Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “CLOTHING”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Seasonal cold, excursional behaviour, clothing protection and physical activity in young and old subjects.

Previous reports indicate that everyday excursional exposures may play a part in increased winter mortality (Donaldson et al 1997) and that the avoidance of cold stress is associated with low indices of cold related mortality in Europe (Eurowinter Group 1997). However, few prospective data have been reported on excursional data and risk factors for arterial disease. In a field study carried out on 21 young (mean age 23.5) and 24 elderly healthy subjects (mean age 73.6) there were no significant differences between winter and summer in the number or duration of outside excursions. Never the less, elderly subjects had significantly more clothing insulation (clo), both indoors and outdoors in the winter than in the summer (p < or = 0.001) and this was also the case for young subjects. The urine temperature of the elderly in the winter was significantly lower (p < or = 0.01) than in the summer but this was not seen in the young. Elderly physical activity was significantly higher in the winter than in the summer (p < or = 0.05) but not for the young. Thus, elderly subjects showed no material change in excursional behaviour in the winter, even though clothing protection was arguably inadequate in view of lower body temperature, accompanied by increased physical activity. Blood pressure was significantly higher in the winter (p < or = 0.01) in the elderly, though the extent to which activity levels contributed to this contrast is uncertain from these data.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Physiological-occupational requirements with reference to clothes protecting workers from low temperature and methods for the evaluation of heat insulation].

The authors specified a method regulating clothes production in accordance with physiologic and hygienic requirements that result from particular utilization conditions (ambient temperature, motion speed, energy expenditure, duration of exposure to cold). The article represents criteria for allowable heat state of human, requirements to heat insulation of clothes set and items (hat, mittens, and shoes) for various climate areas, for allowable duration of exposure to cold.

Cold Temperature↗
PubMed2001

Psychological and performance effects of chemical-biological protective clothing and equipment.

Civilian emergency response personnel who assist at chemical or biological disaster scenes are likely to be novices at functioning in chemical-biological (C-B) protective clothing (CBC) meant for use on contaminated battlefields. Such teams must be aware that CBC imposes numerous physiological, psychophysiological, and biomechanical effects on performance, and significant declines in individual and group performance effectiveness can be anticipated. Cumbersome protective suits, gas masks, rubber gloves, and protective overboots worn to clean up chemical spills or to respond to terrorist use of weapons of mass disruption, produce performance slow-downs requiring up to 30% more time to accomplish tasks, compromise communications, and raise the risk of dehydration, heat injuries, and other environmental and psychological stresses that impinge upon task completion. First-response workers who will wear cumbersome CBC need realistic, confidence-building, mission-related training in the C-B uniforms, clothing, and equipment available to them.

Humans↗
PubMed1999

[Comparative evaluation of methods accepted by Russian and international standards to assess total resistance of special cold-proof clothing set].

Experimental studies helped to compare methods determining and calculating total heat resistance of clothing sets accepted by Russian and international standards. Findings are that difference in the total heat resistance values calculated on humans and on dummies in relatively still air and quiet conditions is caused by measurement technique applied. Significant difference in the total heat resistance values calculated in windy conditions or during walk require further research aimed to study influence of those factors on clothes' heat resistance.

Cold Temperature↗
PubMed1992

[A hygienic study of new fabrics and models for ordinary work clothing for healthy workers].

Of the basis of literature information for the experience of other countries, data from the Institute of Hygiene and Occupational Health on the hygiene of textile materials and clothes, results from inquiry and additionally performed investigations new work-clothes for health workers are proposed, which have good hygiene and exploitation properties and suitable functioning.

Bulgaria↗
PubMed1992

Temperature and humidity within the clothing microenvironment.

The present study investigates clothing microenvironment conditions that may develop during prolonged exposure of workers to a hot environment. Five subjects were exposed to a linear increase in ambient temperature from 20-40 degrees C over a 90-min period, and then remained at 40 degrees C for an additional 90 min. During the exposures, subjects were clad in four types of helicopter personnel suits (Gore-Tex, Cotton Ventile, Nomex/Insulite, and Nomex/Neoprene), incorporating both dry-suit and wet-suit designs. Continuous assessment was made of skin temperature, rectal temperature, and of microenvironment temperature, relative humidity, and vapor pressure (T mu, RH mu, and VP mu) 8 mm from the surface of the skin. Results indicate that although microenvironment temperatures were similar among suits and slightly lower than that of the environment, the RH mu and VP mu were much greater than those of the ambient air. The Nomex/Insulite and Nomex/Neoprene suits showed the highest VP mu, of which only the Nomex/Insulite resulted in significantly greater increases in rectal temperature, likely due to complete covering of the body with the impermeable insulite component. The present study demonstrates the need to discern between the ambient conditions and the conditions encountered next to the skin when protective clothing is worn.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Clothing and protective gear for nursing occupations from the hygienic viewpoint: consensus of the DGKH section "Hygiene in Inpatient and Outpatient Care and Rehabilitation", May 2nd 2005].

Both in inpatient and outpatient care institutions often questions arise what kind of working clothes and additional protective equipment nurses have to wear in specific situations. To overcome these uncertainties, the section "Hygiene in inpatient and outpatient care and rehabilitation" of the German society for hospital hygiene (DGKH) has developed an overview, that shows which elements of working clothes and protective devices, especially gloves, should be used in the different fields of nursing practice. The comprehensive and well structured information should be considered as minimum standard for hygienic purposes.

Community Health Nursing↗
PubMed2005

Drug smuggling using clothing impregnated with cocaine.

A case study is presented where a woman travelling from South America to the Republic of Ireland was detained at Dublin Airport and articles of clothing she had in her luggage were found to be impregnated with cocaine. The study shows that the amount of powder recovered from the garments was approximately 14% of the total weight of the garments. The cocaine was in the form of cocaine hydrochloride and the purity was approximately 80%. An examination of the garments under filtered light highlighted the areas exposed to cocaine and indicated that the method of impregnation was by pouring liquid containing cocaine onto the clothing.

Clothing↗
PubMed1991

Ability of young children to button and unbutton clothes.

From 2 years of age, children enjoy trying to button and unbutton their jacket. The clothing of the children at this stage should have the form which fits their motor skills so as to develop their interest in buttons and to help their study in manipulating buttons. We observed processes of dressing and actions of buttoning and unbuttoning at the nursery school, for children in the 3.3-5.9 year range. Also, we experimented about dressing mainly for children in 2 year range to observe the process of manipulating buttons. As factors of experiment, we took two buttonhole directions (vertical and across) and three sizes of buttons (1, 2, 3 cm). The direction of buttonholes was significant at the 5% level. We recognized that buttonholes in the vertical direction were easier for children to button. We came to the following conclusion: for an open front of children's clothing, buttons having a 2 cm diameter and buttonholes in the vertical direction were the best.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

Heat exchange after cholinolytic and oxime therapy in protective clothing.

The effect of the currently fielded therapeutic antidotal (DRUG) combination (a cholinolytic, 2 mg of atropine sulfate, and an oxime, 600 mg of pralidoxime chloride) in combination with chemical protective Mission Oriented Protective Posture clothing (MOPP IV) was studied. Eight healthy male subjects participated in intermittent light physical activity (1.4-2.1 kcal/minute) in two distinct environments: 35 degrees C, 60% rh (95 degrees F, HOT) and 13 degrees C, 44% rh (55 degrees F, COOL). Subjects were exposed once to HOT wearing MOPP (CON) and once wearing MOPP after DRUG. Similarly, each subject was exposed to COOL wearing MOPP and MOPP after DRUG. Rectal temperature (Tre) and mean weighted skin temperature (Tsk) were not different between DRUG and CON during COOL. Exposure time during COOL was 350 minutes. Tre averaged .5 degrees C higher in DRUG than CON in HOT. The rate of core temperature increase was 2 times faster in DRUG than CON in HOT. Tsk was 1.0 degrees C higher in DRUG experiments in HOT. Whole-body sweating rate was 40% lower (p less than .05) in DRUG than CON experiments in HOT. Heart rate was 27 beats/minute higher by 30 minutes post-injection in DRUG at 35 degrees C. Exposure time was 213 +/- 30 minutes in CON and 190 +/- 38 minutes in DRUG at 35 degrees C. These data indicate the currently fielded therapeutic antidotal drug combination increases thermal strain in subjects exposed to a hot environment when wearing protective clothing. The results are applicable to subjects performing light, intermittent work. At higher work intensities, these findings of increased thermal strain would be exacerbated.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Heat-exercise performance of pyridostigmine-treated subjects wearing chemical protective clothing.

Pyridostigmine bromide is currently the pretreatment of choice for operation in a chemical warfare (CW) environment. Under CW conditions, subjects are exposed to thermal stress caused by CW protective clothing. This investigation was conducted to determine if pyridostigmine affects various physiological and biophysical parameters of human temperature regulation in subjects wearing CW protective clothing. Pyridostigmine was administered orally in a randomized double-blind cross-over study in four doses of 30 mg every 8 h. An average of 33% whole blood cholinesterase inhibition was induced in the pyridostigmine treated group 4 h after ingestion of last tablet. The subjects were exposed to 170 min exercise-heat stress (Tdb = 33 degrees C; rh = 60%) consisting of 60 min in a sitting position and two 50-min walks (1.39 m.s-1, 5% grade) separated by 10 min of rest. Non-evaporative heat exchange was significantly higher, -14.0 and -10.6 W.m-2 (p less than 0.03), for the pyridostigmine-treated subjects. No additional differences were found between treatments in the physiological responses and heat balance parameters at the end of exposure: heart rate (HR) was (mean +/- S.D.) 154 +/- 16 and 151 +/- 24 bpm, rectal temperature (Tre) was 39.0 +/- 0.4 and 38.9 +/- 0.2 degrees C, heat storage over the 2 h of exercise was 62 +/- 15 and 70 +/- 15 W.m-2, and sweat rate was 832 +/- 185 and 748 +/- 52 g.h-1, in the pyridostigmine and placebo treatments, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Performance and quality of sleep wearing NBC protective clothing.

Two separate studies were carried out to investigate the effect of wearing nuclear-biological-chemical aircrew equipment assembly (NBC AEA) protective clothing on performance and on overnight sleep. Performance at a series of tasks was measured, in six male subjects, during the day (0800-2000 hours) and at night (2000-0800 hours). Wearing the NBC assembly did not lead to significant decrements in performance compared with the normal aircrew equipment assembly (AEA). The sleep of six male volunteers was recorded electroencephalographically on two consecutive nights when NBC protective clothing was worn. Sleep was both shortened and disturbed, compared with overnight control sleep. There were some improvements on the second night, suggesting that individuals may adapt to wearing the NBC assembly.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Wind-chill equations predicting whole-body heat loss for a range of typical civilian outdoor clothing ensembles.

A thermal manikin with constant skin temperature and a wind-chill tunnel with constant air temperatures and wind speeds were used to measure whole-body heat loss for seven ensembles chosen to represent the full range of civilian outdoor clothing in use for everyday, nonsporting wear. Equations fitting the data with correlation coefficients exceeding 0.99 were derived for each ensemble, and diagrams were produced with these equations to interpolate and extend the range of conditions. The conditions studied were those resulting in total heat loss from 50 to 250 W.m-2, so very little extrapolation was required. The wind-chill equivalent temperature (with reference to 2 m.s-1), based on the average value for all seven ensembles, showed good agreement on this measure. The values predicted on the basis of whole-body heat loss through clothing were shown to be much lower than those predicted from the Siple wind-chill index for unprotected skin.

Air Movements↗
PubMed1989

[The choice of work clothes and the risk of ignition].

Cotton is easily ignited in atmospheric air. Aramid (Nomex) is only ignited if the oxygen concentration is 30% and the ignition temperature is 800 degrees C. Thirty one steelmill employees used one hundred and twenty suits of working clothes made of cotton, cotton/polyamide, cotton/polyester or Aramid (Nomex) in a four month period. 17% were more comfortable when using cotton/polyester. No differences were found between cotton and Aramid. Cotton should not be used as textile for working clothes in environments with risks of ignition.

Burns↗
PubMed1985

Permeability of four disposable protective-clothing materials to seven antineoplastic drugs.

The permeability of four types of protective-clothing material to seven injectable antineoplastic drugs was studied. The protective materials tested were Saranex-laminated Tyvek, polyethylene-coated Tyvek, nonporous Tyvek, and Kaycel. Circles 6 cm in diameter were cut from a single garment of each material and exposed to each drug. Permeation of cisplatin, etoposide, mitomycin, cyclophosphamide, carmustine, and thiotepa was assessed by the Salmonella mutagenicity test after four hours of exposure. Doxorubicin permeation was assessed qualitatively over an eight-hour exposure period using a coloration assay. Saranex-laminated Tyvek was not permeable under the test conditions. Polyethylene-coated Tyvek was slightly permeable to thiotepa and carmustine. Nonporous Tyvek was permeable to all seven drugs, and the Kaycel garment was permeable to all of the drugs except etoposide. In no instance did permeation exceed 3.3% of the applied drug dose. Saranex-laminated Tyvek was the most protective of the barrier garments, followed closely in effectiveness by the polyethylene-coated Tyvek. Clothing made from these two Tyvek composites would allow less air flow and, therefore, would be less comfortable to wear for extended periods. Garments made of nonporous Tyvek or Kaycel would be more comfortable, but their use should be accompanied by an awareness of their potential permeability to certain antineoplastic drugs.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1979

Prediction of body temperatures during exercise in flying clothing.

A mathematical model has been used to describe experimental results for core and skin temperatures in subjects undergoing a rest/activity cycle in two aircrew clothing assemblies at two environmental temperatures (wet bulb, globe temperature (WBGT) indices of 25.9 and 28.9 degrees C). The model presented compares well with published data for subjects in standard aircrew equipment assemblies. Aircrew flying at a WBGT of 28.9 degrees C in chemical defence clothing may reach an unacceptable level of mean body temperature within 40 min and deep body temperature will rise at 1 degree C.hr-1. To prevent deterioration in flying performance during repeated sorties, an alteration in the work/rest activity pattern or the introduction of effective cabin or personal conditioning systems may be required,

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed1984

[A new system for aerating airtight protective clothing such as gloves, boots and suits].

Airtight protective clothing covering the skin of the human body, such as for example rubber gloves or rubber shoes, lead to heat accumulation and through transpiration to changes of the skin. Cutaneous diseases are encouraged by this. The herein presented aeration system functioning through air channels supplied by exterior lines, is improving the unhealthy skin conditions and is making it more agreeable to wear protective clothing.

Humans↗