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At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Treatment of obesity with a very low-energy dietetic regimen--the endocrine parallels].

25 patients with various degree of obesity treated with a very low-caloric diet (Dresden diet) were followed up dynamically. By an average clinical stay of 22 days a satisfactory reduction of the body mass with mean 6.6 kg was achieved at mean reduction of the body mass index from 34 to 31. The blood sugar level, immunoreactive insulin in the course of the oral glucose tolerance test, the 24 h rhythm of the plasma cortisol and the aldosterone level at rest and in orthostatic position at the beginning and the end of the dietetic treatment were followed up. The results achieved are discussed in relation to the reduction of the body mass.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A clinical and experimental study of the food and biological value of dietetic canned chicken meat for children].

The results are presented of clinico-experimental investigations of 4 different variants of dietetic canned chicken meat for children. The products were enriched with blood stimulants. Certain clinical and hematological parameters were used for the evaluation of the effectiveness of the canned chicken meat. The results obtained have evidenced that the products studied are tolerated well and produce a pronounced antianemic effect.

Anemia, Hypochromic↗
PubMed1989

Vitamin E, selenium, and polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations and glutathione peroxidase activity in tissues from pigs with dietetic microangiopathy (mulberry heart disease).

Tissues of 27 pigs with spontaneous dietetic microangiopathy (DM) and of 27 control pigs that died of causes unrelated to vitamin E and selenium (E-Se) deficiency were analyzed for alpha-tocopherol, Se and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentrations and for glutathione perioxidase (GSH-Px) activity. These variables (except for GSH-Px) also were measured in rations fed to control pigs and pigs with DM. Swine with DM had lower heart and liver alpha-tocopherol concentrations than did control pigs. Heart and kidney Se concentrations and heart and liver PUFA concentrations were similar in pigs of either group. Diets fed to both groups of pigs contained similar content of alpha-tocopherol, Se, oil, and PUFA; alpha-tocopherol and Se concentrations in the diets of both groups of pigs were high. In spite of apparently adequate amount of dietary alpha-tocopherol, results indicate that pigs with DM had lower tissue alpha-tocopherol concentration than did control pigs. Spontaneous DM is associated with altered alpha-tocopherol metabolism, but is unrelated to alterations in dietary Se and PUFA contents and tissue Se and PUFA concentrations and GSH-Px activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Prophylaxis of carious disease. Outline of dietetic and pharmacological prophylaxis].

The authors schematically describe the possibility of specialistic sanitary intervention in prevention, primary secondary and tertiary. They, furthermore, discuss of the real possibility of dietetical and pharmacological prophylaxis with special regard to the proper use and on the mechanism of action of fluorine and other chemical antiplaque agents.

Dental Caries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A new kind of dietetic bread enriched with dietary fiber].

A new sort of dietetic bread has been developed with a 4-fold higher content of food cellulose fibers and a 25% lower fuel value. Such effect was achieved due to the use of qualitatively different sources of food fibers--wheat bran and methyl cellulose (MLI-100). The chemical composition of the new sort of bread has been presented and certain categories of patients have been specified who can use this bread in their diet.

Bread↗
PubMed1988

Weight-control approaches: a review by the California Dietetic Association.

Weight reduction is considered a therapeutic success if weight loss is maintained with no expense to overall health. The California Dietetic Association, a professional organization including 5,000 registered dietitians, proposes, on the basis of a review of the current scientific literature, the following criteria for health-safety evaluation of dietary approaches. A weight-reduction diet should (a) satisfy all nutrient needs except energy, (b) meet individual tastes and habits, (c) minimize hunger and fatigue, (d) be readily obtainable and socially acceptable, (e) favor the establishment of a changed eating pattern, and (f) be conducive to improvement of overall health. Characteristics of diet approaches associated with poor outcome include (a) very-low-calorie diets, which promote rapid weight loss, (b) extremes of macronutrient restriction, and (c) reliance on formula diets or special products. The use of diets, surgery, drugs, exercise, and behavior modification is discussed.

Body Weight↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Phosphorus-calcium metabolism and dietetic correction of its disorders in chronic kidney diseases in children].

Ninety children with varying renal diseases were under observation. The investigations conducted have shown that disorders in phosphoric-calcium metabolism depend on the type, activity of chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) and etiology of chronic renal insufficiency (CRI). Significant disorders in phosphoric-calcium metabolism were detected in patients with nephrotic and mixed types of CGN. Most manifest clinical and x-ray changes of the osseous system were observed in patients with CRI that developed as a result of the tubulointerstitial pathologic process. Low-phosphate diets with preset amounts of Ca and P were developed, composed of products with relatively low content of P, and of new dietetic products rich in Ca. The diets were used for correction of hyperphosphatemia in children with CGN and in those with CRI, simultaneously with drug therapy, to prevent or diminish disorders in phosphoric-calcium metabolism, and to reduce the risk of invalidism among children with chronic renal diseases.

Calcium↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Dietetic aspects of preventing urolithiasis in patients with gout and uric acid diathesis].

Patients suffering from gout and uric acid diathesis received a specialized diet containing 70 g protein (85% of plant protein including 20 g of soybean protein isolate), 85 g fat and 350 g carbohydrates. As a result there was an improvement of the general well-being during dietetic management, a rise of pH of the urine to normal, a decrease in the concentration of uric acid in blood serum and urine with a simultaneous elevation of the latter's clearance, an increase in glomerular filtration, a reduction in blood cholesterol content. The data obtained allow the conclusion to be made about the necessity of the rigid observance of the diet by the patients. This will play an important role both in the treatment and prophylaxis of urolithiasis in the patients' population under consideration.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Dimensions of managerial work in hospital dietetic services.

The objective of this study was to identify underlying dimensions of the managerial work of hospital dietetic services professional staff. A survey instrument was developed on the basis of Mintzberg's role theory of management. Respondents were asked to rate 80 activity statements on the relative importance and time demand of each. Principal component analysis was used to determine whether items could be conceptualized meaningfully by a smaller number of components capable of accounting for interrelationships. Reliabilities and correlations were computed for the resulting managerial factor scores. Six factors were identified from the importance ratings: Upper Management, Interaction with Subordinates, Outside Activities, Quality Assurance, Communication Activities, and Personnel Activities. Similar dimensions were identified from the time-demand ratings. Findings from this analysis suggest that managers in different functional specialties and at various organizational levels tend to vary in their allocation of time and to stress different roles. As a person rises on the administrative ladder of responsibility, concentration on extramural affairs and involvement in planning are greater, and concern with specific operational problems decreases. The importance of conceptual skills was especially evident in upper administrative positions, as was the critical need for intergroup skills.

Dietary Services↗
PubMed1977

[Dietetic therapy of diabetes and renal insufficiency (author's transl)].

Coincidence of chronic renal failure and diabetes mellitus brings with it serious therapeutic problems, especially in dietetic treatment. It is not possible to wish to do justice to all the therapeutic principles of the text books to the same extent. The condition of renal failure with its demands takes precedence in all cases. But if the renal disease has not yet led to a perceptible retention of normal urinary constituents in the serum, no specific dietary measures are necessary. In these cases, the diabetic diet is proceded with in the usual manner.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1979

Auditing dietetic services (second of a series).

In this second article of a four-part series on auditing dietetic services, the authors focus on a monodisciplinary nutritional care audit. After defining the purpose of such an audit, a step-by-step description is given of how the audit should be carried out from developing standards and criteria to conducting a review audit to measure improvement.

Diet Therapy↗
PubMed1979

A computer-assisted personnel data system for a hospital department of dietetics. I. Development of the data base.

A data base was developed for a computer-assisted personnel data system for a university hospital department of dietetics which would store data on employees' employment, personnel information, attendance records, and termination. Development of the data base required designing computer programs and files, coding directions and forms for card input, and forms and procedures for on-line transmission. A program was written to compute accrued vacation, sick leave, and holiday time, and to generate historical records.

Computers↗
PubMed1979

A computer-assisted personnel data system for a hospital department of dietetics. II. Labor accounting reports.

To provide timely and accurate labor accounting reports for a university hospital department of dietetics, six reports were designed: Monthly analysis of labor costs for biweekly employees, ledger of monthly labor costs, quarterly analysis of turnover, monthly report of unscheduled absenteeism for biweekly employees, labor listing, and seniority listing. Computer programs were written to generate four of these reports; two were generated from a generalized data base management system.

Absenteeism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Soluble milk protein concentrates, casecites, for infant and dietetic nutrition].

A soluble form of caseins, so-called casecites for an infant and dietetic nutrition, is obtained from separated milk by way of solving casein through using freshly precipitated lactic acid terment of 0.1 n HCl, mixed with solts-solvents. The lactoproteinic concentrates-casecites have an elevated biological value, called forth by the content of large amounts (80.0 per cent) of complete lactic protein, the presence of citrate-ions, forming as a physiologically active additive, balanced most important mineral elements. A minimal (not more than 2.0 per cent) of the lactose content in casecites enables the latter to be utilized for nutrition of persons suffering from lactose intolerance as well as to orientally regulate the carbohydrate composition of the products obtained on their basis.

Caseins↗
PubMed1980

[Dietetic considerations of the peptic ulcer treatment (author's transl)].

Stated that the alimentary inconguities, the improper mastication and the quickly eaten of foods are to avoid for the direct irritant effect on the stomach, the authors have examinate the various dietetic treatments, imploied for peptic ulcer and they conclude that only during the acute clinical phase more restrictive regimens are necessary. When the patient in on way of recovery, the alimentation must be free in agreement to the tolerance and personal taste using more variety of food. Moreover it's necessary to remember that the patient is not an "ulcer", but "his ulcer" be treated with the psycho-pathological implication correlated.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

[Dietetic treatment of hyperlipoproteinemias].

The authors mention the previous conditions to the prescription of a diet for primary hyperlipoproteinemia : definition of the metabolic disease and of its nutritional dependence, precise knowledge of earlier nutritional uses, demonstration of vascular risk factor linked to the hyperlipoproteinemia, i.e. obesity which always requires a hypocaloric diet. A low cholesterol and saturated fatty acid diet reduces by 10% the cholesterolemia, and sometimes exempts from use of medical drugs in moderate hypercholesterolemia. The exceptional hyperchylomicronemia are reduced by drastic reduction of the lipid fraction of the diet, which is compensated by use of MCT. The dietetic treatment of endogenous hypertriglyceridemia depends on their nutritional dependence : an alcohol dependence implies a complete suppression of alcoholic drinks. A glucid dependence implies the suppression of simple carbohydrates and a reduction of the glucidic fraction of the diet.

Carbohydrate Metabolism↗
PubMed1983

[Induction of dietetic diabetes in Microtus arvalis Pallas and its developmental mechanism].

In Microtus arvalis Pallas, new born voles were fostered to ICR mice and supplied with pellets for mice after weaning. A high concentration of glycosuria was shown in about 50% of the voles and continued for over ten weeks. Concentrations of blood glucose and plasma FFA iun glycosuric voles were three or four times as high as those in normal controls. The fermentation ability and pH lowered in the esophageal sac, and comparatively large amount of starch existed in the pyloric stomach of the glycosuric voles. This demonstrated that the dietary starch were tolerably transported to the pyloric stomach without being fermented in the esophageal sac. Glycosuria was also induced in about 50% of the voles supplied with an acidified water (0.02 N HCl, pH 1.7), and the glycosuric voles showed a low pH (1.4-4.2) and lowering of the fermentative ability in esophageal sac. Such an abnormal fermented conditions in the esophageal sac is considered to induce glycosuria in the voles. Glucose tolerance in the diabetic voles which were supplied with pellets for mice lowered considerably with the progress of the disease. On the other hand, plasma insulin levels in the slight diabetic cases rose to eight times as high as normal level, but they lowered considerably with the progress. In the serious cases, the voles fell into complete insulin deficiency. From the above results, the herbivorous Microtus species was considered to be useful as an "animal model" of the dietetic diabetes.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Toxigenicity of microorganisms isolated from dry products for infant and dietetic nutrition].

The authors describe the results of studying the dissemination with Bac. cereus cells and staphylococci of raw material, components and ready-made products for infants' and dietetic nutrition after varying times of storage under the conditions of uncontrolled humidity and temperature. It has been demonstrated that Bac. cereus and staphylococcal strains isolated are potentially enterotoxigenic. Prevention of food poisoning with the microorganisms in question should be aimed at the improvement of industrial sanitary and hygienic conditions.

Bacillus cereus↗