Biochemical transformations of herbicide-derived anilines: requirements of molecular configuration.
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Heparin was immobilized on a polystyrene plate in a graded micropattern by photolithography. The micropattern was confirmed by staining with brilliant green. In the presence of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), the growth of NIH3T3 cells was enhanced only in the heparin-immobilized regions. This result indicated that gradient-micropattern-immobilized heparin activated bFGF for cell growth. In addition, the growth of cells was found to be affected by the surface density of immobilized heparin. The surface density was regulated by a gap length of 2 microm-width stripes immobilized with heparin. Although a high density (a region having short gap length) of immobilized heparin suppressed the cell growth in the absence of bFGF, it enhanced cell growth in the presence of bFGF. The dependence of cell function on the density of immobilized heparin was visualized by gradient-micropattern-immobilization.
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The N-benzoyloxy derivatives of N-methyl-4-aminoazobenzene, its 4'-methyl and 4'-ethyl derivatives, and N-ethyl-4-aminoazobenzene were synthesized for comparison of their carcinogenic activities and their reactivities with nucleophilic reagents. Each of the 4 esters had a similar degree of nonenzymatic reactivity with methionine and guanosine at neutral pH. Each of the dyes induced sarcomas at the site of s.c. injection in rats, but N-benzoyloxy-N-methyl-4-aminoazobenzene was considerably more carcinogenic than were any of the other dyes. N-benzoyloxy-N-methyl-4-aminoazobenzene was also more stable in neutral lipid, and this stability may have contributed to its greater carcinogenicactivity. Neither the electrophilic reactivities nor the s.c. carcinogenicities of these dyes paralleled the hepatocarinogenic activities of the parent dyes.
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