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At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone on neurologic recovery and biogenic amine metabolites of cerebrospinal fluid in spinal disorders].

The pharmacological effects of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in relation to biogenic amine metabolism in cerebrospinal fluid were examined in 35 patients with various spinal disorders. Neurologic conditions before and after TRH treatment were evaluated using subjective symptoms and Frankel's classification. Biogenic amine metabolism in cerebrospinal fluid was examined before and after TRH treatment measuring the metabolites by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Significant decreases in metabolites of norepinephrine and dopamine were seen in most cases of spinal disorders. The amount of serotonin metabolite, however, was not changed. In many acute cases, the neurologic condition was improved, and a significant increase in the dopamine metabolite was seen in the improved cases after TRH treatment. In chronic cases, TRH treatment was not as effective as in acute cases. TRH was therefore thought to be an effective agent in the treatment of acute spinal disorders. When an increase in the dopamine metabolite is seen after TRH treatment, neurologic improvement would probably be expected.

3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethanol↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of stimulation or inhibition of muscarinic or nicotinic receptors on the content of biogenic amines in various parts of rat brain.

For studying the interactions of the cholinergic and noradrenergic systems in the central nervous system rats were given muscarine or nicotine and the peripheral receptors were blocked with atropine or pempidine. After killing the animals the level of biogenic amines was determined in various parts of the brain. Evident changes were found in the levels of biogenic amines after stimulation or blockade of muscarinic or nicotinic receptors.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Examples of signs of biogenic decomposition in bones long buried].

This investigation is based on twenty human bones, which mostly were stained red, black and violet, and always showed special dead bone decomposition, strictly limited to the stained areas. Histological examinations, biochemical and physical analysis in combination with microbiological isolation and cultivation tests could limit the cause of these phenomena to the biogenous sector--in this case microorganisms--and enabled the formulation of the following model on biogenous dead bone decomposition: Microorganisms are able to grow on buried bone by superficial settlement and invasion of physiological cavities. By means of excretion of enzymatic and acid metabolites for extracorporal dissociation of utilizable sources of energy the structural integrity of the tissue will be destructed. If this process is limited to the nearby environment of the growing organism, this leads to production of specific osteolysis (microscopical focal destruction). Expanded diffusion of enzymatic metabolites leads to leaching and departure of organic components, without producing microscopical focal destruction. The result is a shrinkage of the left material, that sometimes reminds of thermical influences. On the other side, an acidification of the medium by saprophagous microorganisms may lead to fractional crystallization of the mineral components by means of brushite-genesis. The result is further structural decomposition. In addition, the invading microorganism may excrete staining and fluorescing secondary metabolites into the bone, and impregnate the tissue durable. These processes are favoured in nearly isolated systems, like in crypts and stone coffins.

Anthropology, Physical↗
PubMed1982

Photoinactivation and identification of the biogenic amine transporter in chromaffin granules from bovine adrenal medulla.

We have synthesized a new derivative of 5-hydroxytryptamine, a substrate of the biogenic amine transporter in bovine chromaffin granules. This new compound, 4-azido,3-nitrophenyl-azo-(5-hydroxytryptamine), is a competitive, reversible, and specific inhibitor of the biogenic amine transporter in the dark (Ki = 2 microM)., Upon illumination, the inactivation of the transporter becomes irreversible and follows an apparent first order rate kinetics (KINAC = 4 microM). The transporter can be protected if other substrates are present during illumination. When [3H]4-azido,3-nitrophenyl-azo-(5-hydroxytryptamine) is used, preferential labeling of one polypeptide (Mr approximately 45,000) is observed in the light, provided no other substrates of the transporter are present during illumination. We have tentatively identified this polypeptide as the transporter itself or one of its subunits.

Adrenal Medulla↗
PubMed1980

[Change in the biogenic amine level in the rat brain in ethanol poisoning].

Variations in the content of biogenic amines were studied by fluorometry in the brain of rats administered ethanol at a single dose (1.5 and 6 g/kg, intraperitoneally) and chronically at a concentration raised from 10 to 40% for 2 months, and after ethanol withdrawal. In acute ethanol poisoning the serotonin concentration grows abruptly while the content of noradrenalin and dopamine drops down. On the contrary, in chronic ethanol poisoning the content of dopamine and noradrenalin rises, while that of serotonin does not differ from the control level. Ethanol withdrawal entails a decrease in the serotonin level apart from noradrenalin and dopamine accumulation by the brain. It is suggested that interrelated variations in the content of biogenic amines in the central nervous system may underlie the mechanism of depression development in acute ethanol poisoning and convulsant activity after it is discontinued.

Alcoholic Intoxication↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Biogenic elements and sulfate reduction in a flooded oil carbonate stratum].

Biogenous sulphate reduction and accumulation of secondary H2S were caused by the action of pumping waters with a low content of mineral elements on carbonate collectors with a high concentration of relict H2S during long periods of time. The amount of sulphates, phosphates, and ammonium nitrogen in water from layers of various mineralization is sufficient for active sulphate reduction. Sulphates and phosphates are eliminated from rocks of layers with diluted waters. The maximum increase of SO42- in waters was 1545 mg/litre, that of HPO42- was 0.34 mg/litre. The amount of ammonium decreases with mineralization of the layer waters, remaining within the range of 129-7 mg/litre. The content of CO2 and HCO3- increases in diluted waters to 197 and 695 mg/litre, respectively, correlating with biogenous processes. The highest number of sulphate reducing bacteria (dozens of thousands of the cells per ml) was found in water with mineralization of 19 g/litre. Curves for the content of SO42-, HPO42-, NH4+, and CO2 have a common maximum in waters of the Polaznensky deposit with a salinity of 62 g/litre.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1998

[Depressive symptoms and biogenic amines as predictors of treatment response in schizophrenic illnesses in childhood and adolescence].

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess the relationships between neuroleptic medication, biogenic amines and symptomatology in a sample of adolescents with schizophrenia (ICD-10 critria). METHOD: Psychopathological symptoms were rated weekly by means of standard rating scales (BPRS, SANS, SAPS), parallel to weekly blood samplings for measurement of biogenic amines and serum levels of clozapine. These measures were obtained for the 6 weeks of conventional neuroleptic treatment and the subsequent 6-week open-label clozapine trial. RESULTS: Serum levels of serotonin and plasma norepinephrine were significantly higher during treatment with clozapine than during pretreatment with typical neuroleptics. A comparison of the plasma norepinephrine levels in responders (n = 7) and non-responders (n = 8) to those of clozapine revealed that response to clozapine can be predicted on the basis of the epinephrine levels prior to initiation of clozapine treatment. Additionally, plasma concentrations of methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) and epinephrine were both increased in clozapine responders in comparison to the levels measured during pretreatment with typical neuroleptics. Finally, our results demonstrate that depressive symptomatology prior to initiation of clozapine treatment is also predictive of response to this atypical neuroleptic, schizophrenia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Biogenic amine systems in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster.

Biogenic amines are important neuroactive molecules of the central nervous system (CNS) of several insect species. Serotonin (5HT), dopamine (DA), histamine (HA), and octopamine (OA) are the amines which have been extensively studied in Drosophila melanogaster. Each one of the four aminergic neuronal systems exhibits a stereotypic pattern of a small number of neurons that are widely distributed in the fly CNS. In this review, histochemical and immunocytochemical data on the distribution of the amine neurons in the larval and adult nervous system, are summarized. The majority of DA and 5HT neurons are interneurons, most of which are found in bilateral clusters. 5HT innervation is found in the feeding apparatus as well as in the endocrine organ of the larva, the ring gland. The octopaminergic neuronal population consists of both interneurons and efferent neurons. In the larval CNS all OA immunoreactive somata are localized in the midline of the ventral ganglion while in the adult CNS both unpaired neurons and bilateral clusters of immunoreactive cells are observed. One target of OA innervation is the abdominal muscles of the larval body wall where OA immunoreactivity is associated with the type II boutons in the axonal terminals. Histamine is mainly found in all photoreceptor cells where it is considered to be the major neurotransmitter molecule, and in specific mechanosensory neurons of the peripheral nervous system. Similarities between specific aminergic neurons and innervation sites in Drosophila and in other insect species are discussed. In addition, studies on the development and differentiation of 5HT and DA neurons are reviewed and data on the localization of 5HT, DA, and OA receptors are included as well. Finally, an overview on the isolation of the genes and the mutations in the amine biosynthetic pathways is presented and the implications of the molecular genetic approach in Drosophila are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Naloxone-precipitated changes in biogenic amines and their metabolites in various brain regions of butorphanol-dependent rats.

Influence of a naloxone (an opioid receptor antagonist) challenge (5 mg/kg, IP) on levels of biogenic amines and their metabolites in various brain regions of rats infused continuously with butorphanol (a mu/delta/kappa mixed opioid receptor agonist; 26 nmol/microliter/h) or morphine (a mu-opioid receptor agonist; 26 nmol/microliter/h) was investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ED). Naloxone precipitated a withdrawal syndrome and decreased the levels of: dopamine (DA) in the cortex and striatum, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in the striatum, homovanilic acid (HVA) in the striatum, limbic, midbrain, and pons/medulla regions in butorphanol-dependent rats. However, the levels of norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in the regions studied were not affected by naloxone-precipitated withdrawal. In addition, naloxone increased the HVA/DA ratio in the cortex, while this ratio was reduced in the limbic, midbrain, and pons/medulla. The reduction of 5-HIAA/5-HT ratio was also detected in the limbic area. In the animals rendered dependent on morphine, the results obtained were similar to those of butorphanol-dependent rats except for changes of 5-HIAA levels in some brain regions. These results suggest that an alteration of dopaminergic neuron activity following a reduction of DA and its metabolites in specific brain regions (e.g., striatum, limbic, midbrain, and pons/medulla) play an important role in the expression of the opioid withdrawal syndrome.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Machine learning-assisted Mn-N-C nanozyme colorimetric sensor array for trace-level detection of biogenic amines in meat.

Accurate detection of biogenic amines (BAs) in meat remains challenging due to their high structural similarity and co-occurrence. Herein, an Mn-N-C nanozyme was synthesized via a metal-organic framework confined pyrolysis strategy, possessing excellent oxidase (OXD)- and peroxidase (POD)-like activities. The dual enzyme-like activity showed Km values of 0.1584 mM (OXD) and 0.1498 mM (POD), respectively, in detection system. Leveraging these properties, a colorimetric sensor array was constructed, enabling the detection of four representative BAs within a concentration range of 2-10 ppm with 100% classification accuracy. In addition, a concentration independent recognition model based on an artificial neural network was developed to address signal nonlinearity interference in meat. The integrated system achieved accurate trace-level identification of BAs in perishable fish, pork, and chicken, demonstrating its applicability for early-stage BAs monitoring and quality deterioration warning during storage and transportation.

Biogenic Amines↗
PubMed1999

Neurochemistry and defects of biogenic amine neurotransmitter metabolism.

The purpose of the current review is to present a brief background examining the mechanisms controlling synthesis, storage, release and action of the biogenic amine neurotransmitters and to provide examples of newly defined conditions that expand our awareness of the diversity and complexity of the inherited diseases that affect these important regulators of central and peripheral homeostasis.

Biogenic Amines↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Liquid chromatographic determination of biogenic amines in dry sausages.

A liquid chromatographic method is described for the determination of biogenic amines found in dry sausages: tryptamine, phenylethylamine, putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, serotonin, tyramine, spermidine, and spermine. Amines were extracted with perchloric acid solution and derivatized with dansyl chloride. After derivatization, ammonia was added to remove an interfering peak near cadaverine. Liquid chromatographic separations were performed by using a Spherisorb ODS2 column and an ammonium acetate-acetonitrile gradient elution program. The limits of determination of the individual amines were 1-5 mg/kg. This method is also applicable to detection of amines in other food samples.

Amines↗
PubMed1979

Novel antidepressants and the biogenic amine hypothesis of depression. The case for iprindole and mianserin.

The introduction of two tricyclic compounds (iprindole and mianserin) that are reported to have antidepressant properties but to be relatively devoid of effects on central amine neurotransmitter systems has raised questions about the amine hypothesis of depression and about the mechanism of action of tricyclics in general. In view of the importance of these questions, a critical review of both the clinical and pharmacological profiles of iprindole and mianserin was undertaken. Iprindole is a relatively weak inhibitor of both norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin, whereas mianserin possesses at least modest potency as an inhibitor of NE uptake. However, the evidence is as yet insufficient to prove the superiority of iprindole over placebo in the treatment of those depressions characterized by endogenous symptoms. In considering the pharmacological profiles of these two drugs together with their clinical profiles, the data are not inconsistent with the hypothesized role of biogenic amines in major depression.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Biogenic amines in the brain of the honeybee: cellular distribution, development, and behavioral functions.

This review provides a summary of the cellular distribution of amine-containing neurons and the organization of aminergic pathways in the brain and suboesophageal ganglion of the honeybee. Neurons synthesizing the biogenic amines serotonin, dopamine, octopamine, and histamine are stained with well-defined polyclonal antisera. Since some of these aminergic neurons are uniquely identifiable, it is possible to follow their morphogenesis during brain development. Pharmacological studies show that aminergic mechanisms are involved in various behavioral modifications including associative learning. The immunocytochemical approach resolves at a single cell level the neural pathways that mediate adaptive behavioral changes.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2000

Determination of biogenic amines in cheese by ion exchange chromatography.

A sensitive, fully automated method, yielding reproducible results, was developed for the determination of relevant biogenic amines in cheese. Histamine, tyramine, putrescine, cadaverine, tryptamine, agmatine, spermidine and spermine were separated in the ion exchanger of OSTION LG ANB column of the automatic amino acid analyser Mikrotechna 339 T. Elution was carried out at 60 degrees C using a system of two buffers. The samples were extracted and precipitated by trichloroacetic acid and purified, after removal of fat, by membrane filtration. The recovery for individual amines in cheese ranged between 86% and 108%. The detection limit was of 1-5 mg of the respective amine per 1 kg of cheese and the method was linear within the dose range of 0.1-10 micrograms (for tryptamine 0.5-10 micrograms).

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1978

A disorder of biogenic amines in dihydropteridine reductase deficiency.

A severe deficiency of dihydropteridine reductase (DHPR) in liver, brain, and cultured skin fibroblasts was demonstrated in a child with hyperphenylalaninemia and an atypical form of phenylketonuria. DHPR is required for regeneration of the cofactor, tetrahydrobiopterin. The cofactor is essential in hydroxylation of aromatic amino acid precursors in the biosynthesis of neurotransmitters, serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. In gray tissue at brain biopsy, dopamine was low at 3 ng per gram of tissue, serotonin was barely detected, and norepinephrine appeared high at 1600 ng per gram. In cerebrospinal fluid, homovanillic acid (HVA) was low normal at 33 ng/ml, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) was low at 4.2 ng/ml, and after a high dose of oral probenecid there was impaired accumulation of HVA to 128 ng/ml and 5-HIAA to 22.4 ng/ml. When the patient was 22 months of age, treatment with hydroxylated aromatic amino acid precursors was initiated, and after three months HVA and 5-HIAA levels were increased in CSF. The apparent restoration of biogenic amines in brain appears to have delayed the rate of neurological deterioration. DHPR activity in cultured skin fibroblasts of children with persistent hyperphenylalaninemia should permit early diagnosis and early treatment of this disorder.

5-Hydroxytryptophan↗
PubMed1979

Biogenic amine metabolism in Tourette syndrome.

Biogenic amine metabolism in the central nervous system of 9 children with Tourette syndrome was evaluated by quantitation of their metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid by a gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric method. Homovanillic acid (HVA), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol (MHPG) were measured in CSF before and after oral administration of probenecid. Dopamine metabolism appeared defective, as both baseline and accumulated levels of HVA after probenecid were decreased. Serotonin metabolism also appeared defective in some patients with low baseline and low accumulated levels of 5-HIAA after probenecid. Taken together with other clinical features of this disease, the results suggest an underlying disorder of dopamine and serotonin metabolism in Tourette syndrome.

Biogenic Amines↗
PubMed1989

Cerebrospinal fluid biogenic amines and biopterin in Rett syndrome.

We evaluated cerebrospinal fluid biogenic amine metabolites in 32 patients with Rett syndrome. Significant reductions were noted in the metabolites of norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin, as compared with controls of similar age (p less than 0.001, p less than 0.001, and p less than 0.05, respectively). Tetrahydrobiopterin is an essential cofactor and may be rate-limiting for the synthesis of catecholamines and serotonin. Accordingly, total cerebrospinal fluid biopterin was measured and found to be elevated in patients compared with controls (p less than 0.002). These findings constitute the only biochemical changes detected in Rett syndromes so far.

Adolescent↗