Blood viscosity in healthy men, measured in rhombospheroid viscometer on EDTA blood. A comparison with the cone-in-cone viscometer data and those of Copley.
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Blood Viscosity↗
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Blood viscosity factors and prognosis in malignant melanoma. Effect of abo blood groups.
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ABO Blood-Group System↗
[Blood viscosity in osteonecrosis of the femur head].
The viscosity of total venous blood was studied in 21 patients with osteonecrosis (ON) of the femoral head, and compared with the viscosity of 43 control patients, blood donors of the same mean age, and with the viscosity of 17 patients suffering from hip arthrosis. Measurements were carried out on a rotary resistance meter with coaxial cylinders. Along with the viscosity, certain biological, hematological and biochemical parameters, making up the main macro-rheological parameters, were measured in the same blood samples. Statistical analysis of the results confirms the hyperviscosity of total venous blood in patients with ON of the femoral head. This hyperviscosity does not seem correlated with the biological parameters studied, contrary to the viscosity of the blood in the control group. It is likely secondary to other factors, intrinsic to ON, and especially microrheological factors.
Adult↗
Oxygen delivery at high blood viscosity and decreased arterial oxygen content to brains of conscious rats.
We addressed the question to which extent cerebral blood flow (CBF) is maintained when, in addition to a high blood viscosity (Bvis) arterial oxygen content (CaO2) is gradually decreased. CaO2) was decreased by hemodilution to hematocrits (Hct) of 30, 22, 19, and 15% in two groups. One group received blood replacement (BR) only and served as the control. The second group received an additional high viscosity solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone (BR/PVP). Bvis was reduced in the BR group and was doubled in the BR/PVP. Despite different Bvis, CBF did not differ between BR and BR/PVP rats at Hct values of 30 and 22%, indicating a complete vascular compensation of the increased Bvis at decreased CaO2. At an Hct of 19%, local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) in some brain structures was lower in BR/PVP rats than in BR rats. At the lowest Hct of 15%, LCBF of 15 brain structures and mean CBF were reduced in BR/PVP. The resulting decrease in cerebral oxygen delivery in the BR/PVP group indicates a global loss of vascular compensation. We concluded that vasodilating mechanisms compensated for Bvis increases thereby maintaining constant cerebral oxygen delivery. Compensatory mechanisms were exhausted at a Hct of 19% and lower as indicated by the reduction of CBF and cerebral oxygen delivery.
Animals↗
Preliminary investigation of alterations in blood viscosity, cellular composition, and electrophoresis plasma protein fraction profile after competitive racing activity in Thoroughbred horses.
In this preliminary investigation, various hematologic variables potentially influential in determining the degree of blood viscosity were evaluated in 10 Thoroughbred horses subjected to competitive acute running exercise. Following completion of sprints over a distance of 1.25 miles, mean percent (+/- SD) increases in PCV (38.3 +/- 12.9%), RBC (47.8 +/- 15.3%), and rouleaux index (232.7 +/- 176.8%) were recognized. Simultaneous increases in total plasma protein (28.3 +/- 5.31%), serum albumin (26.7 +/- 6.80%), alpha 1-globulin (60.0 +/- 49.0%), alpha 2-globulin (25.5 +/- 27.9%), beta 1-globulin (46.7 +/- 21.1%), beta 2-globulin (35.0 +/- 50.6%), gamma 1- and 2-globulins (38.7 +/- 29.6%), and plasma fibrinogen (12.5 +/- 10.4%) concentrations increased simultaneously. Horses also had consistent decreases in albumin:globulin ratio (-10.0 +/- 7.43%). Alterations in these hematologic values after acute running exercise in Thoroughbred horses accompanied increases in serum (69.3 +/- 39.7%), plasma (39.7 +/- 11.9%), and blood (134.7 +/- 55.3%) viscosity.
Animals↗
Blood viscosity in multiple sclerosis.
Native blood from healthy subjects and from some pathological cases showed a fall in viscosity after the first passage through a stainless steel capillary viscometer in 97% of tests. Fortyfive blood samples from 27 active multiple sclerosis patients were tested. Blood from 19 of these patients showed no fall in viscosity.
Blood Viscosity↗
Shear dependence of effective cell volume as a determinant of blood viscosity.
The viscosity of suspensions of human erythrocytes (normal cells in plasma, normal cells in Ringer's solution containing albumin, and hardened cells in Ringer's solution containing albumin) was measured over a wide range of shear rates, and the macrorheological data were correlated with the microrheological behavior of erythrocytes and rigid particles. The formation of rouleaux increases the effective volume of erythrocytes as a result of (i) the increase in axial ratio and (ii) the limitation of deformation of individual erythrocytes. The effective cell volume is the fundamental determinant of blood viscosity.
Blood Viscosity↗
Blood viscosity and finger systolic pressure in primary and traumatic vasospastic disease.
Vasospastic reactions to cold have been suggested to be related to altered blood rheology, as has been reported in both primary (PVD) and traumatic (TVD) vasospastic disease. Measurements of whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, erythrocyte deformability and finger systolic pressure (FSP) were performed in 18 patients with PVD (Raynaud's disease) and 15 patients with TVD. FSP at 10 degrees C was significantly lower in both patient groups than in a normal reference group. All rheologic variables at 37 and 10 degrees C were normal, apart from increased erythrocyte deformability at 37 degrees C in the PVD group.
Adult↗
[Effect of an oxypolygelatine solution (Gelifundol) on the blood viscosity of healthy subjects].
Infusion of 500 ml oxypolygelatin (Gelifundol, 5.5% solution) in eight healthy volunteers led to hemodilution wiht consecutive changes of rheological parameters. Blood viscosity was statistically significantly lowered whereas plasma viscosity values showed a slight increase. RBC aggregation was slightly increased, RBC deformability remained unchanged.
Adult↗
Haematocrit values and blood viscosity in the newborn infant.
The haematocrit values in 51 babies were studied to observe the possible variations due to the method and time of sampling and to relate these findings to blood viscosity. A good correlation (r = 0,9536) between haematocrit values of warmed heel capillary blood and of central venous samples was found. Prediction of venous value from a known sample of capillary blood can be made using regression lines and 95% confidence limits. The correlation between venous and unwarmed blood samples from the heel is not as good. A central venous haematocrit value of 65% or greater gave a 100% risk of the infant's blood being hyperviscous. Hyperviscosity occurred in 71% of infants with a capillary haematocrit value of 65 - 68% but the figure rose to 81% when the peripheral haematocrit value was 68% or more.
Blood Specimen Collection↗
Plasma, serum and whole-blood viscosity variations with age, sex, and smoking habits.
To study the influence of age, sex, and smoking habits on rheology, the authors measured plasma (PV), serum (SV), native (NBV), and corrected (CBV) blood viscosity with a computerized rotational viscometer in 152 blood donors (86 men and 66 women) and in 20 healthy persons (4 men and 16 women) attending smoke aversion treatment. None of the viscosity measures or erythrocyte sedimentation rate changed significantly with age, whereas hematocrit (HC) and fibrinogen concentration (FC) both increased with ageing (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively). Higher (p < 0.001) values of NBV and HC were found in men than in women, whereas higher values were found in women than in men for FC (p < 0.01) and ESR (p < 0.001). In blood donors, moderate smoking (mean twelve cigarettes/day) significantly influenced only ESR, which was higher (p < 0.001) in smokers than in nonsmokers. In heavy smokers (mean twenty-one cigarettes/day), however, higher (p < 0.001) PV, SV, and NBV were found, as well as higher (p < 0.01) FC and HC as compared with nonsmoking blood donors.
Adult↗
Increased blood viscosity and tachypnoea in infants of diabetic mothers.
Tachypnoea was significantly more common in class B than in class A or C infants of diabetic mothers. Whole blood viscosity at a standardised packed cell volume and moderately low shear rate was significantly higher in infants of diabetic mothers with tachypnoea than in those without tachypnoea or healthy controls.
Blood Viscosity↗
Effects of taipan (Oxyuranus scutellatus) venom on erythrocyte morphology and blood viscosity in a human victim in vivo and in vitro.
The case of a snake handler with envenoming due to Australian taipan (Oxyuranus scutellatus) showing marked morphological changes in his red blood cells is presented. The red cells underwent sphero-echinocytic transformation and in subsequent experiments in vitro the effects of taipan venom on red cells were further characterized. Taipan venom induced sphero-echinocytic transformation at nanogram/ml concentrations and led to a marked increase in whole blood viscosity. These changes have not been featured in previous reports of taipan envenomation and are reported to highlight the diagnostic value of blood film examination in cases of suspected envenomation. The significance of the hyperviscosity, and consequent reduction in blood fluidity, is unknown and requires further investigation.
Adult↗
Lipaemia, heparin, and blood viscosity.
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Blood↗
Changes in blood viscosity by heparin and argatroban.
Anticoagulants are effective for preventing both venous and arterial thrombosis. Although antithrombotic agents have been reported to reduce thrombin formation, to our knowledge, the relation between blood viscosity (BV) and antithrombotic agents has not been examined. We examined the effects on whole BV of various dosages of the antithrombotic agents-heparin sodium and argatroban. Thirty microliters of either drug was added to 3-ml samples of blood obtained from healthy male volunteers. Whole BV was then immediately examined with an oscillation-type viscometer. When either agent was added, BV decreased and coagulation time increased dose dependently. BV was 4.5+/-0.3 mPa.s in untreated blood but decreased in a dose-dependent manner to a minimum of 2.5+/-0.3 mPa.s with heparin sodium and decreased dose dependently in a sigmoid manner with argatroban. Because thrombin generation is inhibited in all antithrombotic therapies, this inhibition might be reflected by changes in BV. Our results suggest that BV in accordance with blood coagulability are indexes of thrombotic tendency and that decreasing BV prevents life-threatening thromboembolic conditions.
Adult↗
Blood viscosity and erythrocyte deformability in gestational diabetes.
Hemorheological properties were investigated in 15 gestational diabetics and compared with those in 20 normal pregnant patients at 37 weeks gestation. Whole blood viscosity in gestational diabetes was increased significantly. Erythrocyte deformability measured by a filtration method was decreased significantly in gestational diabetes. A hypothesis that placental hypertrophy observed in gestational diabetes might be produced as a compensatory reaction to hypoxia caused by intervillous microcirculatory disturbance due to the abnormal hemorheology was proposed.
Adult↗
A simple method for recording blood viscosity continuously.
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Blood↗
Blood viscosity changes after trauma. Use of dextran-40 in correction of microcirculatory insufficiency.
Trauma causes a definite increase in packed cell viscosity and intravascular cellular aggregation. As a result, total body oxygen consumption decreases markedly. When packed cell viscosity is lowered by infusion of dextran-40, total body oxygen consumption progressively increases to normal values. It does not appear unreasonable to conclude that in traumatized patients, restoration of microcirculatory blood flow is of great importance in reestablishing an effective circulating blood volume and that normalization of blood viscosity after trauma may be of considerable benefit.
Blood Flow Velocity↗