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PubMed1986

Radon gas: contractor liability for an indoor health hazard.

Many families throughout the United States have recently detected dangerously high concentrations of radon gas inside their homes. Radon, a carcinogenic gas produced from uranium, has been discovered in structures overlying uranium-bearing rock. This discovery may result in litigation to determine contractor liability for building upon radon-releasing rock sites. This Note examines the strengths and weaknesses of the various theories of contractor liability and considers potential statutory claims under the Clean Air Act. The Note suggests, as an alternative approach to recovery, a proposed regulatory scheme and implementation plan.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1986

Safety considerations in clinical engineering.

Clinical engineering is a professional specialty which emerged in the 1960s primarily in response to concern about the hazard of electrocution in hospitals. It has already developed to encompass a much broader range of topics affecting the safe and effective use of technology in health care. However, safety remains as one major focus of clinical engineering. In this paper, issues arising in relation to electrical safety and treated in considerable detail. The next major safety area of concern involves medical gases. This area is newer and, consequently, the issues are less well resolved and therefore it is treated in less detail. Other safety issues, which are numerous, await review at some time in the future.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed1985

Indoor climate problems in day institutions for children. Practical, Administrative and policy perspectives.

Based on case material from the late 1970s and early 1980s from the Institution of Medical Officers of Health covering a Danish county some examples of practical indoor climate problems in day institutions for children are given. Insufficient ventilation of premises is probably the single most important factor in the development of indoor climate problems. An effective cleaning generally improves the indoor air. The study particularly illustrates the administrative and policy perspectives of the decision making process. Those that make decisions on indoor climate problems unfortunately seem to favour a narrow definition of health, i.e. the absence of overt disease; and they are not always aware that the relationship between indoor climate factors and health effects cannot be proven in an absolute sense. Experts on the scientific aspects are needed but their statements are influenced by personal values and their perception of the reasonable balance between health protection and social costs. One of the main factors influencing the indoor climate situation in Danish day institutions for children has been the lack of an adequate regulatory framework; and the central administration and responsible ministers have failed to use the already existing legislative powers to prevent problems. Decision making in cases on the indoor climate of institutions should be accelerated; we cannot wait for proof before taking preventive measures. The indoor air of institutions is a "public good" to the same extent as the ambient air and the responsible authorities have an obligation to regulate accordingly. When building regulations prove insufficient other central authorities must support local decision makers with more specific directions. Testing of building materials, hazard rating and an approval system is needed. Guidelines on indoor climate requirements for public institutions should be developed. In countries with a built-up system of child institutions and a decreasing birth rate it is especially important to improve the already existing institutions. In our regulatory and administrative practice we must restore the balance between the present concern for the health of the adult working population and the insufficient protection of children. We obviously need more research but increased attention should be paid to the administrative and political barriers that prevent improvements of the indoor air.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Isolated power systems.

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Anesthesia Department, Hospital↗
PubMed1994

[Noise level in Szczecin schools and selected health indicators of students].

There was an examination made in thirty schools chosen at random in Szczecin as for the level of indoor and outdoor noise. In two-thirds of the schools noise was found out to exceed the accepted limit. There was larger number of children with hearing deficiencies and/or psychic disturbances in those schools. The conclusion of the investigation can be drawn that one of the causes of transgression of indoor noise limit in newly built schools is the use of building materials of low insulating power. Additionally green areas should be set up and acoustic screens in order to separate schools in the centre of the city which are exposed to a high level of outdoor noise.

Adolescent↗