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PubMed1979

[Creative works of the mentally ill as a problem for art (author's transl)].

The article "Creative Works of the Mentally Ill as a Problem for Art" attempts to analyse this complex field from a more art-theoretical viewpoint. In addition to the difficulties involved in identifying the causing factors of schizophrenia there is the problem of not having a uniform definition of art. Wölfli's example substantiates the evidence that the artistic works of the mentally ill display the same characteristics as far as creativity is concerned as those of mentally healthy artists and hence there is no reason for disqualifying their works. Some artists who had already achieved general recognition did not lose it after becoming afflicted with mental illness later in their lives. Does this mean that recognition depends on social status and not on the work itself?

Art↗
PubMed1979

Form creation in rat: an ego-psychological approach to creativity.

The recent ego-psychological approach to form in art is utilized to understand the significance of form creation to artistic creativity in general. Two kinds of form in art are discussed--"good form" and "perfect form". The first is explained as the means used by the artist's ego to facilitate the expression and communication of latent meanings; the second, as the means used by the artist's ego to order disparate mental elements and to reconcile those opposite wishes, ideas, and emotions, whose opposite valences may endanger the integrity and cohesion of the self. In line with the assumptions presented in the paper, creativity and neurosis are described as two different methods used by the ego to solve the same underlying problems.

Art↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Science as creative activity.

Science in the evolutionary world system. Science as group activity. Creativity as natural phenomenon. Psycho-socio-historical account of scientific work. Creative changes in physics: examples. Abstraction. Epistemological consequences. Methodology, formal and information. Pattern recognition of meaning instead of space-time determination of events.

Creativity↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The student's perception of his creativity.

When 590 students at the New York State University of Plattsburgh--both nursing and nonnursing students--were questioned regarding their perceptions of their creativity, nursing students perceived themselves as significantly (p less than .05) less creative.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Creativity and age in the arts and sciences (author's transl)].

Studies into the relations between aging and creativity are reported. After a brief review of statistics on works of medical scientists, the author deals with the age-dependent creativity of composers and, more specifically, symphonists. Using the method of differential analysis of works, he then analyzes and discusses the composing activities of Beethoven, Brahms, and Bruckner.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Responses to creativity in psychoanalysts.

A discussion of "Concerning Transference and Countertransference" by Harold Searles, M.D. Searles's study, written and rejected for publication in 1948-49 contains six original contributions to these subjects. They include the definition of determinants of transference in the immediate analytic interaction, the role of projection in transference and its evocation by the analyst, its basis in actual traits of the analyst which are exaggerated, and its expression as an effort to elicit confirmatory responses. Searles also details the fullness of the analyst's participation in the therapeutic interaction and the constructive usage of countertransference reactions. The negative responses to Searles's creativity prompt the thesis that every professional has a wish to both accept and destroy the innovator and his innovations. Factors include envy, a dread of inner turmoil, impingements on countertransference defenses, and deviations in the conditions of training analysts. These reactions are paralleled by refractoriness to the patient's unconscious creativity and efforts to cure the analyst. The manifestations of these hostile reactions and the innovator's responses to them are discussed.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1994

Salman Rushdie and the sea of stories: a not-so-simple fable about creativity.

This paper examines Salman Rushdie's tale 'Haroun and the Sea of Stories', written for his younger son while Rushdie was in hiding from the fatwa. It is a fairy tale about the boy Haroun, who travels to the moon to find a cure for his father's loss of capacity to tell stories. There he discovers that the Ocean of Stories-source of all stories--is polluted. The author sees this tale as a parable of creativity, which can be used on many levels. On one level, it describes the artist's struggle against forms of political oppression, which aims at destroying all art, speech and thought. On another level, it could be seen as an internal conflict between the creative forces derived from the life instinct and those which are destructive and self-destructive deriving from the death instinct. Rushdie describes ways of dealing with this conflict and different outcomes depending on the way the conflict is faced.

Creativity↗
PubMed1995

The vital role of adaptive grandiosity in artistic creativity.

The artist needs adaptive grandiosity in order to create. Adaptive grandiosity is an ego-state that derives from primary narcissism and a partial resolution of the positive Oedipus complex, with the ego-ideal merged with the ego. It functions as a manic defense to overcome the artist's annihilation anxiety when confronting the blank canvas or other aspects of creativity which unconsciously represent separation from the maternal introject. Because of it fragile, defensive nature, adaptive grandiosity can readily degenerate into maladaptive grandiosity (omnipotence), which can block creativity. Clinical examples are used to illustrate the differences between adaptive grandiosity and omnipotence.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1996

Play, experimentation and creativity.

Beginning with Klein's description of a psychotic boy's inability to play, published in 1930, the author explores the relationship between play and symbol-formation, and the use of play by children and adults as a serious type of experimentation by means of which one learns about the internal and external worlds. In this view, play is a way of externalising fantasies originating in one's inner world so they may be seen and learned about. Play is also a vehicle of projection, a fact that allows one to use it to assess the impact of one's inner world on the external world, especially on the minds of one's objects. In this way, playing becomes a way of probing external reality as well. This type of learning depends on the ability to keep internal and external realities distinct even while projecting the former into the latter. In psychotic states, this ability is lost, and the psychotic patient's projections, instead of being usable as a form of playful experimentation, lead to delusions and claustrophobic anxiety. A brief clinical vignette is presented to illustrate these points. The author then explores the application of these ideas to an understanding of artistic creativity, and makes some observations about possible underlying unities between play, scientific experimentation and artistic creativity.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1996

Thirty methods to destroy the creativity of psychoanalytic candidates.

The author explores formal aspects of psychoanalytic education relevant to the fostering or inhibiting of creativity in the work of candidates. He refers to thirty features of psychoanalytic institutes that inhibit candidates' creativity and, by implication, illustrate problems in psychoanalytic education that require our attention. These features include systematic slowing down of institutional progression of candidates, repetitive and unquestioning teaching of key papers by Freud, monolithic tendencies regarding theoretical approaches, isolation of candidates from the professional and scientific activities of the psychoanalytic society, accentuation of the hieratical relations among the psychoanalytic faculty, graduation rituals, discouragement of original contributions by candidates, intellectual isolation of institutes, lack of full presentation of clinical work by senior members of the faculty, neglect of studies of controversies regarding psychoanalytic technique, 'paranoiagenic' features of the relationship among faculty and regarding requirements for candidates, the 'convoy' system, neglect of exploration of the scientific and cultural boundaries and applications of psychoanalysis and the effects of institutional conflicts around the appointment of training analysts.

Creativity↗
PubMed1998

Creativity and aging: ramifications for research, practice, and policy.

To the extent that the nature, potential, and prevalence of creativity in later life are misunderstood, the research, practice, and policies that address the needs and potential contributions of older adults will suffer. There is no denying the magnitude of disease and disability associated with aging. But what is considerably underappreciated, if not denied, is the opportunity for and frequency of creative growth and expression among aged individuals.

Aging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cosmophysical correlation of creative activity in the history of culture].

The regularities in the creation of outstanding works of painting and poetry, as well as scientific discoveries over a period 1400-1800 was estimated quantitatively. The occurrence of an about 10-year periodicity of the creative activity in West-European and Chinese painting, poetry and science is shown. As a rule, the peaks of creative work in China agree with those in West Europe. Since the Chinese civilization was not directly connected with the European one, the effect of a synchronizing external factor is proposed. It is assumed that variations in solar activity serve as such a factor. The study is based on historical data on painting, poetry, and scientific discoveries in the period from 1400 to 1800.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Lexical creativity during instances of word-finding difficulty: Broca's vs. Wernicke's aphasia.

Lexical innovation--the creation of a word by combining existing morphemes in a novel way (e.g. "map ball" for "globe")--was evaluated as a method for circumventing word-finding difficulty in Broca's and Wernicke's aphasia. Aphasic groups were matched for naming performance and compared to a control group of normal adults matched for age and education. Lexical innovations were collected during the administration of a confrontation naming test, and were then analyzed in terms of the correctness of morpheme combination, semantic accuracy, novelty, and communicative effectiveness. An innovation was considered to be communicatively effective when its intended referent was understood by a naive judge. The lexical innovations of the two aphasic groups were diametrically opposed: as compared to both Broca's aphasics and normal adults, Wernicke's aphasics innovated significantly less often, and their innovations were significantly inferior in terms of: semantic precision, the proper construction of morpheme combination, and communicative effectiveness. This pattern suggests that lack of verbal fluency may be compatible with lexical creativity, while empty logorrheic speech may be an impediment to lexical creativity. Similarly, we conclude that the agrammatism of Broca's asphasia does not interfere with lexical innovation, while the paragrammatism of Wernicke's aphasia does interfere with lexical innovation, thus suggesting that paragrammatism affects morpheme combination at the word level as well as the sentence level.

Aphasia↗
PubMed2026

How contemporary academic structures constrain scientific creativity and hold back early-career researchers.

We argue that contemporary scientific systems progressively constrain high-risk and conceptually innovative research while being increasingly structured around short funding cycles, productivity-based evaluation criteria and risk-averse frameworks that favour predictable and non-transformative research outputs. Drawing on recent empirical literature, we show how such systems can place disproportionate pressure on early-career researchers by incentivizing safe, tractable and easily evaluated outputs. Structural academic mechanisms such as peer review and funding, escalating publication costs and institutional inequalities interact with precarious employment and hierarchical dependencies. In this environment, we contend that strategic conformity becomes a rational career path. This risks suppressing creativity and critical thinking precisely at the stage when scientific independence could otherwise emerge. Consequently, the probability of substantive contributions by early-career researchers is declining, while talent may increasingly abandon academia or cluster within a limited number of well-resourced institutions and national systems. By adopting a systems-level perspective, we argue that scientific creativity is not merely an individual trait but an emerging property of a supportive academic landscape and that maintaining or restoring it may require substantial structural reforms. These include promoting stable research pathways, decentralized decision-making and evaluation frameworks that better recognize collaboration, originality, persistence and nonlinear career trajectories. Without systemic change, we risk stifling the potential of early-career researchers to go beyond the confines of existing methods and approaches and deliver transformative advances. This would limit their capacity to meaningfully change our understanding of the world or benefit society, with impacts that fall short of their potential.

Journal Article↗