[Autogenous training-sophrology-hypnosis].
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Humans↗
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A cognitive behavioral analysis of relaxation training in drug abusers.
The process of autogenic training, a form of relaxation training, was studied in a sample of 23 drug abusers in outpatient treatment. Different theories of drug abuse and treatment generate different predictions of perceived emotional effects of treatment. The relationships among symptomatology and affect as assessed by the three-factor emotionality constructs of pleasure, arousal and dominance were examined to provide information on the relative importance of perceptions of tension-reduction, sense of control and hedonic state to the treatment process. Symptomatology and affect were significantly related and improved over the course of treatment. The euphoria-dysphoria dimension was more salient than perceptions of arousal reduction or increased sense of control. Results suggested the importance of further investigation of patients' perceptions of the desired effects of drug taking on mood in order to optimize the impact of treatment interventions such as relaxation training.
Adult↗
The use of relaxation training to enhance functional outcomes in adults with traumatic head injuries.
Impaired anxiety management and poor emotional control have a negative effect on the adaptive functioning of persons with head injuries who are in the postacute stages of recovery. This paper outlines a relaxation training program administered individually to 4 adults with severe head injuries. Each subject was in the postacute phase of recovery and had reported stress to be a persistent problem in daily living. The relaxation training protocol combined biofeedback, imagery, autogenic training, and deep breathing. Significant improvement in function, measured by scores on a scale of illness-related dysfunction, support the potential benefits of stress management training as part of functional training programs for persons with traumatic head injuries.
Adult↗
["Functional relaxation" as a method in anthropologic medicine].
"Funktionelle Entspannung" (F.E.)--functional relaxation--according to M. Fuchs resumes Weizsäcker's "Gestaltkreis". Its medium is the body (comprising body, soul and mind) and its "rhythm", which penetrates and supports the individual human sphere. Somebody who is in agreement with his own body is also in agreement with the world around him; somebody who sets up tensions between the world and himself loses his personal rhythm. This becomes obvious in the "body-language" in the form of false tensions. In the F. E. these are not approached in a verbal way or by way of set exercises, but in each case individually--beginning at the spine and the joints and then continuing with the inner cavities and spaces. Approach and method of the F. E. are exemplified (e. g. hypertonie, asthma bronchiale, where other psychotherapeutic methods--psychoanalysis, autogenes training etc.--did not help).
Adolescent↗
[Functional headache].
Not all functional types of headache are of psychogenic orgin. Many are due to minor irritative lesions or to refractory anomalies. Only a very small number of headache types can be regarded as psychogenic without further examination. In most cases functional and organic causes are involved. A detailed analysis of the evolution and localization of headache, together with thorough internal and neurological examinations are necessary to enable one to categorize a headache with any confidence. If depression and tension prevail, it is important to reduce the patient's consumption of painkillers by means of antidepressive agents, autogenic training or betablockers.
Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
[The involvement of family members in treatment with suggestive and autogenic psychotherapies. An analysis of a case].
The first part of the present work reports the case of a young man given suggestion and autogenous therapy. The second part presents some remarks on the technique employed. In particular the advantages derived from recourse to a variety of suggestion techniques followed by the patient's use of autogenous training at home are examined. Finally the advantages to be derived from involving the patient's family in the induction therapy and the autogenous treatment are reported.
Adult↗
[Similarities and differences in the color choice of patients under life-prolonging therapy and of healthy subjects].
The hypothesis of probable differences between subjects under life-extending treatment and healthy people was tested by applying the Lüscher Colour test to 2 groups of patients, one under dialysis, the other cardiopathic pacemaker wearers, and comparing them with a control group of healthy subjects. The results partly confirm the hypothesis and also show a further differentiation between the dialysis and pace-maker groups. A support programme using relaxation techniques (autogenous training and/or hypnosis) to balance and reduce problems revealed is therefore proposed.
Aged↗
Effect of relaxation training on cardiac parasympathetic tone.
To examine the hypothesis that the relaxation response is associated with an increase in cardiac parasympathetic tone, the frequency components of heart rate variability during relaxation training were investigated in 16 college students. Electrocardiograms and pneumograms were recorded during a 5-min baseline period followed by three successive 5-min sessions of the autogenic training (relaxation) or by the same periods of quiet rest (control), while subjects breathed synchronously with a visual pacemaker (0.25 Hz). Although neither the magnitude nor the frequency of respiration showed a significant difference between relaxation and control, the amplitude of the high-frequency component of heart rate variability increased only during relaxation (p = .008). There was no significant difference in the ratio of the low-frequency (0.04-0.15 Hz) to the high-frequency amplitudes. The increased high-frequency amplitude without changes in the respiratory parameters indicates enhanced cardiac parasympathetic tone. Thus, our results support the initial hypothesis of this study. Enhanced cardiac parasympathetic tone may explain an important mechanism underlying the beneficial effect of the relaxation response.
Adult↗
[Cooperation between internists and psychiatrists in the treatment of nicotine withdrawal as shown in a common project of the Innsbruck Medical University Clinic and the Department of Medical Psychology].
This paper shows a model of team-work between an internal specialist and a psychiatrist or psychotherapist, which aims at fighting against addiction to nicotine. Such team-work helps to increase the rate of success. The study described in this paper was carried out in a village in the Tyrol. An instructive campaign was organized, which lasted for several years. During this campaign an internal specialist informed the population about the sequelae of nicotine addiction. This informative work was complemented by in intensive counselling and psychotherapy including hypnosis and autogenous training. After one year half of the patients were still non-smokers.
Austria↗
Predicting interindividual differences in blood-pressure response to relaxation training in normotensives.
In groups of hypertensives blood-pressure (BP) reductions after relaxation training (RT) are generally moderate. One possibility to explain this relative weakness of RT follows from the observation of large interindividual differences in BP response after RT. In a first study we observed this same variability of BP response after RT in normotensives. Subsequently a method was developed to predict individual BP response after RT. The validity of this method was then established in three samples of normotensives: both systolic and diastolic BP changes appear to be predictable after progressive relaxation as well as after autogenic training.
Adult↗
Self-regulation method: psychological, physiological and clinical considerations. An overview.
Body-oriented therapies as relaxation training and certain forms of meditation are gaining popularity in the treatment and prevention of psychosomatic disorders. In this paper, a new method of self-control called self-regulation method (SRM), derived from autogenic training and Zen meditation, is presented. The technique of SRM is introduced. Secondly, physiological studies on SRM using skin temperature, galvanic skin response, and cortical evoked potentials are presented. Thirdly, the results of psychological tests conducted on SRM are presented. These psycho-physiological studies suggest that SRM may elicit a state of 'relaxed alertness'. Fourthly, clinical applications of SRM are discussed, and 3 cases are presented. Finally, SRM is discussed in relation to the psychology and physiology of 'relaxed alertness'.
Adolescent↗
[Predictors of the efficacy of psychorelaxation therapy in hypertension].
Results of clinical, psychological and psychophysiological examinations of 136 patients with mild essential hypertension indicate that psychorelaxation therapy is more effective in patients with a higher level of BP response to emotional stress and a shorter period of BP recovery after stress. Those patients had a moderate level of anxiety and interpersonal conflicts. Predictors of the efficacy of autogenic training, breathing relaxation training and biofeedback differed. The antihypertensive effect of those methods was associated with various personality traits.
Adolescent↗
Affective and metabolic responses to hypnosis, autogenic relaxation, and quiet rest in the supine and seated positions.
This study examined the influence of hypnosis, autogenic relaxation, and quiet rest on selected affective states and metabolism. The influence of body position (seated vs. supine) on these same outcome measures was also investigated. Anxiety, tension, and overall mood were assessed before and 30 minutes after each treatment, and oxygen uptake was measured continuously. State anxiety, tension, and a general measure of mood were reduced significantly following each intervention, but oxygen uptake did not change with the exception of small, transient alterations during the physical challenges performed in the hypnosis condition. It is concluded that administration of a routine hypnosis induction to healthy individuals results in a reduction of state anxiety and an improvement of mood commensurate with effects achieved by autogenic training and quiet rest, and these effects occur in both the supine and seated position.
Adolescent↗
[Psychotherapeutic support for critically ill children. Examples of case histories (author's transl)].
The psychotherapeutic care of dying and critically ill children and their relatives ought to be possible in every childrens' hospital. Therapeutic painting and games, dream-work, katathymic image perception and also autogenous training can be included in the therapeutic scheme. The different methods of procedure are presented with reference to examples of cases.
Adolescent↗
Biofeedback-assisted relaxation training for primary dysmenorrhea: a case study.
Primary dysmenorrhea is a familiar complaint to medical practitioners. Recently, behavior therapy has been shown to be an effective treatment for the symptoms of dysmenorrhea. The present case study offers biofeedback-assisted relaxation treatment as an effective alternative treatment. The Menstrual Symptom Questionnaire was used to classify dysmenorrhea as spasmodic or congestive. This classification provides homogeneous groups of patients. The patient in this study had an 18-year history of primary dysmenorrhea that was resistant to hormonal and analgesic treatment. After two months of baseline observation, she was given eight sessions of skin-temperature biofeedback and autogenic training. She reported significant reduction of pain and discomfort with the use of biofeedback-assisted relaxation. Desensitization using visual imagery, an important component of previous therapies, was not used. Further examination of the efficacy of biofeedback-assisted relaxation training for the treatment of both congestive and spasmodic dysmenorrhea is suggested.
Adult↗
[Psychological aspects of recovery from hypertension].
A detailed 402 patient survey explored the psychological concomitants of arterial hypertension. Non-linear correlation analysis was used to uncover the strong association of psychic and somatic aspects in patients with arterial hypertension and to suggest new methods for their ambulatory rehabilitation. Aspects of patient compliance were considered, taking into account the patients' psychic status. Particulars of doctor--patient relationship were discussed and strong emphasis was placed on close psychological affinities between the two as the prerequisite for fostering patient compliance. A multi-dimensional study, is was concerned with assessing the efficiency of both drug therapy (hypotensive and psychotropic drugs and an association of the two) and other types of therapy (autogenous training, therapeutic relaxation exercise) for the rehabilitation of patients with arterial hypertension by means of polyclinic-based ambulatory care.
Adolescent↗
[Ambulatory psychotherapy at the medical department of a district policlinic].
From the psychotherapeutic unit of the department of internal diseases of a district outpatient department some experiences and recognitions are reported. The autogenic training and the group psychotherapy are the methodical centre. 200 non-selected psychotherapeutic cases are analysed with regard to sex, age, profession and diagnostics of the neurotic symptomatology.
Adult↗
Cognitive coping and appraisal processes in the treatment of chronic headaches.
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the active cognitive ingredients of change in psychological treatments for long-term chronic headache complaints. The primary questions this study addressed were: (1) Is a cognitive self-hypnosis training which explicitly attempts to change appraisal and cognitive coping processes more effective in producing these changes than a relaxation procedure, and (2) are changes in pain appraisal and cognitive coping related to changes in pain and adjustment in the short and long term? A total of 144 patients were assigned at random to a cognitive self-hypnosis (CSH) treatment or autogenic training (AT) with a duration of 7 weeks. Measures used were: Headache Index (HI), Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90), Coping Strategy Questionnaire (CSQ), Multidimensional Locus of Pain Control Questionnaire (MLPC) and treatment expectations. The results indicated that patients successfully changed their use of coping strategies and pain appraisals. Cognitive therapy was more effective than relaxation training in changing the use of cognitive coping strategies which were the direct targets of treatment. However, treatment effects were only related with changes in the use of coping strategies and appraisal processes to a limited extent and the mediational role of cognitive processes in pain reduction and better adjustment was inconclusive.
Adaptation, Psychological↗