVES: To review the genetic model of colon cancer formation and the primary advances and clinical relevance of molecular genetics of pancreatic cancer and other gastrointestinal malignancies. DATA SOURCES: Research studies, review articles, and textbook chapters. CONCLUSIONS: Genetic discoveries are influencing the screening and treatment of colorectal cancer and other gastrointestinal malignancies by better targeting chemoprevention and treatment in high-risk and molecular-distinct patient populations. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: A basic knowledge of cancer genetics and the latest genetic discoveries will assist oncology nurses in patient teaching, counseling, and care.
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli↗