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At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Myelin basic protein in cerebrospinal fluid in neurocysticercosis].

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 115 patients with several neurological disorders were tested for the presence of myelin basic protein (MBP), fragment P1 43-88. Cases were divided into groups according to neurological diagnosis. The control group (50 patients with chronic headache) presented normal CSF composition and presented no evidence of the presence of MBP. MBP was found in: four cases of the 44 of neurocysticercosis; three of the 8 cases of multiple sclerosis; one case of schistosomiasis with spinal cord involvement. Neuroimmunological data are discussed considering results found in this investigation.

Central Nervous System Diseases↗
PubMed1992

Age-related changes of neuron-specific enolase, S-100 protein, and myelin basic protein concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid.

Studies on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), S-100 protein, and myelin basic protein (MBP) in patients with neurological lesions indicate a quantitative relation between the degree of cell damage in the central nervous system (CNS) and the concentration of these CNS-specific proteins in CSF. Thus NSE, S-100, and MBP could be of use as markers for destructive processes in the CNS. We collected 937 specimens of CSF from children and adults (from newborns to age 91 years) who were undergoing a diagnostic lumbar puncture for several clinical indications. Of these, 79 samples from subjects ranging in age from 0.7 to 66 years could be used retrospectively to construct a reference interval according to our criteria. In these 79 samples no sex dependency existed. The relative increase of NSE, S-100, and MBP with age was similar (1% per year), suggesting a common underlying mechanism. These results emphasize the necessity of using age-matched reference values when the CNS-specific proteins are to be evaluated in neurological diseases. We also present three case histories to discuss the possible clinical relevance of the measurement of NSE, S-100, and MBP in children and adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The role of transthyretin in the transport of thyroid hormone to cerebrospinal fluid and brain.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) transthyretin (TTR), the main CSF thyroxine (T4) carrier protein in the rat and the human is synthesized in the choroid plexus (CP). After injection of 125I-T4 in the rat, radioactive T4 accumulates first in the CP, then in the CSF and later in the brain. We have shown that competitive inhibition of T4-TTR binding sites in the CP and CSF by a flavonoid results in a decrease in the radioactivity present in the brain after i.v. injection of 125I-T4, suggesting that T4 transported to the CSF via the CP is a significant pathway for the supply of thyroid hormones to the brain.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Partial purification of two distinct enkephalin-degrading aminopeptidases from human cerebrospinal fluid.

In human cerebrospinal fluid, aminopeptidase, dipeptidyl aminopeptidase, dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase, and carboxypeptidase which were capable of hydrolyzing enkephalins were detected. Among these enzymes, two distinct aminopeptidase, designated C-AP1 and C-AP2, were partially purified. These enzymes were not purified thoroughly, but the characteristics of C-AP2 were similar to those of an aminopeptidase purified from monkey brain. But the inhibitory activity of amastatin on C-AP2 was stronger, and that of substance P was negligible. On the other hand, characteristics of C-Ap1 were extremely differ from those of C-AP2 or an aminopeptidase purified from monkey brain. C-AP1 had an optimum pH more in the acidic range (the highest at pH 6.0) and was not inhibited by any of the protease inhibitor tested including bestatin and amastatin.

Aminopeptidases↗
PubMed1977

Chemotherapy of human nervous system tumors: influence on cerebrospinal fluid sterols.

The cerebrospinal fluid levels of cholesterol, desmosterol, and the ratio 100 D:C taken from a study of 59 patients are reported. The patients, who had tumors of the nervous system, underwent neurosurgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy with 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea or 1-(2-chlororethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea. The relationships among the levels of these three parameters and the clinical and neuroradiologic evolution are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

The effect of cerebrospinal fluid drainage on cerebral perfusion in traumatic brain injured adults.

Cerebrospinal fluid drainage is a first line treatment used to manage severely elevated intracranial pressure (> or = 20 mm Hg) and improve outcomes in patients with acute head injury. There is no consensus regarding the optimal method of cerebrospinal fluid removal. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether cerebrospinal fluid drainage decreases intracranial pressure and improves cerebral perfusion and to identify factors that impact treatment effectiveness. This study involved 31 severely head injured patients. Intracranial pressure and other indices of cerebral perfusion (cerebral perfusion pressure, cerebral blood flow velocity, and regional cerebral oximetry) were measured before, during, and after cerebrospinal fluid drainage. Arterial and jugular venous oxygen content was measured before and after cerebrospinal fluid drainage. Patients underwent three randomly ordered cerebrospinal fluid drainage protocols that varied in the volume of cerebrospinal fluid removed (1 mL, 2 mL, and 3 mL) for a total of 6 mL of cerebrospinal fluid removed. There was a significant change in the intracranial pressure from a mean at baseline of 26.1 mm Hg (SD = 4.4) to 22.1 mm Hg immediately after drainage. One third of patients experienced a decrease in the intracranial pressure below 20 mm Hg; in two patients the intracranial pressure dropped less than 1 mm Hg. The following factors predicted 61.5% of the variance in the responsiveness of intracranial pressure to drainage: vecuronium hypothermia, baseline cerebral perfusion pressure and acuity of illness. Cerebrospinal fluid drainage provides a transient decrease in intracranial pressure without a measurable improvement in other indices of cerebral perfusion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Diffusion of fosfomycin into the cerebrospinal fluid in purulent meningitis].

Cerebrospinal fluid levels of fosfomycin were measured in 10 patients with bacterial meningitis. Fosfomycin 200 mg/kg/day was administered in three 4-hour intravenous infusions. The antibiotic was associated with amoxicillin in 9 patients and with cefotaxime in one. Cerebrospinal fluid was obtained on the 2nd and 5th days of treatment, 2 hours after the end of the infusion. The mean CSF fosfomycin levels were 31 mg/l on the 2nd day and 37.2 mg/l on the 5th day. These levels were higher than the MIC 90 for most bacteria encountered in meningitis. Fosfomycin could be used to treat some cases of bacterial meningitis, but always in association with another antibiotic.

Adult↗
PubMed1972

Cerebrospinal fluid choline in extrapyramidal disorders.

Cerebrospinal fluid from patients with Parkinson's disease and Huntington's chorea has been investigated with regard to the concentration of choline. In Parkinson's disease the choline concentration of lumbar spinal fluid was not different from that of a control group, nor was it related to medication, duration of illness, or severity of symptoms. A comparison between choline in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid from patients with Parkinson's disease and with intention tremor showed no significant differences. Patients with Huntington's chorea had a lower concentration of choline in lumbar spinal fluid as compared with a control group. The results are discussed in relation to the possible sources of cerebrospinal fluid choline.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed2002

Extremely rare complications in cerebrospinal fluid shunt operations.

The cerebrospinal fluid shunt operation, from its first realization in 1908 by Kausch till our days, is still of a significant importance for the long-term treatment of the internal hydrocephalus. Well known are many complications connected with the use of the valve systems (malfunction, infectious, overdrainage, secondary craniosynostosis and etc.). For a period of 17 years (1984-2000) at the Clinic of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Sofia Medical University, 414 cerebrospinal fluid shunt operations were performed on children. 216 were drained to the right atrium of the heart, 198 to the peritoneal cavity. They were followed up by catamnesis until the year 2001. The authors describe 2 extremely rare cases with post-shunt complication as a result of a malfunction of the valve system, owing to a migration of the distal catheter: 1) in the anus; 2) in the urethra. In the first case the distal catheter perforated the colon transversum and by the way of the intestines went out through the anus. In the second case the distal catheter protruded out of the body through the bladder and the urethra. Their clinical appearance, the diagnostic examinations and the operative treatment are shown.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1976

Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea.

A case of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea with recurrent meningitis is reported. The route of cerebrospinal fluid leak was through the internal auditory meatus. The cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea was stopped by packing the meatus with muscle and Gelfoam.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1985

Endogenous anticonvulsant substance in rat cerebrospinal fluid after a generalized seizure.

Cerebrospinal fluid taken from rats subjected to electroshock-induced seizures and injected into the cerebral ventricles of rats that had not been shocked increased the seizure threshold of the recipients. The anticonvulsant activity of the donor cerebrospinal fluid was antagonized by opioid antagonists and enhanced by peptidase inhibitors. These results suggest the existence of an endogenous anticonvulsant substance in rat cerebrospinal fluid, possibly opioid in nature, which is activated as a consequence of a seizure and which may play a critical role in postseizure inhibition.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Use of the directigen latex agglutination test for detection of Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Neisseria meningitidis antigens in cerebrospinal fluid from meningitis patients.

Cerebrospinal fluid specimens from 257 persons were tested for the presence of bacterial antigens by counterimmunoelectrophoresis and the Directigen meningitis test (Hynson, Westcott & Dunning, Div. Becton Dickinson & Co., Baltimore, Md.). The specimens were obtained from 162 patients with meningitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A and C and from 95 patients without bacterial meningitis or meningitis caused by other bacterial agents. Directigen detected H. influenzae type b antigen in 83% (69 of 83) of the specimens obtained from patients with H. influenzae disease, pneumococcal antigen in 77% (30 of 39) of the specimens from patients with pneumococcal disease, and N. meningitidis antigen in 93% (37 of 40) of the specimens from patients with disease caused by N. meningitidis serogroups A and C. The comparable figures for counterimmunoelectrophoresis were 66% (55 of 83), 79% (31 of 39), and 78% (31 of 40), respectively. No false-positive reactions were reported with the Directigen reagents. Nonspecific reactions (agglutination with more than one of the four Directigen latex reagents) were noted with five specimens. The nonspecific reactions were resolved in four of the five specimens by heating (100 degrees C for 3 min). The accumulated data demonstrate that the sensitivity of the Directigen meningitis test is better than or at least equivalent to the sensitivity of counterimmunoelectrophoresis for the detection of antigens in cerebrospinal fluid.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed2004

Difficulties in establishing reference intervals for special fluids: the example of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and homovanillic acid in cerebrospinal fluid.

Biochemical measurements in "special fluids" are complicated with the problem of reference intervals. Reference intervals are difficult to establish for these types of samples since they are usually only collected in patients with clinical suspicion of disease. Determination of neurotransmitter metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid illustrates this difficulty. This paper will review the factors and circumstances that have been identified or are suspected to modify the concentration of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) in cerebrospinal fluid. In addition to obvious parameters such as age-related variation that can affect the concentration of 5-HIAA and HVA in cerebrospinal fluid, a variety of other factors can explain the wide range of "control" group sizes reported in the literature. Reference intervals must take into account the purpose of cerebrospinal fluid examinations, whether they be prospective studies to explore physio-pathologic relationships or for diagnostic purposes. In the latter case, certain neurological disorders cannot be excluded if a single measured value is within the reference interval.

Biogenic Monoamines↗
PubMed1983

[Function of purification drainage of the central nervous system through the cerebrospinal fluid].

It has long been known that the cerebrospinal fluid can not be the nervous system lymph, and Mestrezat, in his authoritative book of the year 1912, demonstrated it plainly. Davson has undertaken this subject and suggested the hypothesis of a sink action of cerebrospinal fluid, allowing a slow leakage of solutes from nervous tissue extracellular space. In order to test this hypothesis, Oldendorf and Davson performed a series of animal experiments and they demonstrated that there was leakage of the solute into cerebrospinal fluid. Based on the idea of this sink action of cerebrospinal fluid, some possible physiological implications were considered such as the mechanism of origin of the ventricle-subarachnoid cerebrospinal fluid protein gradient; the mechanism of protection of the central nervous system against the harmful substances of the blood stream; and the homeostatic mechanism whereby the concentration of some ions of the fluid remains constant. Also, it is considered the possibility of a sink action of cerebrospinal fluid in the resolution of brain edema in water intoxication and other types of central nervous system edema.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Capillary gas chromatography combined with ion trap detection for quantitative profiling of polyols in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma.

Polyol species in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma--ribitol, arabitol, xylitol, 1,5-anhydrosorbitol, myo-inositol, mannitol, sorbitol, and galactitol--simultaneously were quantitated by a capillary gas chromatography/ion trap (mass spectrometric) detection method. The details of the methodology are discussed and the results of analysis of polyols in healthy human subjects are reported. Microliter volumes of cerebrospinal fluid or plasma were mixed with internal standard (deuterium labeled myo-inositol), deproteinized, and evaporated to dryness. Polyols were acetylated in the presence of pyridine catalyst and washed with sodium bicarbonate solution and the acetate derivatives were recovered. Standard curve solutions were similarly treated. The polyol components were resolved on a capillary column bonded with 50% phenyl-50% methyl polysiloxane. Chemical ionization mass spectra for the acetate derivatives of polyols were generated in an ion trap using acetonitrile as reagent gas. Each polyol yielded a fragment ion in 100% abundance arising probably from the loss of one acetate moiety from the protonated molecule. These ions were monitored. The relative standard deviation (within-day) for quantitation of polyols was not greater than 8% for cerebrospinal fluid and 15% for plasma matrix. A polyol profile in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma was determined in healthy human subjects and a cerebrospinal fluid/plasma concentration ratio larger than 1.0 was found for all polyol species except 1,5-anhydrosorbitol and xylitol. This assay technique will be used to study the role of polyols in central nervous system diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Cerebrospinal fluid vasopressin and increased intracranial pressure.

Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma vasopressin were measured in patients with cerebral disorders associated with varying levels of elevated intracranial pressure. The mean cerebrospinal fluid vasopressin concentration was significantly increased in patients with pseudotumor cerebri (2.0 +/- 0.2 [SEM] pg/ml), intracranial tumor (2.3 +/- 0.4 pg/ml), and intracranial hemorrhage (1.9 +/- 0.3 pg/ml) compared with control patients (1.2 +/- 0.1 pg/ml). A significant relationship was found between intracranial pressure and the cerebrospinal fluid vasopressin concentration within all groups of patients and in the whole sample as well (r = 0.79; p less than 0.001). In the groups of patients with intracranial tumor, hydrocephalus, and intracranial hemorrhage, some individuals showed plasma vasopressin concentrations inappropriate to the corresponding plasma osmolality, but no relationship was found between intracranial pressure and plasma vasopressin concentration. It is suggested that increased intracranial pressure is a stimulus to centrally released vasopressin. The clinical importance of increased cerebrospinal fluid vasopressin concentrations is still not known.

Adolescent↗