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At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Chromomycosis in a steroid-dependent patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Cutaneous chromomycosis developed in an elderly man with steroid-dependent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This patient had no history of foreign travel. Chromomycosis acquired in the United States is rare and may be seen in immunosuppressed patients, as exemplified by this case. Satisfactory response was observed in this patient with surgical debridement and continuing oral ketoconazole therapy.

Aspergillus↗
PubMed1984

Fungal and yeast infections of the central nervous system. A clinical review.

In the past 20 years, there has been a marked increase in the number of reported cases of meningitis and brain abscess due to fungi and yeasts. This increase is due in part to better diagnostic techniques and greater awareness of the possibility of fungal invasion of the nervous system; but the increase can also be attributed to a growing pool of severely compromised hosts, many of whom are undergoing treatment with adrenal glucocorticoids or immunosuppressive agents. The diagnosis and treatment of aspergillosis, blastomycosis, candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, infections caused by dematiaceous fungi, histoplasmosis, paracoccidioidomycosis, petriellidosis, and sporotrichosis, as well as relatively rare infections of the central nervous system caused by other fungi, are discussed. The efficacy of amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine in the treatment of CNS fungal and yeast infections is also evaluated.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Characterization of Fonsecaea pedrosoi melanin.

The constituents of the melanin complex from mycelial forms of Fonsecaea pedrosoi were partially characterized. The pigment was mainly accumulated on large alkali-extractable, electron-dense cytoplasmic bodies (melanosomes) and, apparently, on the outer layer of the cell wall as external deposits within verrucose outgrowths. Using electron microscopy and Thiéry's periodate/thiosemicarbazide/silver proteinate staining method, glycogen-like particles were also detected at the periphery of the cells. Melanin constituents comprised aromatic and aliphatic/glycosidic structures with a predominance of the latter. Infrared spectra showed the presence of hydroxyl, carbonyl and carboxyl groups. The aliphatic/glycosidic moiety consisted of fatty acids and polysaccharides with protein, in a ratio protein/polysaccharide 1:15. Rhamnose, mannose, galactose and glucose (in the ratio 1:2:4:3.5) were the constituents of the polysaccharide. Lipid components included even-numbered, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids (in the ratio 2:1) ranging from C16 to C18. Palmitic and oleic acids were the prominent fatty acids. Aspartic and glutamic acids, leucine, glycine and alanine were the major amino acids. Non-pigmented cells of F. pedrosoi were studied for comparison with the pigmented forms: they did not accumulate acid-insoluble precursors of melanin.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1985

Role of the fungal cell wall in the granulomatous response of mice to the agents of chromomycosis.

Mice were given, intraperitoneally, inocula of a cell-wall preparation and fractions thereof from Fonsecaea pedrosoi, F. compactum, Cladosporium carrioni and Phialophora verrucosum. Large doses of cell-wall preparation, with or without trypsin treatment, produced a pronounced loss of body weight, a granulomatous reaction and, sometimes, death. After extraction of the cell wall preparation with 1N NaOH, three fractions were obtained: an alkali-insoluble fraction 1; an alkali-soluble acid-insoluble fraction 2; and an alkali- and acid-soluble fraction 3. Intravenous administration showed that only fraction 1 induced a granulomatous reaction and death in mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Immunochemical characterisation of antigens and growth inhibition of Fonsecaea pedrosoi by species-specific IgG.

Antigens of Fonsecaea pedrosoi, the most common agent of chromomycosis, were characterised by immunoprecipitation with a rabbit antiserum raised against the cell-protein extract and serum from an infected patient. Thirteen antigens were commonly detected and, as some of these antigens could be iodinated, they may be present in the fungal cell wall. Purified IgG from the rabbit antiserum was shown to produce a 50-60% inhibition of fungal growth. Some of the antigens characterised may be important in relation to the stimulation of protective immunity against chromomycosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Activation of the alternative complement pathway by Fonsecaea pedrosoi.

Human sera were examined for evidence of complement activation by Fonsecaea pedrosoi. The serum that had been incubated with F. pedrosoi showed immunoelectrophoretic C3 conversion and generation of C5a, as measured by radioimmunoassay. C3 conversion and C5a generation did not occur in serum chelated with EDTA, or in serum heated to 56 degrees C for 30 min. Serum depleted of the heat (50 degrees C X 30 min)-labile factor B was also deficient in C3 conversion and C5a generation. Complement activation was not affected when the classical pathway was blocked by Mg++-EGTA. These studies indicate that F. pedrosoi can activate the complement system via the alternative pathway, with the resultant development of C5a.

Chromoblastomycosis↗
PubMed1978

Six years' experience in treatment of chromomycosis with 5-fluorocytosine,.

Twenty-three patients with chromomycosis were treated with oral 5-fluorocytosine for periods ranging from 2 to 67 months. Sixteen were considered cured, after 3 consecutive monthly controls showing healing of the lesions and absence of fungi in mycologic and histopathologic examinations of biopsy specimens. Seven, in spite of initial clinical improvement, showed resistance to treatment. Associated treatment with amphotericin B, calciferol or thiabendazole failed to help patients resistant to 5-fluorocytosine. Resistance seems to occur especially in those with long-standing lesions or widespread involvement.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Longitudinal melanonychia of the toenails with presence of Medlar bodies on biopsy.

A 9-year-old girl presented with a 2-year history of pigmented streaks on her second right toenail as well as on her fourth and fifth left toenails. The patient was otherwise asymptomatic with no other physical findings. Owing to parental concern, a biopsy was performed, which revealed numerous bacteria as well as Medlar bodies overlying the nail bed with no evidence of a nevomelanocytic lesion. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Medlar bodies causing pigmented streaks in the toenails.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1977

A case of chromomycosis treated with 5-fluorocytosine.

A 46-year-old housewife was treated orally with 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC). She was almost cured at 15 weeks after the administration. Under histological and electron microscopical examination, spores in the lesions were observed to be markedly decreased in number, and all of them had suffered a change of shape or had been destroyed. At the end of 33 weeks, however, the patient had a complete relapse.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1996

A case of chromomycosis with tumor-like growth.

A 66-year-old woman who lived on Tokunoshima Island, a small and remote southern island of the Japanese archipelago, had suffered from chromomycosis for more than 30 years and presented with a tumor-like growth on the posterior crural region of his right leg. Fonsecaea pedrosoi was identified as the pathogen from its growth pattern and micromorphological characteristics. The patient was successfully treated with 5-fluorocytosine, itoraconazole, and topical thermotherapy.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1996

Treatment of chromomycosis with terbinafine: preliminary results of an open pilot study.

In an open trial, long courses (6-12 months) of terbinafine at a dosage of 500 mg/day were administered orally to 43 patients with a diagnosis of chromomycosis. Sixteen patients (37.2%) had previously relapsed after one or two courses of thiabendazole. A spectacular improvement in the lesions, including disappearance of bacterial superinfections and of associated oedema and elephantiasis, was observed as soon as 2-4 months after the beginning of treatment. The mean number of fungal cells in skin scrapings fell by about 70% in 4 months. Mycological cure, as judged by skin scrapings, was observed in 41.4, 74.1 and 82.5% of patients infected with Fonsecaea pedrosoi after 4, 8 and 12 months of therapy, respectively. For the first time with this disease, total cure was observed even in imidazole-refractory patients or chronic cases (47.2% with a lesion present for longer than 10 years). The efficacy of terbinafine in Cladosporium carrionii-infected patients seemed higher, as indicated by the examination at 4 months.

Antifungal Agents↗