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At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Controlled clinical trial of methylprednisolone in patients with chronic bronchitis and acute respiratory insufficiency.

To evaluate the role of corticosteroids as treatment for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, we conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in 44 consecutive patients with chronic bronchitis and severe airflow obstruction. All were hospitalized with acute respiratory insufficiency from acute bronchitis. Patients with asthma, atopy, or pneumonia were excluded. Treatment consisted of intravenous aminophylline, inhaled isoproterenol, antibiotics, and either methylprednisolone, 0.5 mg/kg of body weight, or placebo every 6 h intravenously for 72 h. Bedside spirometry was done before and after bronchodilator inhalation three times daily. The methylprednisolone-treated group had a greater improvement in both prebronchodilator and postbronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second (P less than 0.001). More patients with large improvements in their prebronchodilator or postbronchodilator flow rates, or both (greater than or equal to 40% by 72 h), received methylprednisolone (P less than 0.01). Methylprednisolone improved airflow more than placebo when added to standard therapy in patients with chronic bronchitis and acute respiratory insufficiency.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Efficacy of theophylline in "irreversible" airflow obstruction.

We studied ventilatory, hemodynamic, and subjective responses to different plasma theophylline concentrations in 10 patients with "irreversible" airflow obstruction. Subjects received theophylline at doses that produced low (9.0 to 12.5 micrograms/mL) and high (17 to 22 micrograms/mL) peak plasma concentrations; subjects also received placebo. A significant (P less than 0.05) dose-related difference in pulmonary function was observed between each treatment. The mean maximal increase in forced expiratory volume at 1 second over placebo was 21.3% for high-dose theophylline and 6.0% for low dose. Both treatments were well tolerated with respect to hemodynamic changes and other adverse effects. Despite improved findings in pulmonary function tests patients were unable to distinguish either treatment from placebo in terms of improvement in breathlessness.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

[Evaluation of a broncho-pulmonary cancer patient].

A complete check-up is indispensable in patients suffering from broncho-pulmonary cancer, in order to establish a base-line for the lesions, and necessary in order to pose possible surgical indications. It must make use of the clinical examination and various instrumental exploratory methods which must be used with discrimination depending on the benefits which can be expected of them. Clinical examination is essential; it enables analysis of the symptoms and evaluation of the general condition. Investigation of the progressive potential of the cancer is based on the histological study, evaluation of the subject's state of immunity and the time for the tumor to double in size. Functional respiratory investigation is indispensable for any possible surgical discussion. Its importance equals the assessment of local extension of the tumor, of mediastinal glandular involvement and the result of vascular involvement checks. Finally, the identification of metastases remains essential, although deceptive, inspite of progress in the means of investigation which can be used.

Angiography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computer interpretation of pulmonary function tests.

A computer program for interpretation of pulmonary function tests, including flow-volume loops, lung volumes, and diffusing capacity, is described. Comparisons of data obtained before and after administration of bronchodilators and comparison with previous tests are also available as part of the program. Computer interpretation of pulmonary function testing accelerates the reporting of test data and may have a role in education in the discipline of respiratory medicine and related fields.

Bronchospirometry↗
PubMed1999

Contribution of ipratropium bromide to the bronchodilator test in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

The aim of the study was to analyze the bronchodilator test (BDT) response to ipratropium bromide (IB) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who do not respond to inhaled terbutaline. Sixty patients with stable COPD who showed a negative response to BDT, defined as an increase of less than 160 ml in the forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) after inhaling 1500 microg of terbutaline, were recruited. Each patients randomly received 200 microg of IB or placebo in a single blinded fashion, and a spirometric study was made at 30 and 60 min. The increase in absolute values of FEV1 at 30 and 60 min after IB was significantly higher than after placebo. The means +/- SD were 126 +/- 93 vs. 70 +/- 96 ml at 30 min and 148 +/- 120 vs. 74 +/- 132 ml at 60 min (P=0.01). The BDT was positive in 57% of patients who received IB, considering a positive response as an increase of FEV1 greater than 160 ml (P=0.01). We conclude that the BDT was positive with high doses of IB in more than half of COPD patients who did not respond to terbutaline alone.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

[Reactivity of bronchi in workers exposed to various pneumotropic substances].

Determining risks of bronchial asthma is one of the main tasks in contemporary occupational pulmonology. The important risk factor is nonspecific increased reactivity of bronchi. The work was aimed to determine occurrence of nonspecific increased reactivity of bronchi in individuals working with pneumotropic polluters and to test a new method determining.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1975

Exercise-induced asthma in children with intrinsic and extrinsic asthma.

The significance of intrinsic asthma as a diagnosis has been questioned since, except for the lack of evidence of allergy, there is no pathophysiologic distinction from extrinsic asthma. Following a standardized exercise stress, allergic (extrinsic) asthmatics respond with more severe asthma than do nonallergic (intrinsic) asthmatics. The incidence of significant exercise-induced asthma is greater in a group of extrinsic asthmatics than in intrinsic asthmatics. Extrinsic asthmatics show increased airway sensitivity during a significant pollen season.

Adolescent↗