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A descriptive statistic analysis of general pediatric books and pamphlets, mentioning the number of titles in circulation at international level, and their distribution by languages, places of impression and countries with the main index of production is exposed.
An overview of the process of book selection is given. Methods used in small, average and large institutions are discussed. In addition, specific information concerning the items to be assessed, and practical points on building library collections are presented.
We present a comprehensive bibliography of books aimed to help physicians, other health care providers, and parents prepare children for medical contacts. Publications have been annotated and rated on the basis of use and cost. We propose that this will be a useful reference for those responsible for the health care of the pediatric population.
Vesalius' short chapter on craniology and the "unnatural" shapes that skulls could take is a uniquely interesting illustration of the young anatomist's position halfway between a traditional belief in a standard or canonical "natural" human anatomy and the host of variations confronted in his day-to-day observation of actual cadavers. His interest in variability is marked in both editions of De humani corporis fabrica (1543, 1555), and it is no coincidence that two of the anatomical features that today bear the great anatomist's name are atypical. In their shape, all of the five skulls that illustrate Chapter 5 of Book I of the Fabrica fall within margins of variability recognized as standard today, but even in Vesalius' own century it was noticed that the sutures in the four "unnatural" skulls do not occur in real life. The article considers the meaning of this unusual departure from his reliance upon observation and includes a translation of Vesalius' craniology chapter from the original Latin, with annotations and two appendices containing his 1555 revisions and clinical addenda.
Erde review three works that in his opinion have made important contributions to the abortion debate: Abortion Policy: An Evaluation of the Consequences For Maternal and Infant Health, by Jerome S. Legge, Jr. (Albany: State University of New York Press; 1985); Abortion and the Politics of Motherhood, by Kristen Luker (Berkeley: University of California Press; 1984); and Abortion: Moral and Legal Perspective, edited by J.L. Garfield and P. Hennessey (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press; 1984). A later issue of the Journal of Medical Humanities and Bioethics will carry Erde's review of two additional scholarly books on abortion: Abortion: Understanding the Differences, edited by Sidney Callahan and Daniel Callahan (New York: Plenum Press; 1984), and Abortion and the Status of the Fetus, edited by William B. Bondeson, H.T. Engelhardt, Jr., S.F. Spicker, and D.H. Winship (Boston: D. Reidel; 1983).
The expression of sexuality in best-selling novels and major motion pictures was examined. There are two reasons that such stimuli merit systematic analysis. First and foremost is the finding that best-selling novels and major motion pictures exist as a primary source of sexual information. Of equal importance, however, is the need to examine such stimuli for myths and fallacies. The novels and films analyzed in the present study were selected from the last years of three consecutive decades: 1959, 1969, and 1979. Inclusion in this study was based on ranking in either a best-seller list (i.e., books) or a rental-receipts list (i.e., movies). The use of such criteria serves the dual purpose of allowing for the examination of stimuli that are accessible to large masses of people and at the same time allowing for the examination of sexually relevant stimuli. The results are discussed in terms of historical changes (over the three decades) and manifest themes (i.e., general characteristics or consistent themes). An additional section was included to address the broader implications of the present findings and to suggest alternatives.
Two methods of prompting were compared for their relative effectiveness in teaching a group of autistic students to discriminate line drawings used in picture communication books. All four students required fewer trials to meet the task criterion using a delayed-prompting technique. Further, students made significantly more errors in the fading-of-prompts design than in the delayed-prompting design. The high rate of errors in faded-prompt sessions resulted in some students displaying aberrant behaviors. The results are discussed in terms of effectiveness of the two teaching methodologies, as well as the consequences of error patterns. Suggestions are made for further research.
The Swiss physician Johann Jakob Wepfer has been hailed as the author of the "classic" modern treatise on apoplexy (1658). His name is known because he demonstrated that apoplexy resulted from brain hemorrhage or occlusive diseases of the vessels. A re-examination of the original text, however, reveals surprising evidence that essential parts of Wepfer's book have been neglected so far. These chapters demonstrate that Wepfer's medical thinking is deeply rooted in pre-modern concepts, e.g. Galenic theories of brain function and iatrochemical concepts of disease. A re-evaluation of the non-modern elements of Wepfer's treatise leads to a better understanding of the whole text.
A survey of medicinal plants used in Thailand has been made from Thai books on traditional herbal medicine. In this part of the survey, plants with anti-inflammatory, anti-asthmatic and antihypertensive properties including plant part used and methods of preparation and administration are described.
The development of an educational book about back pain is described. It is used as a part of the patient education on the Back School of the Geneva Hospital. The problems encountered and possible solutions are presented.
In order to settle the question of when saltpetre (nitrate) came in use as an additive to human food, a number of historic cookery books from Germany and Austria were reviewed. Obviously, the change from vegetable dyes to saltpetre for the coloring or color preservation, respectively, of meat occurred between 1600 and 1750, probably near 1700. The addition of sugar which favours the reduction of nitrate to the active agent nitrite became common practice during the 19th century. Thus some historic parallels to the appearance of colorectal cancer, multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis in the medical literature became apparent.
OBJECTIVES: To develop an information booklet for French speaking low back pain patients, promoting staying active as a single treatment for low back pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A four-step procedure was used to obtain the information booklet. Selection of a booklet using a literature search and pre-defined criterias. Translation/back-translation technique with a method used for health-related quality of life cross-cultural adaptation method. Content validity assessment by a knowledge questionnaire submitted to 32 low back pain patients hospitalized for treatment and a review by two independent MD. Check accordance of the translated document with original authors and editor guidelines. RESULTS: The use of a standardized translation/back-translation procedure permitted to obtain a translation of the back book suitable for French patients. The significant improvement (P = 10(-6)) in patients' knowledge confirmed the quality of the translation. CONCLUSIONS: Translation and cultural adaptation of an information booklet should allow cross-cultural studies in the field of information for low back pain patients.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a major mental disorder in children. Presently, its pathogenesis and treatment as well as its role in adult psychiatry are subjects of heated debate. As early as 1846, the typical symptoms of ADHD were described by Heinrich Hoffmann, a physician who later founded the first mental hospital in Frankfurt. Interestingly, his description was published in a children's book entitled "Struwwelpeter" which he had designed for his 3-year-old son Carl Philipp. The symptomatology is impressively depicted in the colourfully illustrated story of "Zappel-Philipp" ("Fidgety Philip"), probably the first written mention of ADHD by a medical professional. This clearly shows that the diagnosis of ADHD is not an "invention" of modern times.
Europe is building up. It develops in a quite complex environment, in which health care represents an important field of activities. As for blood transfusion, it plays a major role especially in the development of medical activities as well as for the patients treatments. Today, blood components are still of human origin and there are no substitutes for them. As a medical discipline, Blood Transfusion represents a broad field in medicine which requests the involvement of numerous actors. It is up to professional medical/scientific societies to promote the discipline. This is why it has been considered necessary and relevant to build up a federation of transfusion medicine societies throughout the European Union (EU) ; it is called EuroNet-TMS, the European Network of Transfusion Medicine Societies. This network groups more than 7500 professionals of involved in blood transfusion activities. It has six major objectives: 1) To find coherent responses to issues at stake in transfusion; 2) To promote medical and scientific developments of blood transfusion in Europe; 3) To ensure the highest and most up-to-date scientific level to meet safety and quality standards; 4) To offer similar services to all EU citizens in the field of blood transfusion; 5) To share knowledge and date within Europe; 6) To develop interfaces with decision-makers among the diverse European countries. The first step is the writing of the "White Book 2005" which reports the state of the art of blood transfusion in Europe; a prospective plan is proposed to be discussed.
A cohort study was carried out to examine the factors associated with late booking amongst the resident population of Central Manchester Health Authority. The factors of importance were found to include teenage pregnancy, unemployment in the household, ethnic origin, moving during pregnancy, geographical area of residence and opinions about the value of antenatal care. Some reasons for delay in consulting doctors were identified, including uncertainty about the pregnancy and in some cases because it was unwelcome. Delays were also noted to occur in the health service referral system.
An unusual post-burn ear contracture, involving crus helicis, cymba conchae, tragus and antihelix, with anterior vertical folding of the ear on itself, like a closed book, has been described. The contracture was completely released and the resultant raw area was covered by a full thickness skin graft, harvested from the opposite post-auricular area. The crippled ear cartilage was still folded anteriorly at the level of the concha, regardless of complete release, due to long standing childhood burns. Three months later, concha-mastoid suturing was carried out to give the ear its normal shape and erect, prominent position. Four years of follow up showed, an aesthetically good-looking ear with satisfactory position.
This paper focuses on the opening of a discursive space: the emergence of informational and scriptural representations of life and hereditiy and their self-negating consequences for the construction of biological meaning. It probes the notion of writing and the book of life and shows how molecular biology's claims to a status of language and texuality undermines its own objective of control. These textual significations were historically contingent. The informational representations of heredity and life were not an outcome of the internal cognitive momentum of molecular biology; they were not a logical necessity of the unravelling of the base-pairing of the DNA double-helix. They were transported into molecular biology still within the protein paradigm of the gene in the 1940s and permeated nearly every discipline in the life and social sciences. These information-based models, metaphors, linguistic, and semiotic tools which were central to the formulation of the genetic code were transported into molecular biology from cybernetics, information theory, electronic computing, and control and communication systems--technosciences that were deeply embedded with the military experiences of World War II and the Cold War. The information discourse thus became fixed in molecular biology not because it worked in the narrow epistemic sense (it did not), but because it positioned molecular biology within postwar discourse and culture, perhaps within the transition to a post-modern information-based society.
Data are derived from videotapes made in the homes of six Down's syndrome children with developmental ages varying between 1;1 and 2;1. The analysis concerns those sequences in which parent and child look at a book together, and more specifically those exchanges where the child initiates communication on a new target on the page. The design of these initiations is examined with respect to their various verbal and non-verbal components. The analysis of pointing, and in particular of point duration, reveals a possible developmental progression from a stage at which point and exchange duration are linked together to one in which the organization of pointing becomes more detached from the exchange as a unit of interaction.