Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Cervical Cancer”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Role of screening in reducing invasive cervical cancer registrations in England.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the effect of screening on invasive cervical cancer registrations in England. SETTING: The Health of the Nation target for cervical cancer seeks to reduce the incidence of invasive cases (ICD 180) by at least 20% between 1986 and 2000. METHOD: The available area-level statistics on invasive cervical cancer registrations, screening activity, and socioeconomic and behavioural characteristics for 145 district health authorities in England over the period 1985-91 were collected. A multiple regression analysis sought to explain variations in incidence rates by relating screening and socioeconomic and behavioural variables to registration rates. RESULTS: Districts with higher unemployment levels and higher numbers of pregnancies in young women had higher registration rates for invasive cervical cancer. The cervical smear rate for women aged 35-64 in a district was positively related to registrations, whereas the relation was negative for the 20-34 age group. CONCLUSIONS: The higher registration rates for invasive cervical cancer in districts with higher cervical smear rates for women aged 35-64 may reflect historically lower screening cover. The negative relation between the cervical smear rate and invasive cervical cancer registrations in women aged 20-34 is accompanied by high registration rates for preinvasive (CIN III) cervical cancer (ICD 233.1). For the advantages of the Pap test to be fully realised, and for invasive cervical cancer registrations to fall in line with the Health of the Nation targets, a comprehensive screening programme, with a high take up rate is required. The various changes to the screening programme introduced since 1988 should help to achieve this. Public health policy should focus on educating the population about the risk factors for cervical cancer and the significance of screening.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Cervical cancer incidence and mortality in New Mexico's Hispanics, American Indians, and non-Hispanic whites.

High rates of cervical cancer were reported in New Mexico in the early 1970s, with especially high rates for minority women. We examined data collected from 1970 to 1987 for invasive cervical cancer and cervical carcinoma in situ for New Mexico's Hispanic, American Indian, and non-Hispanic white women to determine whether changes had occurred in cervical cancer rates since earlier reports. To further characterize the epidemiology of cervical cancer in New Mexico, we reviewed state vital statistics for cervical cancer deaths occurring between 1958 and 1987. From 1970 to 1987, the incidence for invasive cervical cancer among Hispanic (18.9 per 100,000 person-years) and American Indian women (22.0 per 100,000 person-years) was about double that for non-Hispanic white women (10.3 per 100,000). The incidence in each ethnic group decreased over time for both invasive cancer and carcinoma in situ when the data were examined by 2 time periods (1970 to 1978 and 1979 to 1987). These decreases were most dramatic for invasive cervical cancer. Cervical cancer-related death rates for Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites also decreased from 1958 to 1987. Although our data reflect declines in cervical cancer rates during the study period, further rate decreases, especially for minority women, remain an important public health goal in New Mexico.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The coverage of cervical cancer screening in Khon Kaen, northeast Thailand.

Cervical cancer is a common cancer in Thai women and one of the only cancers that can be readily cured if early detection is successful. The Pap smear is an accepted as an appropriate means for cervical cancer screening at present. However, there are still some management problems with early detection programmes. Since data showing how many women have been screened by Pap smear are limited in Thailand, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining coverage in a defined population in the sample area, Thakaserm sub- district in Nampong district, Khon Kaen province, Thailand. The investigation was carried out during June-August 2000 to collect information on history of screening for cervical cancer using questionnaires. All women aged 20 and above were asked to answer the set of questionnaires a total of 1199 women responded. There were 66.9% that reported having received a Pap smear test for screening for cervical cancer at least once. However, there were 33.1 % that had never undergone a Pap smear in their life. It is important to find a strategy to increase the coverage of cervical cancer screening programme for this population.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[National statistical parameters of cervical cancer in Romania: 1992-1997].

UNLABELLED: Cervical cancer is an important health issue in Romania, as the 1990-1992 statistics of IARC mentioned it to be first in Europe as mortality through this neoplasia. We bring to 1997 the national statistical data regarding the cervical cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Our data provided by the Romanian Health Ministry statistical Office allowed estimations over the following parameters: incidence (crude and age-related), prevalence and number of deaths, and relationships between these parameters and age group, clinical stage, geographical distribution, etc. Usual statistical methods of interpretation are used, as well as prognosis using the parabola methods, and world-standardized incidence rates. RESULTS: Between 1992-1997, there were 14743 new cases of cervical cancer diagnosed in Romania. The crude incidence per 100,000 was 21.27, and age-related incidence ranged between 0.27 per 100,000 for the under 20 to 46.73 in the 40-49 group. World standardized incidence rate indexed by age groups gave an incidence of 16.84. The mortality was 2.37, with world standardized age related deaths of 2.81. The clinical stage distribution showed stages 0 (15.02%), I (14.04%), II (34.91%), III (27.81%) and IV (8.19. The incidence and mortality data shows a better evolution for younger age groups, but a steady increase in 30-39 group for incidence and mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The data above place Romania on a stable but high incidence of cervical cancer, with a high mortality due to late diagnostic and socio-economical conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Antibodies against linear and conformational epitopes of human papillomavirus type 16 that independently associate with incident cervical cancer.

In a seroepidemiological study of incident cervical cancer, 94 cases and 188 population-based controls were used to evaluate the disease-association of IgG and IgA antibody responses against 6 human papillomavirus (HPV) type-16 antigens. Nine of the tested antibody responses were positively associated with cervical cancer, with odds ratios (ORs) ranging from 2.5 to 15.0. The antibody responses most strongly associated with cervical cancer were IgA against E6:10, an epitope derived from the carboxyterminal part of the HPV16 E6 [OR = 15.0, confidence intervals (CI) = 5.9-48.6], IgG against HPV16 virus-like particles (OR = 9.5, CI = 3.9-28.0) and IgG against the E1:19 epitope in the middle part of the E1 protein of HPV16 (OR = 7.7, C1 = 3.9-16.5). When the 3 serological assays that showed the strongest association with cervical cancer were combined, positivity for 2 assays was found among 52% of cases at an OR of 29.9. We conclude that antibody responses to several linear and conformational HPV epitopes are independently associated with cervical cancer and that combined analysis of several HPV antibody responses can result in better predictive values for HPV-associated cancer.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1993

Internal bacterial flora of solid uterine cervical cancer.

Twenty-five patients with uterine cervical cancer (Two cases stage O; four cases stage Ia; five cases stage Ib; one case stage IIa; ten cases stage IIb; two cases stage IIIa; one case stage IVa) served as the subjects. The bacterial flora inside the cervical cancers was investigated using the optimal technique. There was mixed abnormal aerobic and anaerobic bacterial flora in all subjects. The average number of bacterial species isolated from inside the cervical cancers was 6.3. The predominant bacteria isolated were the aerobes, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Escherichia coli and Gardnerella vaginalis, and Prevotella bivia. As the stages of cervical cancer progressed, G. vaginalis, B. distasonis and P. bivia were detected at higher rates and higher counts than other bacteria. These findings suggest that there is a relationship between G. vaginalis, B. distasonis and P. bivia and the onset and growth of cervical cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Clinicopathologic characteristics of large bowel cancer developing after radiotherapy for uterine cervical cancer.

PURPOSE: This study was designed to clarify the characteristics of large bowel cancer developing after radiotherapy for uterine cervical cancer. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed. RESULTS: The latent period was a mean of 20.5 years. The most common site was in the rectum (16/32). Mucin-producing carcinoma was observed in 53.1 percent, with an especially high rate of 75 percent in the rectum. Histologic radiation damage was also demonstrated at a high rate of 64.3 percent. CONCLUSIONS: It was difficult to judge from clinicopathologic findings whether large bowel cancer developed with relation to radiation effect. We emphasize, however, that the characteristics are different from ordinary large bowel cancer. Particular consideration should be given to the high incidence of mucin-producing carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed2005

Detection of human papillomavirus from archival tissues in cervical cancer patients in Mauritius.

BACKGROUND: Around half a million new cases of cervical cancer are diagnosed worldwide each year, accounting for almost 300,000 deaths. Development of cervical cancer can be multi-factorial, but high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV) have been associated with the aetiology of cervical cancer. It is believed that HPV DNA integrates into the host DNA causing abnormal cell growth with cells becoming carcinogenic and spreading metastatically. In Mauritius, cervical cancer account for 65% of gynaecological cancers and 3.4% of the cervical cancers are diagnosed at the stage of carcinoma in situ. OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of HPV in histological samples from patients with cervical cancer in Mauritius. STUDY DESIGN: DNA from archival cervical samples from a cohort of 65 patients suffering from cervical cancer and controls from Mauritius were tested for the presence of HPV using MY09/11 and GP5+/6+ primer sets. RESULTS: In a cohort of 65 patients from Mauritius, diagnosed with cervical cancer in the year 2000, 19% of cervical histology sections were found to be positive for the presence of high-grade HPV, exclusively HPV18 using MY09 and MY11 primers. Only 15% of the Mauritian population is over 50 years of age, whereas 66% (35) of the diagnosed cases of cervical cancer were seen in patients above 50 years with 50% (5) affected with HPV. These findings suggest that for an infection with HPV to develop into cancer may take years if not decades. Differences were noted using two different primer sets, MY09/11 and GP5+/6+. The latter produce a much smaller amplicon (150bp) compared to the former ( approximately 450bp). Seven additional positive cases were detected with the GP5+/6+ primer set, resulting in an apparent prevalence of 32% as compared to the 19% seen with the MY09/11 primer set. This may indicate that some degradation of the target DNA has occurred during processing and storage of histological samples. CONCLUSION: Using primer sets MY09/11 and GP5+/6+, only HPV type 18 was found in the Mauritian cohort with a prevalence of 32%.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMed1994

Towards achieving the Health of the Nation target for cervical cancer: accuracy of cancer registration.

To measure the accuracy of incidence rates for invasive cervical cancer derived from cancer registration data, a review of histopathology records was undertaken for all cases of invasive cervical cancer, a 20 per cent random sample of CIN 3 registrations and all cases of cancer of the uterus not otherwise specified (NOS) from Greater Manchester, which were registered by the North Western Regional Cancer Registry between 1988 and 1989. The subjects were 386 cases of invasive cervical cancer, 313 CIN 3 registrations and 69 cases of cancer of the uterus NOS. The main outcome measure was the incidence rate of invasive cervical cancer in Greater Manchester after adjusting for errors in cancer registration. It was found that 375 (97 per cent) of the 386 cases of invasive cervical cancer were verified against the original pathology report but 11 cases (3 per cent) had been registered as invasive cervical cancer in error. Nine cases of invasive cervical cancer were found to have been misclassified as CIN 3, and 10 cases as cancer of the uterus NOS. As the CIN 3 cases were a 20 per cent random sample of all CIN 3 registrations, the best estimate of the number of cases of invasive cervical cancer misclassified as CIN 3 is 45, which makes a total under-registration of 55 cases over the two-year period. After adjusting for under-and over-registration, the incidence rate of invasive cancer of the cervix in Greater Manchester for 1988-1989 increased from 16.5 to 18.1 per 100,000 population.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

England↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinic-based interventions to promote breast and cervical cancer screening.

BACKGROUND: Breast and cervical cancer continue to claim the lives of women. Early detection modalities for these cancers are available; however, utilization rates are far from optimal. Studies have documented the motivating effect that physician recommendations have on compliance with preventive health behaviors. The goal of this study was to develop and implement strategies to improve the use of cervical and breast cancer screening among African-American women age 40 and older who resided in low-income housing communities. METHODS: Baseline surveys among clinic providers and a random sample of women in the target population indicated areas to be included in intervention material. Community health center-based strategies included educational interventions for providers and patients, follow-up interventions for abnormal screening tests, and the implementation of a computer tracking system. Pap smear and mammogram utilization rates at the health center were tracked throughout the project period to assess the effect of the clinic-based interventions. RESULTS: Both Pap smear and mammography rates increased over time. Fifteen cases of breast cancer and 1 case of invasive cervical cancer have been detected. Compliance rates for follow-up for cervical dysplasia have increased from 50 to 90%. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that clinic-based interventions can improve the use of breast and cervical cancer screening and follow-up among low-income women.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Innovations in understanding the biology of cervical cancer.

Revelation of the connection between the human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical neoplasia and invasive cervical cancer is prompting new investigations to expand that understanding and promote vaccines, gene therapy, and other interventions. At the Second International Conference on Cervical Cancer (Houston, TX, April 11-14, 2002), laboratory and clinical researchers reported advances in new studies meant to increase understanding of the natural history of HPV and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, to evaluate new cervical cancer screening techniques, and to promote new therapies. Using K14-HPV type 16 transgenic mice, researchers are investigating the effects of estrogen on cervical cancer carcinogenesis, and results are lending support to epidemiological theories showing a difference in HPV infection rates and the development of cervical lesions in women using oral contraceptives. Other work involves investigating genes that are up-regulated by HPV infection and the role of the p53 homologue, p63, in cervical neoplasia evolution. Telomerase also is under investigation as a biomarker in high-risk populations. Gene therapy that replaced p53 in cervical cancer cell lines in vitro and a nude mouse model inhibited cell and tumor growth, confirming previous findings in squamous epithelial carcinomas of the head and neck. Furthermore, research in intracellular targeting of antigens to subcellular locations shows promise for treating cervical cancer preclinically. Identification of molecular changes in cervical cancer and knowledge about the importance of HPV infection in cervical cancer can lead to new therapies to treat existing cervical cancer and, in the long term, prevent the disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Accuracy of screening for cervical cancer in Taiwan, 1974-1984.

The cervical cancer screening program in Taiwan was carried out in two phases. This study attempted to estimate the specificity, predictive value, and cancer detection rate of screening for cervical cancer in Taiwan, 1974-1984. They were 99.30%, 46.28%, and 0.60% respectively for Phase I screening (1974-1978) and 99.44%, 50.14% and 0.57% respectively for Phase II screening (1979-1984). It was found consistently that the suspicious rate for women screened for the first time in Taiwan was around 1.30%. Some issues of laboratory errors (or technical errors) in the screening were discussed by screening year and by geographic area respectively. A problem in the cytologic laboratory which produced some technical errors resulting in high false negative results was identified. In order to correct the above laboratory errors, an intensive and obligatory training program including lecture and laboratory sessions was set up and a quality control protocol was established, in which 10% random samples were selected and re-read by the supervisor, and consistency was established and monitored. Besides, subjectivity of cytopathologists was also considered and discussed. Standardization and quality control of the cytopathological laboratory is the most important issue in the accuracy of screening for cervical cancer.

Chi-Square Distribution↗
PubMed2006

A systematic review of postcoital bleeding and risk of cervical cancer.

BACKGROUND: Postcoital bleeding may be a symptom of cervical cancer. Guidance to aid a GP in determining whom to investigate or refer exists but recommendations vary. Women need to be involved in decisions about their care and this involves communicating risk and an exploration of the implications of the risk. Risk estimates of postcoital bleeding for cervical cancer are not available. AIM: To provide an estimate of the positive predictive values of postcoital bleeding for cervical cancer to aid decision making in primary care about whom to investigate for cervical cancer. DESIGN OF STUDY: A systematic review. SETTING: Community, primary and secondary care. METHOD: Six electronic databases were searched from the beginning of each of their time frames. Inclusion criteria were that the study was published in English and reported or contained enough data to calculate the prevalence or incidence of postcoital bleeding within the study population. No studies were excluded on issues of methodological quality. RESULTS: The search strategy identified 910 unique articles. The point prevalence of postcoital bleeding in the community ranged from 0.7 to 9% among women. One study reported an annual cumulative incidence of 6% of menstruating women. The prevalence of postcoital bleeding in women with cervical cancer ranged from 0.7 to 39%. Calculation of risk that a woman in the community developing postcoital bleeding has cervical cancer ranges from 1 in 44,000 at age 20-24 years to 1 in 2 400 aged 45-54 years. There was no information allowing the direct calculation of risk in women presenting to primary care. CONCLUSION: The evidence base for management strategies of postcoital bleeding and calculations of risk for cervical cancer in women with postcoital bleeding are poor. Recommendations for clinical practice are made on the current evidence.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Sentinel lymph node identification with methylene blue in cervical cancer].

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Study of sentinel lymph node(SLN) in cervical cancer has been initiated since recent years, and there are still a lot of unknown factors about SLN identification in cervical cancer. This study was to investigate influential factors of identifying SLN with methylene blue in cervical cancer. METHODS: For 41 patients with cervical cancer enrolled from Jun. 2002 to May 2003, 2-4 ml of methylene blue was injected into cervix at 4-6 sites around the tumor about 90-400 min before operation. The blue-dyed lymph node (BDLN) was considered as SLN. HE staining in step sections, and immunohistochemistry were applied to detect SLN. The influential factors of using methylene blue to detect SLN in cervical cancer were assessed based on the identification rate of SLN, and its false negative rate. RESULTS: SLNs were detected in 31 of 41(75.6%) patients with cervical cancer of stage Ib1-IIb. A total of 85 SLNs were identified,and most frequently located in obturator fossa. SLNs were successfully detected in 20 of 23 (87.0%) patients who had no preoperative radiotherapy or chemotherapy, while in only 11 of 18 (61.1%) patients who had preoperative radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. SLNs were detected in only 17 of 27(63.0%) patients who were injected with 2-3 ml of methylene blue, while in all of 14 patients whose dose was 3.4-4 ml. Eight patients were confirmed of lymph node metastases by pathology. CONCLUSIONS: The dose of methylene blue recommended to detect SLN in cervical cancer is 3-4 ml. SLN varies in different sites, but most frequently located in obturator fossa.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Human papillomavirus and screening for cervical cancer: state of art and prospects].

More than 99% of all cervical cancers contain high risk HPV. Only a persistent infection with high risk HPV of the cervical epithelium results in cervical cancer. Because the risk of cervical cancer is identical for all different HPV types, tests which detect all 14 high risk HPV types at one time are sufficient for clinical management. Testing for hr-HPV is mandatory for women with mild dyskaryosis and for the follow-up of women treated for CIN lesions. Based on efficiency to detect CIN3 and cervical cancer and preliminary cost benefit analysis, the combination of a high risk HPV test in conjunction with a cervical smear appears to be the best way of cervical cancer screening. A definite point of view on using high risk HPV testing for primary screening for cervical cancer will be obtained after the completion of a randomized trial of 44,000 women, in which the efficiency to detect CIN3 and cervical cancer by high risk HPV testing in conjunction with a cytomorphological smear is compared with screening by classical cytology.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Cervical cancer as an AIDS-defining illness.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the importance of cervical cancer in the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related diseases at a single high-risk institution and to compare disease characteristics in HIV-infected women with cervical cancer and those with other AIDS-related malignancies. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed data on cervical cancer and AIDS in women registered through the New York City Department of Health and institutional tumor registries from 1987 through 1995. RESULTS: During the study period, cervical cancer was diagnosed in 28 HIV-positive women. In 26, cervical cancer was the initial AIDS-defining illness, representing 4% (26 of 725) of the subjects, and it was the sixth most common initial AIDS-defining illness in women. Cervical cancer was the most common AIDS-related malignancy among women, representing 55% of the cases, followed by lymphoma (29%) and Kaposi sarcoma (16%). In 71% of the women with cervical cancer, HIV infection was diagnosed at the time of cancer presentation by routine testing, whereas in women with other malignancies, HIV diagnosis preceded cancer diagnosis (70%) by a mean of 2.7 years. Patients with other malignancies had greater immunosuppression (mean CD4 count 153/microL) than those with cervical cancer (mean CD4 count 312/microL). The recurrence rate for women with cervical cancer was 88%. Although the interval from cancer diagnosis to death was similar in all three groups (9.1-12.4 months), cancer was the cause of death in 95% of HIV-infected women with cervical cancer, compared with 60% of those with other AIDS-related malignancies. CONCLUSION: In urban populations at increased risk for both diseases, cervical cancer is an important AIDS-defining illness and may be the most common AIDS-related malignancy in women.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2000

[E-cadherin expression and its clinical significance in cervical cancer].

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical significance of E-cadherin (E-CD) expression in cervical cancer. METHODS: Specimens of 60 cervical cancer, 10 normal cervical epithelia and 12 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN) were examined for E-CD expression by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: E-CD was expressed in all of 10 specimens of normal cervical epithelia. Positive staining was seen in 66.7% of CIN, 46.7% of cervical cancer. In cervical cancer, the frequency of abnormal E-CD expression was correlated to pathologic grade, lymph node metastasis and clinical stage (P < 0.05). The higher the pathologic grade of tumor, the lower was the expression of E-CD. Negative E-CD expression was significantly more frequent in the advanced stage of cervical cancer with lymph node metastasis. CONCLUSION: Decreased expression of E-CD is a useful parameter of cervical malignancy.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Micronuclei in cervical smears and peripheral blood lymphocytes from women with and without cervical uterine cancer.

Cervical cancer represents the second most common malignant neoplasia in women world-wide. In Mexico, cervical cancer is the most common female malignancy. It has been recently seen an increased frequencies of micronuclei (MN) lymphocytes and cervical epithelial cells of cervical cancer patients. The aim of this hospital-based unmatched case-control study was to investigate the association between progressive stages in development of cervical cancer and frequency of micronucleated cells in the cervical epithelium and peripheral lymphocytes of 40 women, grouped by disease stage. Women at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) in Monterrey, Mexico were diagnosed and classified on the bases of the Papanicolaou (PAP) smear and colposcopy/biopsy into control, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LGSIL), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HGSIL), and invasive groups. Analysis of the MN data in both cell types revealed (a) homogeneity among women within each of the four groups with regard to MN frequency, (b) in general, a correlation between MN frequency and grade of cervical lesion, and (c) a positive linear trend between the MN frequency and increased cervical cancer risk. In conclusion, we suggest that MN are a useful biomarker of cancer risk. Nonetheless, these results should be validated by other researchers.

Adult↗