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At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Contraceptive use in a sample of young Danish females.

During the period April 1984-February 1985, 4 test samples of totally 380 young Danish women aged 16-20 years old were invited to interview about contraception and sexual behaviour. The response rate was 75.3%. There were 208 (74.0%) who had had sexual debut. Median age was estimated to 16.8 years. At first intercourse 168 (80.8%) used contraception, 36.5% used condom and 36.1% oral contraception (OC). Among teenage-girls with sexual debut before 15 years old 32.5% were unprotected against pregnancy. At the time of the interview 64.4% did use contraception. The most frequently used contraceptive device was OC (46.6%). Teenage-girls changed the contraceptive method from condom to OC after sexual debut. A small proportion of sexually active girls (8%) did not use contraception neither at first intercourse nor at the moment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Bone mineral density and history of oral contraceptive use.

To examine the relationship between oral contraceptive (OC) use and bone mineral density (BMD), we conducted a cross-sectional study on 352 white, nonsmoking, perimenopausal women aged 40-54 years. We measured bone mineral density of lumbar vertebrae 2-4 with dual photon absorptiometry and mid-radius and distal radius with single photon absorptiometry. After controlling for age, body mass, current physical activity, current calcium intake and history of breastfeeding, our analysis did not find substantial differences in BMD at any site between OC ever users and never users. However, OC ever users had slightly higher lumbar BMD among premenopausal women. No significant association was identified between recency of OC use and BMD. The results of our study suggest that when other factors are accounted for, OC use is not strongly associated with BMD among perimenopausal women, although we cannot exclude a slight beneficial effect.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Adolescent sexual behaviour: results from an Ontario sample. Part II: Adolescent use of protection.

This paper reports the frequency of use of protection and rates of birth control pill/condom use by age and gender among a large, sexually active group of Ontario adolescents who were followed from 12 to 17 years of age. The sample consisted of the 759 males and 690 females who reported engaging in sexual intercourse during the McMaster Teen Project. Significantly more females aged 15-17 years reported always using a method of protection, and using the birth control pill. Condom use was more frequent among males at all ages, but reached statistical significance at ages 12, 13 and 17 years. Although the numbers reporting no use of protection decreased with age, by 17 years 36% of males and 33% of females continued to report no use of protection. Large numbers of sexually active Ontario adolescents continue to be vulnerable to pregnancy, STDs and AIDS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Pill method failures in women seeking abortion: fourteen years experience.

AIMS: To document predisposing factors in 769 women who had inadvertently conceived while taking oral contraceptive pills reliably. METHODS: Over a 14-year period, 1981-1995, two questionnaires were administered, one for women using the combined oral contraceptive pill (COC) and one for women using the progestogen only pill (POP). RESULTS: More than one predisposing factor was usually present, the most common being diarrhoea and/or vomiting in 39.0%. Antibiotics had been prescribed in 20.5%. COC failure was associated with a high incidence of menstrual disturbance (37.1%). A history of a previous pill failure was obtained in 27.8%. Smoking was a risk factor for women on the COC. Only 6.0% became pregnant during the first month of pill use. As expected, POP users experienced a higher number of pill failures in proportion to the market share, but excess weight and time of taking did not appear to be risk factors. Most COCs failed according to the numbers expected from the market share. CONCLUSIONS: Many pill failures could be averted by better information about known or suspected risk factors, especially gastrointestinal upset and interacting medications. Pill failure is one more reason to discourage smoking in COC users.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1996

Utilization patterns of oral contraceptives in UK general practice.

The aim of this article was to analyze and compare recent oral contraceptive utilization patterns in UK general practice. The database comprised at least 12 months of medical records during 1990-1991 from 693-705 women aged 14-45 years registered with 398 practices. The database was searched for OC utilization patterns with emphasis on differences between combined OCs containing levonorgestrel (LNG), desogestrel (DSG), or gestodene (GSD). Women using OCs with LNG were older, more likely to be long-term users, and less likely to be starters or switchers than women using OCs with DSG or GSD. Use patterns of triphasic LNG did not differ markedly from that of monophasic LNG-containing OCs. Use of Schering PC4 a postcoital preparation peaked among women < 20 years, whereas progestogen-only pills were prescribed mainly to women > 30 years. The different utilization patterns between women using LNG-containing OCs and those using OCs containing DSG or GSD should be taken into account when making comparisons of the incidences of side effects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Oral contraceptive containing natural estradiol for premenopausal women.

An open multicenter trial was performed in six centers in Finland to study the efficacy, safety and acceptability of a new biphasic oral contraceptive pill containing natural estradiol and cyproterone acetate. The participants were 288 women with a mean age of 39.3 +/- 3.4 years (range 30-49) who were willing to use the new pill as their only contraceptive method. In total, 23% of the women were smokers. The cumulative experience was 2800 treatment cycles during the first year. The net 12-month continuation rate was 63%. One pregnancy occurred in a woman who lost 5 tablets in the second treatment cycle, which gives a 12-month cumulative pregnancy rate of 0.4%. Serum progesterone values, determined twice during the third treatment cycle, showed ovulation inhibition in 95% of women. There were no serious side effects. Intermenstrual bleeding was recorded by 35.5% and 24.5% of women at 3 and 12 months, respectively. The bleedings became scantier in most women and dysmenorrhoea disappeared. No changes were observed in total and high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations after 1 year. With the exception of intermenstrual spotting, the efficacy, safety and acceptability of the new pill was almost as good as that of the modern low dose oral contraceptives. This is the first pill containing natural estradiol that has gained clinical acceptance and which can also be prescribed for smokers over 35 years old until the climacteric.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Diabetes mellitus and fertility control: contraception management issues.

The need to prevent complications in the woman and fetus mandates that pregnancies in diabetic women always be planned and that safe and effective contraceptives be used at all times until it is determined that pregnancy is a safe and desired option. Pregnancy may aggravate complications of diabetes such as retinopathy and coronary artery disease. A pregnant diabetic woman is also more likely to experience such complications as hypertension, urinary tract infection, polyhydramnios, and cesarean section. Her fetus is at increased risk for congenital malformations, prematurity, stillbirth, neonatal morbidity, and diabetes later in life. Good diabetic control must be maintained before and throughout the pregnancy to minimize the risk of these and other complications. Until such time as good control is achieved and the woman desires pregnancy, a reliable method of contraception should be used. Most recent research supports the use of barrier methods, low-dose monophasic or triphasic oral contraceptives, or progestin-only methods, at least for the short-term. Under some circumstances the intrauterine device may be an appropriate option. Long-term data regarding the use of these methods is lacking. The decision regarding which method of contraception is used should be made by the woman in consultation with her physician.

Contraception↗