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PubMed1977

Repeat angiography in temporal contusions.

In the diagnosis of a temporal contusion bilater filling of the Sylvian vessels permits adequate comparison between the two sides. Such a comparison is important since even at a large contusion with marked upward or medial displacement of the Sylvian vessels no corresponding shift of the midline structure may exist in the acute stage. With increasing interval between trauma and angiography a shift may develop reflecting the true size of the lesion.

Cerebral Angiography↗
PubMed1978

Computer tomography of the brain and spectrophotometry of the CSF in cerebral concussion and contusion.

Computer tomography (CT) and spectrophotometry of CSF were performed in 30 patients with the clinical diagnosis of cerebral concussion or contusion. The patients with concussion all had normal CT-findings. Spectrophotometry of CSF was sometimes positive for cerebral contusion with normal CT-findings, but the two methods were complementary so that the extent of the lesion was determined by CT and spectrophotometry of CSF indicated the cause.

Brain Concussion↗
PubMed1977

Imaging of experimental myocardial contusion: observations and pathologic correlations.

Myocardial contusions of variable severity were experimentally produced by an air-driven piston or serrated clamp in 29 dogs. Two 99mTc-labeled bone-seeking agents (99mTc pyrophosphate and 99mTc tetracycline) were used with cardiac scintigraphy to determine the sensitivity of these agents in detecting different degrees of myocardial damage. Results showed that 99mTc tetracycline was not a suitable scanning agent. 99mTc pyrophosphate produced positive scans in cases of complete (or nearly complete) transmural myocardial necrosis. Positive cardiac scans in clinical myocardial contusion may indicate the severity of the lesions and have prognostic significance.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Posttraumatic subchondral bone contusions and fractures of the talotibial joint: occurrence of "kissing" lesions.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the presence and location of subchondral bone contusions, fractures, and "kissing" lesions of the talotibial joint after a sprain of the ankle shown on MR imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the images of all consecutive patients who underwent MR imaging of the ankle after acute or recurrent sprain occurring between January and December 1997. The number and location of subchondral contusions or fractures revealed on MR imaging were recorded, and a comparison was made with the radiographs obtained for each patient. RESULTS: Of the 146 ankles, 42 osteochondral lesions were revealed on MR imaging in 26 ankles (18%) involving 23 patients. Twenty-three lesions were localized in the dome of the talus and 19, in the tibiofibular plafond. In 16 (11%) of the 146 ankles, the lesions were present in the opposing bones of the joint ("kissing" lesions). Only six of the 12 talar fractures and none of the tibial fractures involving the 26 ankles were seen on conventional radiography. CONCLUSION: Subchondral lesions in the talus and tibia are relatively common after ankle trauma, occurring in 18% of patients in our series. Kissing lesions were present in more than half of the lesions in these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

MR imaging of meniscal contusion in the knee.

OBJECTIVE: We describe focal abnormal signal of the meniscus in the knees of six patients who had a history of acute trauma to the knee. This signal abuts the articular surface of the meniscus on MR imaging but does not meet criteria for a meniscal tear or degeneration. CONCLUSION: Acute trauma to the knee may cause an abnormal signal in the meniscus that does not meet the previously described criteria for a meniscal tear or an intrasubstance degeneration. This abnormal signal could be misinterpreted as a tear because of its contact with the articular surface; this signal is seen most often in our series in the setting of an anterior cruciate ligament tear with adjacent bone contusions. We suggest that this signal may be due to a contusion of the meniscus and that the signal may resolve over time in some patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Microvascular surgery after severe contusion of the femoral artery in rats.

Thirty three rats were subjected to severe contusion of the femoral region by a heavy falling object. The injury was directed towards the palpated femoral vessels in a standard way as described in a previous study. One hour after the injury microvascular surgery was performed on the damaged part of the femoral artery. In 17 animals the artery was transected at the centre of the injured part. The ends were then anastomosed without resection. In the remaining 16 animals the damaged part of the artery was resected and a long arterial graft taken from the opposite, uninjured leg was substituted. Postoperatively the animals were observed for two hours. Arterial patency was evaluated immediately after injury, at the end of operation and after one and two hours. After the animals had been killed, transverse sections of the damaged arteries from 28 of the 33 were examined by light microscopy. Signs of severe contusion was found in 82% of the specimens. The overall number of injured arteries was 97%. The patency rate after transection treated by direct suture was 71%, and after resection and vascular grafting it was 100%.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1981

Effect of naloxone on posttraumatic ischemia in experimental spinal contusion.

The effect of naloxone on blood flow and somatosensory evoked potentials was studied in cats subjected to 400 gm-cm contusion injuries of the thoracic spinal cord. Eight cats were treated with 10 mg/kg naloxone 45 to 60 minutes after injury, 11 cats were given 10 ml of saline instead of naloxone, and six cats were neither injured nor treated. Hydrogen clearance was used to measure blood flow in the lateral white columns at the contusion site. Naloxone, given intravenously, significantly inproved the blood flow rates in the lateral column white matter. At 2 hours after injury, the mean blood flow in the saline-treated cats fell to 50% (p greater than 0.01) of preinjury flow rates, whereas it increased 6% (p greater than 0.50) in naloxone-treated cats, and 12% (p greater than 0.50) in uninjured cats. At the 3rd hour after injury, the respective flows fell 47% (p less than 0.01), and 6% (p greater than 0.50), and increased 15% (p greater than 0.50) of the preinjury flow rates. The naloxone-treated cats had striking preservation of sensory function and somatosensory evoked potentials at 24 hours after injury. At 24 hours, responses had returned in all the naloxone-treated cats and in only 11% of the saline-treated cats. The probability of this combination of events occurring by chance is 0.0030. The authors conclude that naloxone may be useful for the treatment of spinal cord injury. The mechanism of the effect is unknown.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Muscle contusion injuries: current treatment options.

Muscle contusion is second only to strain as the leading cause of morbidity from sports-related injuries. Severity depends on the site of impact, the activation status of the muscles involved, the age of the patient, and the presence of fatigue. The diagnosis has traditionally been one of clinical judgment; however, newer modalities, including ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, and spectroscopy, are becoming increasingly important in both identifying and delineating the extent of injury. Although controlled clinical studies are scarce, animal research into muscle contusions has allowed the description of the natural healing process, which involves a complex balance between muscle repair, regeneration, and scar-tissue formation. Studies are being performed to evaluate the effects of anti-inflammatory medications, corticosteroids, operative repair, and exercise protocols. Prevention and treatment of complications such as myositis ossificans have also been stressed, but recognition may improve the outcome of these ubiquitous injuries.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Role of kallikrein-kinin system in pathogenesis of eye contusions].

Studies of the plasma components of the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) in the lacrimal fluid (LF) of damaged eyeball of 32 patients hospitalized for contusion for the eyeball showed an appreciable increase of KKS activity during the first three days and its less expressed increase on days 10-19 after the injury. The content of prekallikrein in the damaged eye LF depends on the severity of eye contusion and plasma KKS status, and the levels of LF prekallikrein in the damaged and intact eye correlate. Serum kallikrein activity depends on the severity of injury.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1999

Animal models of spinal cord contusion injuries.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Traumatic spinal cord injury causes initial mechanical disruption of tissue, leading to a complex secondary sequence of pathophysiologic changes and neurologic impairment. These sequelae depend on the impact force delivered to the spinal cord at the time of injury. Successful clinical evaluation of the efficacy of any therapeutic regimen depends on the reliability and reproducibility of an experimental animal model. We describe a trauma device and the biomechanical parameters required to induce severe or moderate spinal cord contusion injury in cats and rats. METHODS: Recovery after injury was determined by behavioral, electrophysiologic, and histologic evaluations. RESULTS: Behavioral and electrophysiologic tests after injury clearly identified the experimental groups. A stable severe paraplegic state (defined as 6 months for cats and 8 weeks for rats), without evidence of behavioral or electrophysiologic recovery, was induced by a 65-Newton (N) load for cats and a 35-N load for rats. Moderate spinal cord contusion injury, from which cats and rats partially recovered after approximately 3 months and 4 weeks, respectively, was induced by a 45- and 25-N load, respectively. CONCLUSION: Use of these injury conditions provides reliable animal models for studies designed to evaluate potential therapeutic regimens for spinal cord injury.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Contusion changes in ophthalmic tonus: clinical observations and pathogenesis].

Contusions of the eyeball involve reactive or secondary changes in intraocular pressure. Clinical examinations of 151 patients with contusion disorders in ophthalmic tone revealed reactive hypertension in 6.62%, reactive hypotone in 31.79%, secondary hypertension in 48.34%, and stable hypotone of the injured eye in 15.89% cases. Secondary changes in intraocular pressure were caused by massive intraocular hemorrhages and structural injuries to the eyeball. The main cause of reactive hypotone resulting from blunt injury to the eye was exfusion, detachment of the vascular membrane diagnosed at that period by ultrasonic examination in 76.92% cases. The main factors responsible for the postcontusion reactive syndrome are changes occurring within a very short period of time, intraocular pressure differences, and "loss" of the threshold volume of the anterior chamber humor because of its discharge during the shock, and activation of the kallikrein-kinin system with release of kinins causing capillary dilatation and increasing capillary wall permeability in the presence of low activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme which destroys bradykinin.

Aqueous Humor↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Contusions of the eye, their clinical picture and outcomes].

Clinical observations of 426 patients with blunt injuries to the eye (records of Moscow Ophthalmological Clinical Hospital) showed that eyeball contusions were responsible for 40.57% of hospital injuries, 364 cases (85.54%) were communal traumas and 22.77% criminal. The most frequent complication of blunt injury to the eye was hemorrhage to the anterior chamber (57.57%). Total or almost total hyphemas were observed in 5.83% cases, in 0.7% with repeated hemorrhages. Hemorrhages into the vitreous body were observed in 36.6% patients. Postcontusion opacities and retinal edemas were diagnosed in 25.87% cases. The most severe contusions of the eyeball with ruptures of fibrous membrane were observed in 19.11% cases, 6.29% of these along the postoperative cicatrix. Subdislocation or dislocation of the lens took place in 13.75% cases. Blunt injury to the eye resulted in alteration of ophthalmic tone presenting as reactive hypertension (22.33%), reactive hypotone (11.19%), secondary hypertension (17.01%), and stable hypotone (5.59%). By discharge from hospital visual functions improved in 72.73%, visual acuity of 0-0.03 diopters was observed in 14.92% and 0.4-1.0 in 63.87% cases. Secondary hypertension persisted in 1.86% and stable hypotone of the injured eye in 5.13% cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Overall trypsin-like, elastase-like and antitryptic activity in patients with eye contusion].

The investigations of tear fluid of eye after contusion injury revealed on increase of trypsin-like activity in 1-3 day and 10-19 day after trauma, the progressively elevation of elastase-like activity and lowering of inhibitory potential along 2-3 week. It was detected indirect correlation between the elastase-like activity and severity of the contusion injury of the eye, the grade of corneal edema, corneal erosion and conjunctival wound, hyphema. This results was shown the participation and the role of proteolytic and inflammatory processes in pathogenesis of eye blunt trauma. It was establish that the during of local inflammation is 2 week end more and is necessary antiinflammatory therapy with use the proteases inhibitors.

Contusions↗
PubMed1976

The fine structure of pulmonary contusion and the effect of various drugs.

The results of contusion were examined by electron and light microscopy in the lungs of rats. It was found that the results here were very similar to those elsewhere in the body, with a few minor modifications due to the unique structure of the lung. Densitometry of protein concentration and visual estimation of oedema were used to quantitate the effects on the injury. The benzo-pyrone drug Venalot had a considerable effect in reducing the protein concentration in the air spaces and the interstitial tissue, and of the oedema in the latter. Neither the proteinase inhibitor Trasylol nor the pectin-based plasma expander HAS had any significant effect on the fine structural alterations of pulmonary contusion.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Morphology and x-ray picture of the rat lung in experimental lung contusion].

Partial contusion of the lung was performed on 131 albino rats. X-ray and histological findings are comparable with lung contusion in man. Three phases are remarkable. X-ray studies of the thorax do not show impressive changes in spite of histological findings of the lung. This means: X-ray picture of the posttraumatic lung is less eventful than the impressive anatomical histological findings.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Vestibular disorders in contusions of the temporal lobe of the brain].

An analysis of the caloric test results in 30 victims of a severe contusion-crush of the temporal lobe of the brain showed that to this type of pathology the common significant changes in the vestibular-oculomotor reflex which, more often than not, found their expression in the prevalence of an experimental nystagmus in the direction toward the affected hemisphere. The victims, in whom contusions of the temporal lobe were attended by lesions of the brain stem of the primary or dislocation genesis, demonstrated the presence of vestibular areflexia or dissociaton of the quick nystagmus phase. Against the background of a continual tonic component there would become evident gross functional disruptions of the oculomotor elements which in a number of cases proved unrecognizable with an ordinary clinical observation.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Foveomacular retinitis as a result of ocular contusion.

Foveomacular retinitis is typically associated with eclipse burns. However a macular hole similar to that seen in cases of solar retinopathy, may be observed after ocular contusion or after whiplash injury. The case histories of 3 men, who sustained an ocular contusion and subsequently developed as aspect typical for foveomacular retinopathy, are described.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Contusion and permeability of the hemato-aqueous barrier to fluorescein. Effect of a pretreatment by local indometacine (author's transl].

An experimental study, by angiography of the anterior segment of rabbit's eye, estimates the permeability of the hemato-aqueous barrier, using fluorescein. A trauma of the eye (contusion) leads to a rapid and significant increase in this permeability. However, local pretreatment, using an ophthalmic solution of 0,33% indometacine, almost completely stabilizes the hemato-aqueous barrier, even for elements as diffusible as fluorescein. These results suggest that application of a similar preparation to the human eye could be useful in the treatment of ocular contusions, chemical burns and angle-closure glaucoma. But the best perspective could be the application of the indometacine solution to the eye, before an operation, to reduce the sideeffects of surgery relative to the surgical break of the hemato-aqueous barrier.

Animals↗