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PubMed1993

Understanding autobiographical memories: a study of the reminiscences of elderly men.

This study examined the stability of autobiographical memory constructs and provided data about male styles of reminiscing that are useful for expanding the generalizability of the Autobiographical Memory Coding Tool. Six males ranging in age from 76 to 84 who lived in the community served as subjects. Subjects participated in two one-to-one reminiscence interviews that were conducted 8 weeks apart. Interpretations formulated by this sample of elderly men were both validating and lamenting. Dominant themes in the transcripts were joys, social connections, difficulties, and choices. The frequency with which memories involving choice and lack of choice were verbalized suggest that control may be an important issue for this sample. The interpretations were quite stable with 91% agreement between Time 1 and Time 2 transcripts.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1994

We are the stories we tell: narrative knowing in nursing practice.

In recent years, nurses have come to (re)value narrative knowing: the knowledge transmitted in the stories that human beings have told each other since the beginning. Narratives area generally understood to be stories with a certain dynamic structure and shape directed toward achieving wholeness, or health. In this article, the author considers why caregivers have become interested in narratives, the nature and function of stories for patients, the location of stories in the diagnostic and healing functions of the nurse, and the significance of stories for holistic nursing practice.

Autobiographies as Topic↗
PubMed2002

Emil Kraepelin's 'Self-Assessment': clinical autography in historical context.

Contemporary psychiatrists and historians know very little about the life of Emil Kraepelin. Until recently they had to glean what information they could from his memoirs, which had more to say about his travels to far-flung corners of the world than about his own mental life. Now, however, a unique historical document has been uncovered which opens a window on Kraepelin's own psyche. In a manuscript written shortly after World War I, Kraepelin turned his diagnostic methods on himself and clinically documented his own state of mind. This paper reproduces a translation of Kraepelin's 'Self-Assessment' and places it in its historical context.

Autobiographies as Topic↗
PubMed2002

The cases of John Bunyan, Part 1.: Taine and Royce.

John Bunyan was a seventeenth-century religious reformer who is nowadays widely known for his Pilgrim's Progress and also for his spiritual autobiography Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners. In the nineteenth century he was diagnosed, on the basis of his revelations in that autobiography, as suffering from a variety of mental pathologies. In this study we track his 'psychiatric career' through the work of H. Taine and J. Royce (Part 1), and W. James and P. Janet (Part 2). The examination of these authors' practices of 'retrospective psychiatry' allows us to bring to light some changes in psychiatric concepts in the late nineteenth century, and to investigate both the use of cases in psychological reasoning, and translations from religious to psychiatric idioms.

Autobiographies as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Personal Web home pages of adolescents with cancer: self-presentation, information dissemination, and interpersonal connection.

The content of personal Web home pages created by adolescents with cancer is a new source of information about this population of potential benefit to oncology nurses and psychologists. Individual Internet elements found on 21 home pages created by youths with cancer (14-22 years old) were rated for cancer-related self-presentation, information dissemination, and interpersonal connection. Examples of adolescents' online narratives were also recorded. Adolescents with cancer used various Internet elements on their home pages for cancer-related self-presentation (eg, welcome messages, essays, personal history and diary pages, news articles, and poetry), information dissemination (e.g., through personal interest pages, multimedia presentations, lists, charts, and hyperlinks), and interpersonal connection (eg, guestbook entries). Results suggest that various elements found on personal home pages are being used by a limited number of young patients with cancer for self-expression, information access, and contact with peers.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2004

Sell a book and cook a dog: misery, memory and space from Siberian camps to Apartheid.

In this article, the life story of a Polish woman in South Africa is used to illustrate that stories of exile are 'matter out of place' in host countries. Space is a central category in both the story of exiles and in the collective history of receiving countries, but it has different emotional, social, cultural and political meanings. Sometimes stories of exile are denied a place in the social memory of a society. Therefore, recollection and making sense of experienced misery in foreign contexts is often a difficult and lonely undertaking. The article links the story to macro-political processes and attempts to answer questions regarding the consequences of the lack of meaningful space for exiles to remember. Collective and national memories and ceremonies are often exclusive and offer no place for 'alien' memories. Therapeutic repertoires often fail to address the emotional value of communal sharing a socio-cultural and (meta) physical space. It is argued that because the state does not take responsibility for providing a (symbolic) space for the mourning and reconciliation of people whose memories are out of place, transcultural psychiatry - its subsystem - will have to reflect on how to provide such a space.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Alzheimer's disease behaviors from past self-identities: an exploration of the memory and cognitive features.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients have been reported by caregivers to display "behaviors from past self-identities " (BPSI); however, there is little known about these distinct behaviors. This study, the first to explore BPSI, hypothesized that BPSI were associated with self-memory and cognitive impairments. Its purpose was to determine if AD subjects with and without BPSI differed on measures of autobiographical memory, selective attention, and fluency. The cross-sectional design compared 35 moderate-stage AD subjects from an AD research center. Subjects demonstrating BPSI (37 percent) recalled significantly fewer recent autobiographical memories than AD subjects without BPSI. The results establish BPSI as a common behavior among moderate-stage AD patients and suggest that paucity of recent self-memories contributes to BPSI.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Predicting depression using earliest childhood memories.

In order to investigate the utility of earliest childhood memories (EMs) in clinical assessment, this study investigated the value of EMs in predicting naturally occurring depressive mood states. Of interest were those features of EMs that discriminate depressed from nondepressed individuals. Subjects were 212 undergraduate volunteers who completed the Beck Depression Inventory, the Profile of Mood States, and a self-administered EM questionnaire. Utilizing thematic predictors derived from cognitive and psychodynamic theories of depression, depressed subjects were differentiated from nondepressed subjects at a rate significantly greater than chance, p less than .001, with a highly respectable estimate of cross-validation shrinkage. The findings demonstrate the phenomenon of mood dependent recall in autobiographical memory, namely, that memory attributes are strongly influenced by current mood state. Consistent with psychodynamic theories of depression and in contrast to cognitive theory, depressive mood states appear to facilitate retrieval of memory schemas involving deprivation and disturbing human interaction. Schemas involving loss of control, failure, or reactions to noncontingent reinforcement (perceptions of the self as agent) appear less salient than relationship schemas (perceptions of the self as related) in depressive experience.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

"The very house of difference": Zami, Audre Lorde's lesbian-centered text.

Locating the feminist subject at the intersection of shifting social groups, or "homes," allows me to explore the connections between concepts of home and identity in Audre Lorde's "biomythography," Zami: A New Spelling of My Name. While Lorde's writing attends to the complex intersections of race, gender, and sexuality, as the prologue to the text makes apparent, it also testifies to the "naturalness" of lesbianism as the ground of writing, thinking, and acting. In Lorde's text, the lesbian body figures neither as an essential or fixed identity nor as the site for a unified conception of community or home, but rather, as a paradigm for a new kind of writing--one which inhabits the very house of difference.

Black or African American↗
PubMed2005

Autobiography as a spiritual practice.

In this article autobiography is defined as a dialogue of the self with itself in the present about the past for the sake of self-understanding. Spirituality involves connectedness to oneself, others, nature and to a larger meaning. It is associated with creativity, play, wisdom, faith, and a sense of oneness. Writing and reflecting on one's autobiography enhances spiritual growth and can be therapeutic freeing people from outlived roles and self-imposed images. After discussing the history of spiritual autobiography as a genre, the author compares and contrasts four approaches to autobiography: the structured life review, the guided autobiography, the intensive journal workbook, and autobiographical work in twelve step programs. For those who work with older persons these techniques should prove very useful.

Aged↗