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At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Use of a split bone graft to correct the cosmetic deformity associated with the transpetrosal-transtentorial surgical approach: technical report.

OBJECTIVE: Split bone graft reconstruction was performed after a standard transpetrosal-transtentorial approach to correct the cosmetic deformity in 18 patients. TECHNIQUE: The split bone graft was made by dividing the inner table of the temporosuboccipital bone graft and covered the bone effect created by petrosectomy and mastoidectomy. The split bone graft was created and shaped during closure of the dura, so that the operation was not prolonged. RESULTS: This technique produced excellent cosmetic results immediately after surgery; the results were maintained during the follow-up period of between 20 and 46 months. No complication associated with this technique was recognized. CONCLUSION: Split bone graft reconstruction is a simple and safe technique for preventing the cosmetic deformity associated with a transpetrosal-transtentorial approach.

Bone Transplantation↗
PubMed1983

Patients' perceptions of the cosmetic impact of melanoma resection.

This study investigated the relationship between primary versus grafted closure for melanoma and the cosmetic impact on the patient of the resulting scar. A total of 176 patients with melanoma completed a multiple-choice questionnaire designed for this study. Two factors were significantly related to negative cosmetic impact: severity of scar indentation (but not scar length) and the extent to which patients were unprepared for the actual size of their scars. Patients whose scars were deeply indented as well as those whose scars were larger than anticipated displayed greatest distress about their appearance. Cosmetic impact was greater for women than for men. These observations suggest that primary closures, rather than closures requiring skin grafts, have important psychological benefits for patients and that physicians can assist postoperative adjustment by giving patients accurate information about the expected appearance of their scars.

Body Image↗
PubMed2000

Treatment of facial wounds with botulinum toxin A improves cosmetic outcome in primates.

Surgeons have constantly sought to achieve the most aesthetic scar. A major factor determining the final cosmetic appearance of a cutaneous scar is the tension acting on the wound edges during the healing phase. Since Theodor Kocher pioneered the alignment of skin incisions with Langer's lines in 1892, surgical techniques that attempt to overcome closing tension have become standard. Yet, no treatment has been available to minimize underlying muscle contractions, which are the major cause of this tension. Botulinum toxin A is a potent drug that produces temporary muscular paralysis when injected locally. It has proven to be safe and effective in the treatment of a variety of disorders, including hyperkinetic facial lines. The objective of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled primate study was to investigate the efficacy of a single injection of botulinum toxin A to improve the cosmetic appearance of cutaneous scars. Symmetric pairs of standardized excisions were performed on either side of the forehead of six primates. The half foreheads were randomized to the botulinum toxin A treatment side versus the placebo injection side. A panel of three blinded facial surgeons assessed the cosmetic appearance of the mature scars 3 months postoperatively. The wounds that had been immobilized with botulinum toxin A were rated as significantly better in appearance than the control wounds (p < 0.01). Histologic examination confirmed that all scars were mature. Blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled human clinical trials are presently under way at the Mayo Clinic.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

The use of autologous platelet-rich plasma (platelet gel) and autologous platelet-poor plasma (fibrin glue) in cosmetic surgery.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a new technique of harvesting and preparing autologous platelet gel and autologous fibrin glue (body glue) and to evaluate their effectiveness in stopping capillary bleeding in the surgical flaps of patients undergoing cosmetic surgery. A convenience sample of 20 patients ranging from 25 to 76 years of age undergoing cosmetic surgery involving the creation of a surgical flap were included in the study. The types of surgical procedures included face lifts, breast augmentations, breast reductions, and neck lifts. Platelet-poor and platelet-rich plasma were prepared during the procedure from autologous blood using a compact, tabletop, automated autologous platelet concentrate system (SmartPReP, Harvest Autologous Hemobiologics, Norwell, Mass.). The platelet-poor and platelet-rich plasma were combined with a thrombin-calcium chloride solution to produce autologous fibrin glue and autologous platelet gel, respectively. Capillary bed bleeding was present in all cases and effectively sealed within 3 minutes following the application of platelet gel and fibrin glue. The technique for making the solution and for evaluating its effectiveness in achieving and maintaining hemostasis during cosmetic surgical procedures is described. Autologous platelet gel and fibrin glue prepared by the automated concentrate system are compared with autotransfusor-prepared platelet gel and Tisseel (Baxter Healthcare Corp.), a commercially prepared fibrin sealant preparation.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Cosmetic surgery and criminal rehabilitation.

The contribution of physical appearance to criminal behavior has long been a matter of general interest. We investigated the influence of cosmetic surgery on recidivism rates in the Texas state prison system. The baseline prison population recidivism rates have been 14%, 32%, and 36% at one, two, and three years, respectively. The study group consisted of 253 inmates who had cosmetic procedures between 1982 and 1984 and who were released from prison between the time of operation and the end of 1986. The recidivism rates, calculated by life table analysis, were 8% at one year, 17% at two years, and 25% at three years. All were significantly less than baseline (P less than .01, P less than .001, P less than .01). The rates for those who had been incarcerated for violent crimes were 3.3%, 7.7%, and 15.0% (all P less than .001). We conclude that a positive relationship exists between cosmetic surgery and criminal rehabilitation, as measured by a decrease in recidivism.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed2004

Randomized controlled comparison of cosmetic outcomes of simple facial lacerations closed with Steri Strip Skin Closures or Dermabond tissue adhesive.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the short-term complications and long-term cosmetic outcomes of simple facial lacerations closed with 3M Steri Strip Skin Closures or Dermabond. METHODS: Prospective, randomized controlled trial of children ages 1 to 18 presenting to a pediatric emergency department with simple low-tension lacerations of the face. After standard wound care, patients received wound closure with either Steri Strip Skin Closure or Dermabond. Pain associated with closure was evaluated on a 100-mm visual analogue scale (0 = no pain, 100 = worst pain). A follow-up telephone call was made a week after enrollment to determine short-term complications. Patients returned 2 months after would closure for wound photography. Cosmetic outcomes were evaluated by 2 plastic surgeons blinded to the method of wound closure on a 100-mm visual analogue scale (0 = best scar, 100 = worst scar). RESULTS: One hundred children aged 1 to 18 were enrolled. Ninety-seven patients had results analyzed. Forty-eight received Steri Strip Skin Closures and 49 received Dermabond. Patient demographics and wound characteristics were similar between groups. Pain scores on a 100-mm visual analogue scale were 9.0 mm for the Steri Strip group and 6.2 mm for the Dermabond group (P = ns). At short-term follow-up, there was one wound complication in the Steri Strip group and 7 complications in the Dermabond group (P = 0.06). Eighty-nine patients received 2-month evaluation (41 Steri Strip, 45 Dermabond). There was no difference in the mean visual analogue scale cosmesis scores: 37.2 mm (95% CI = 30.8-43.7) versus 43.8 mm (95% CI = 38.4-49.2) (P = 0.12). CONCLUSIONS: Steri Strip Skin Closures and Dermabond provide similar cosmetic outcomes for closure of simple facial lacerations. Steri Strip Skin Closure may represent a low-cost alternative for closure of simple facial lacerations.

Bandages↗
PubMed2006

Patient self-assessment of the cosmetic results of breast reconstruction.

BACKGROUND: In a previous study, the authors evaluated factors that contribute to patient satisfaction with breast reconstruction, using a comprehensive chart review and questionnaire. The results of part of this questionnaire, regarding patients' rating of the cosmetic result of their breast reconstruction, are presented in this article. METHODS: The questionnaire was mailed to 267 patients, 214 questionnaires (80.1 percent) were returned, and 200 contained a response to the question rating the overall cosmetic outcome of breast reconstruction (Fig. 1). To conduct a statistical analysis, the data were collapsed into two smaller groups. An "excellent" or "good" result was considered a "favorable" outcome, while lower responses were "unfavorable" outcomes. RESULTS: The outcome was rated as excellent by 82 patients, good by 76 patients, fair by 31 patients, and poor by 11 patients. A significant association was found between overall cosmesis and breast size, shape, or scars. CONCLUSION: It should not be assumed that patients' responses regarding satisfaction with reconstruction will reflect their specific feelings regarding cosmetic results.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed2004

Self-reported musculoskeletal symptoms among Danish women with cosmetic breast implants.

BACKGROUND: No epidemiological evidence of an association between silicone breast implants and connective tissue disease has been found. Based on case reports, it has been hypothesized that silicone breast implants may be associated with a unique rheumatic symptom cluster termed "atypical connective tissue disease." MATERIAL AND METHODS: We have evaluated self-reported rheumatic symptoms among women who received breast implants between 1977 and 1997 at 2 private plastic surgery clinics in Denmark. Women with other cosmetic surgery, including breast reduction, as well as women from the general population, were identified as controls. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences in mild (odds ratio [OR] = 0.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.6-1.3), moderate (OR = 0.7; 95% CI = 0.4-1.2), or severe (OR = 1.1; 95% CI = 0.6-2.1) musculoskeletal symptoms were observed when women with breast implants were compared with women with other cosmetic surgery. Compared with women from the general population, women with breast implants were statistically significantly less likely to have mild or moderate musculoskeletal symptoms (OR = 0.5; 95% CI = 0.3-0.7 and OR = 0.3; 95% CI = 0.2-0.5, respectively); for severe symptoms the deficit was not statistically significant (OR = 0.7; 95% CI = 0.3-1.3). For individual symptom groups, there was no consistent pattern of reporting among women with implants. CONCLUSION: We did not find an excess of rheumatic symptoms or symptom clusters among women with breast implants. In fact, the occurrence of mild, moderate, and severe musculoskeletal symptoms was generally lower among women with implants compared with women with other cosmetic surgery and women in the general population.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Chemically induced cosmetic alopecia.

Cosmetic causes of scarring alopecia are poorly documented. They include traction alopecia and hot-combing. Recently, another group has presented in the South London area, related to misuse of chemical hair straightening agents. Affected patients are young, female, of Afro-Caribbean origin, and typically display hair loss on the vertex of the scalp. Histology shows a pattern of fibrosis and inflammation characteristic of the physical damage seen with other cosmetic procedures. This histological pattern is distinguishable from other non-cosmetic causes of scarring alopecia.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

The cosmetic treatment of urticaria pigmentosa with Nd:YAG laser at 532 nanometers.

BACKGROUND: Urticaria pigmentosa is a cutaneous disorder involving infiltration of the skin with mast cells. Histologically the papillary dermis has an increased number of mast cells with an increase in basal layer pigmentation. In addition to possible systemic symptoms, patients with urticaria pigmentosa can suffer emotionally from the cosmetic nature of this skin disease. OBJECTIVE: The purpose was to investigate the use of a diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser at 532 nm for the treatment of the cosmetic comorbidity of urticaria pigmentosa lesions. METHODS: A 19-year-old white male with urticaria pigmentosa had multiple lesions on the dorsum of the hands and forearms. A test site on the right inner arm was treated with a DioLite 532 nanometer laser. Because of satisfaction with the treatment of the test site lesions, multiple lesions on the dorsal hands and forearms were also treated with the DioLite 532 nanometer laser. RESULTS: There was a dramatic clinical reduction in the amount of lesions on the dorsum of the hands and forearms. The test site lesions on the right inner arm had not recurred. CONCLUSION: The diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser at 532 nanometers should be considered part of a dermatologist's armamentarium for the treatment of a patient's cosmetic concerns with lesions of cutaneous mastocytosis.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1988

The dermatologist as cosmetic surgeon: recommendations for a high quality practice.

The skills of a good cosmetic surgeon evolve over a period of time, through training, experience, and confidence. They are seldom acquired from residency alone, and this is why four or more specialties successfully do cosmetic surgery. A number of guidelines are of assistance in learning it. The dermatologic surgeon has a unique and unsurpassed background for becoming a skilled, competent, and sought-after cosmetic surgeon.

Dermatology↗
PubMed2004

Image is everything: pearls and pitfalls of digital photography and PowerPoint presentations for the cosmetic surgeon.

BACKGROUND: Cosmetic surgery and photography are inseparable. Clinical photographs serve as diagnostic aids, medical records, legal protection, and marketing tools. In the past, taking high-quality, standardized images and maintaining and using them for presentations were tasks of significant proportion when done correctly. Although the cosmetic literature is replete with articles on standardized photography, this has eluded many practitioners in part to the complexity. A paradigm shift has occurred in the past decade, and digital technology has revolutionized clinical photography and presentations. Digital technology has made it easier than ever to take high-quality, standardized images and to use them in a multitude of ways to enhance the practice of cosmetic surgery. PowerPoint presentations have become the standard for academic presentations, but many pitfalls exist, especially when taking a backup disc to play on an alternate computer at a lecture venue. OBJECTIVE: Embracing digital technology has a mild to moderate learning curve but is complicated by old habits and holdovers from the days of slide photography, macro lenses, and specialized flashes. Discussion is presented to circumvent common problems involving computer glitches with PowerPoint presentations. CONCLUSION: In the past, high-quality clinical photography was complex and sometimes beyond the confines of a busy clinical practice. The digital revolution of the past decade has removed many of these associated barriers, and it has never been easier or more affordable to take images and use them in a multitude of ways for learning, judging surgical outcomes, teaching and lecturing, and marketing. Even though this technology has existed for years, many practitioners have failed to embrace it for various reasons or fears. By following a few simple techniques, even the most novice practitioner can be on the forefront of digital imaging technology. By observing a number of modified techniques with digital cameras, any practitioner can take high-quality, standardized clinical photographs and can make and use these images to enhance his or her practice. This article deals with common pitfalls of digital photography and PowerPoint presentations and presents multiple pearls to achieve proficiency quickly with digital photography and imaging as well as avoid malfunction of PowerPoint presentations in an academic lecture venue.

Documentation↗
PubMed2004

Successful treatment of a cosmetic tattoo using a combination of lasers.

BACKGROUND: Cosmetic tattoos are becoming more popular and are often composed of several colors. Tattoo pigments containing ferric oxide and titanium dioxide can change to a blue-black color after exposure to Q-switched lasers that can be permanent. OBJECTIVE: Using a patient who presented with rouge tattoos on the cheeks as an example, we describe a useful approach to laser treatment of cosmetic tattoos. METHODS: Test areas were done with the Q-switched Nd:YAG at both 532 and 1064 nm and with the pulsed-dye laser at 595 nm. RESULTS: Although an immediate blue-black color change occurred after treatment with the Nd:YAG at 532 and 1064 nm, sequential treatments at 1064 nm produced a near complete clearance of the tattoos. The pulsed-dye laser was used to remove subtle pink tones. CONCLUSION: Performing small test areas before complete treatment and using several laser wavelengths throughout the course of therapy are essential to the successful treatment of cosmetic tattoos.

Cheek↗
PubMed2005

Vitamin E: critical review of its current use in cosmetic and clinical dermatology.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The lipophilic antioxidant vitamin E has been used for more than 50 years in clinical and experimental dermatology. However, although a large number of case reports were published, there is still a lack of controlled clinical studies providing a rationale for clinical indications and dosage. In contrast, advances in basic research on the physiology, mechanism of action, penetration, bioconversion, and photoprotection of vitamin E in human skin have led to the development of numerous new formulations for use in cosmetics and skin care products. RESULTS: This article reviews the basic mechanisms and possible cosmetical and clinical implications of the recent advances in cutaneous vitamin E research. Experimental evidence suggests that topical and oral vitamin E has anticarcinogenic, photoprotective, and skin barrier-stabilizing properties. CONCLUSION: Although its current use is largely limited to cosmetics, controlled clinical studies for indications such as atopic dermatitis or prevention of photocarcinogenesis are needed to evaluate the clinical benefit of vitamin E.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1993

Misunderstanding of cosmetic products: a paradigmatic clinical case in a baby.

A 6-month-old baby had erythema, fissuring of the skin, and craquelé due to prolonged use of a liquid soap mistakenly believed to be a moisturizer. We think these kinds of skin disorders will become increasingly common due to such misunderstandings. The proliferation of cosmetic products for baby skin care, the increasing prescription of cosmetics by dermatologists for skin disease, and the increase in kinds of cosmetics with similar or unusual contents all encourage such accidents.

Erythema↗
PubMed1983

Inframammary pulse generator placement for maximizing cosmetic effect.

Today with the expanding clinical role of cardiac pacing and more advanced methods of detecting pacing problems, more and more young patients are being identified as candidates for permanent pacing. Concern has been expressed by young female patients over the cosmetic effects of pacemaker surgery. Two young female patients were evaluated from a physiologic and cosmetic point of view. The electrodes were placed via the percutaneous approach. The pulse generator was treated as a breast implant using the usual recommended plastic surgeon's inframammary approach. In both cases, optimal cosmetic effect was achieved without any external evidence of the pacemaker system.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Objective and subjective need for cosmetic dentistry in the Dutch adult population.

In order to assess the objective and subjective need for cosmetic dentistry in the Dutch adult population in 1986 a stratified sample of 2784 dentate persons, aged 15-74 yr, participated in the study. The aesthetics of anterior teeth and first premolars in the maxillary mandibular arch were determined by dental examiners as well as by the examinees. According to the dental examiners 16-63% of the people in the age range from 15 to 74 yr were in need of cosmetic dental care. Based on the patient's opinion (subjective need) these percentages varied between 18 and 40% in the different age groups. The discrepancy between the objective and subjective assessment in the percentage of people in need of cosmetic dental care increased with age.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relationship of cosmetic disfigurement to the severity of posttraumatic stress disorder in burn injury or digital amputation.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships of physical factors including physical functioning and cosmesis to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in patients with burn injury and in patients with digital amputation. METHODS: Subjects were 56 patients with burn injury and 26 patients with digital amputation. In addition to assessments of physical factors, psychiatric interviews were administered to examine mental disorders including PTSD and major depression. RESULTS: The prevalence rates of PTSD and major depression were 33.9 and 7.1% in burn-injured patients and 18.5 and 7.4% in patients with digital amputation respectively. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) revealed that, regardless of the severity of burn injury such as percentage of total body surface burned, female victims with cosmetic disfigurement (i.e., facial burn) exhibited PTSD symptoms, in particular PTSD symptoms of avoidance and emotional numbing. For subjects with digital amputation, MANOVA indicated that, regardless of the degree of physical functioning after replantation, female victims with cosmetic disfigurement exhibited PTSD symptoms. DISCUSSION: These findings suggest that, in female victims with burn injury and/or digital amputation, the degree of cosmetic disfigurement is related to the manifestation of PTSD symptoms of avoidance and emotional numbing.

Adolescent↗