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At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Ticarcillin-clavulanic acid plus amikacin versus ceftazidime plus amikacin in the empirical treatment of fever in acute leukemia: a prospective randomized trial.

We evaluated the efficacy of ticarcillin-clavulanic acid plus amikacin (TCA) with ceftazidime plus amikacin (CFA) as empiric therapy of fever in acute leukemia in a total of 127 episodes. The overall success rate of the therapy (survival) was 93% in TCA group and 92% in CFA group. Success without therapy modifications (afebrile at 72 hours) was 39% for TCA, 31% for CFA; success with modifications was 55% and 61% respectively. Failure (death due to documented or presumed infection) was 6% for TCA and 8% for CFA. Differences were not statistically significant. The success without modifications was higher in the group of patients with fever of unknown origin (FUO) than in documented infections (DI), mainly with CFA. No differences were documented in the resistance rate and in clinical outcome during severe neutropenia (ANC <100 microl). In our experience TCA is as effective as CFA as first-line treatment in severe neutropenic patients with acute leukemia, although in both regimens patients with DI are likely to require modifications in treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Prevention of infectious complications of major upper respiratory and digestive tract surgery by the combination of pefloxacin-amoxicillin-clavulanic acid].

The authors report the results of a therapeutic trial aimed at assessing the efficacy and costs of a twin-antibiotic therapy associating Pefloxacin and Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid for the prevention of infectious complications in major surgery for cancer of the upper respiratory and digestive tracts. The results obtained show 10% of complications, including 6.5% of local complications, with 4.5 to 9.5 day treatments. In our opinion, the poor results noted in the literature in studies on a simple intraoperative antibiotic prophylaxis confirm the need to use a real, so-called "curative" antibiotic therapy over a sufficient period for this type of surgery. This antibiotic therapy must be well tolerated, active for the contaminating organisms, produce no selection of resistant bacteria, and raise hopes to reduce postoperative infectious morbidity, therefore the costs of treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Comparison of the activity of imipenem and beta-lactams combined with sulbactam and clavulanic acid in beta-lactamase-producing strains of Bacteroides fragilis.

We compared the "in vitro" activity of imipenem with 14 beta-lactams, both alone and in combination with clavulanic acid, and sulbactam against 110 beta-lactamase-producing strains of Bacteroides fragilis. The following antibiotics were tested: amoxycillin, penicillin, mezlocillin, piperacillin, cephalothin, cephazolin, cefamandole, cefmetazole, cefonicid, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftizoxime, and ceftriaxone. In all cases, except those of cefoxitin and cefmetazole, these combinations showed a statistically significant increase in beta-lactam activity, which was, however, never higher than that of imipenem, the antibiotic which performed best against Bacteroides fragilis.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1982

Peri-operative antibiotic cover in amputations using an amoxycillin-clavulanic acid combination.

In a series of 64 patients requiring amputation for lower limb sepsis, the performance of a new antibiotic combination with beta-lactamase-inhibiting properties, amoxycillin plus clavulanic acid (A-CA) (Augmentin; Beecham) in the prophylaxis of postoperative wound sepsis, was compared with that of a combination of amoxycillin and ampicillin (A-A) (Suprapen; Bencard) and a control group. The sepsis rate following A-CA prophylaxis (12,9%) was significantly less than in the control group (x 2 = 18, 49; P less than 0,001). Although not attaining statistical significance (x 2 = 2, 12),, A-CA compared favourably with A-A (sepsis rate 35.3%) in the prevention of post-amputation wound sepsis. There was no statistically significant difference in the development of sepsis between wounds closed primarily and those left unsatured while under A-CA cover. It is concluded that peri-operative antibiotic cover for amputations in septic lower limb lesions is advisable and that A-CA is a valuable antibiotic in this situation.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

A comparative study of Miraxid (pivmecillinam plus pivampicillin) and Augmentin (amoxycillin plus clavulanic acid) in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections in general practice.

Two treatments, pivmecillinam 200 mg plus pivampicillin 250 mg (Miraxid) given twice-daily and amoxycillin 250 mg plus clavulanic acid 125 mg (Augmentin) given three times daily were compared in two parallel groups of 388 general practice patients with acute bronchitis or acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. Patients with acute bronchitis (140 on Miraxid, 144 on Augmentin) received a 7-day course of treatment and those with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (55 on Miraxid, 49 on Augmentin) a 10-day course of treatment. Both treatments were equally effective, with 99 (71%) patients with acute bronchitis being successfully treated with Miraxid and 107 (74%) with Augmentin. In acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, Miraxid was successful in 29 (53%) patients and Augmentin in 24 (49%) patients. Side-effects were reported by 26 (12%) of patients in both treatment groups. This single blind multicentre general practice study comparing twice-daily Miraxid with 3 times daily Augmentin demonstrated that both treatments were equally effective clinically and equally well tolerated.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Efficacy of a combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid in the treatment of pneumonia of pigs.

Amoksiklav was used in the therapy of mixed respiratory tract infections in weaned pigs under field conditions. Positive effects of therapy with Amoxicillin and Clavulanic acid were observed in the majority of treated pigs. The production losses due to pneumonia in pigs treated with this combination were lower than among control pigs treated with Oxytetracycline, also a significantly lower ratio of death was observed among experimental weaners in comparison to the controls. Thirty days after the end of the therapy it was found that the body weight gain (b. w. g) of the experimental animals was on average 800 g higher after this period and the experimental piglets grew daily in average 20 g more than the controls. Experimental pigs were slaughtered 3 days earlier than the controls and the average weight gain at slaughter was highest by 1.1 kg in this group. Average daily b. w. g. of experimental pigs during the period from birth to slaughter was 13 g higher in comparison to the controls.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMed1999

Molecular basis for enhanced biosynthesis of clavulanic acid by a redox-cycling agent, phenazine methosulfate, in Streptomyces clavuligerus.

Phenazine methosulfate (PMS), a generator of superoxide, evoked the transcription of cas2 and cefF, ultimately resulting in the enhanced biosyntheses of clavulanic acid (CA) and cephamycin C (CMC) in Streptomyces clavuligerus. The transcriptional activation of cas2 and cefF was accompanied with that of ccaR, a regulatory gene for biosyntheses of CA and CMC. PMS or H2O2 in cell-free extract exerted a positive regulation on in vitro protein phosphorylation. The PMS-mediated activation of protein phosphorylation was significantly offset by butylated hydroxyanisole, a radical scavenger. Staurosporine, a protein kinase inhibitor, was shown to have a negative effect on PMS-promoted CA accumulation. Therefore, it is suggestive that PMS-activated transcription of cas2 and cefF is mediated by protein phosphorylation and the expression of a pathway-specific transcriptional activator as found in other streptomycetes. These experimental results present an example of the functional relationship between oxidative stimuli and secondary metabolite production in streptomycetes.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗