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At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Coccidian parasites (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) of Microtus spp. (Rodentia: Arvicolidae) from the United States, Mexico, and Japan, with descriptions of five new species.

Beginning in July 1980, 149 voles (Microtus spp.) representing 9 species and 14 subspecies collected in Japan, Mexico and the United States were examined for coccidia; 67 (45%) had oocysts in their feces. These included 1 of 3 (33%) M. californicus sactidiegi; 0 of 1 M. longicaudus longicaudus; 0 of 1 M. l. macrurus; 48 of 111 (43%) M. mexicanus including 11 of 26 (42%) M. m. fulviventer, 1 of 2 (50%) M. m. fundatus, 13 of 31 (42%) M. m. mexicanus, 1 of 4 (25%) M. m. mogollonensis and 22 of 48 (46%) M. m. subsimus; 5 of 8 (63%) M. montanus arizonensis; 6 of 6 M. montebelli montebelli; 2 of 4 (50%) M. oregoni oregoni; 5 of 13 (38%) M. pennsylvanicus pennsylvanicus; 0 of 1 M. quasiater and 0 of 1 M. townsendii townsendii. The following coccidians were identified from infected voles: Eimeria saxei n. sp. (syn. E. wenrichi "B") from M. c. sactidiegi; E. ochrogasteri, E. saxei, E. wenrichi (syn. E. wenrichi "A"), and Eimeria sp. from M. m. fulviventer, Eimeria sp. from M. m. fundatus; E. ochrogasteri, E. saxei, Eimeria tolucadensis n. sp., E. wenrichi, and Eimeria sp. from M. m. mexicanus; E. wenrichi from M. m. mogollonensis; Eimeria coahuiliensis n. sp., E. saxei, Eimeria subsimi n. sp., E. wenrichi, Eimeria sp., and Isospora mexicanasubsimi n. sp. from M. m. subsimus; E. tamiasciuri and E. wenrichi from M. m. arizonensis; Eimeria spp. from M. m. montebelli; E. saxei and E. wenrichi from M. o. oregoni; and E. ochrogasteri and E. wenrichi from M. p. pennsylvanicus. Sporulated oocytsts of Eimeria coahuiliensis n. sp. were ellipsoid, 29.6 X 19.6 (27-34 X 18-22) micron with ovoid sporocysts 14.4 X 8.9 (13-18 X 8-10) microns. Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria saxei n. sp. were subspheroid, 13.0 X 11.0 (11-14 X 10-12) micron with ovoid sporocysts 7.5 X 4.0 (6-9 X 4-5) micron. Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria subsimi n. sp. were ovoid/subspheroid, 25.1 X 18.7 (22-28 X 17-21) micron with ellipsoid sporocysts 13.9 X 7.4 (13-15 X 6-8) micron. Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria tolucadensis n. sp. were subspheroid, 25.4 X 20.3 (23-26 X 19-23) micron with ellipsoid sporocysts 11.3 X 7.8 (10-13 X 7-9) micron. Sporulated oocysts of Isospora mexicanasubsimi n. sp. were subspheroid, 23.7 X 23.1 (21-26 X 21-26) micron with ovoid sporocysts 14.9 X 10.8 (12-16 X 10-12) micron.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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PubMed1985

Eimeria species (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) infecting Peromyscus rodents in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico with description of a new species.

Of 198 deermice (Peromyscus spp) collected from various localities in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, 106 (54%) had eimerian oocysts in their feces when examined. These included 50 of 106 (47%) Peromyscus truei, 34 of 54 (63%) Peromyscus maniculatus, 4 of 17 (24%) Peromyscus leucopus, and 18 of 21 (86%) Peromyscus eremicus. The following Eimeria were identified from infected mice: Eimeria arizonensis and Eimeria langebarteli from P. truei; E. arizonensis, Eimeria peromysci, and Eimeria delicata from P. maniculatus; E. arizonensis and Eimeria lachrymalis n. sp. from P. eremicus; and E. langebarteli from P. leucopus. Of the 106 Peromyscus found positive for Eimeria, 97 (91.5%) harbored only a single eimerian species at the time of examination. Sporulated oocysts of E. lachrymalis n. sp. were ellipsoid, 27-35 X 17-21 (30.8 +/- 1.7 X 19.1-0.9) micron, possessed a smooth wall and one polar granule, but lacked a micropyle and an oocyst residuum. Sporocysts were teardrop-shaped, 9-13 X 6-10 (10.9 +/- 0.9 X 7.9 +/- 0.5) micron, and had a Stieda body and sporocyst residuum, but no substieda body. Prepatent periods in experimental infections were 3-6 days after inoculation (DAI) for E. arizonensis (hosts: P. eremicus, P. maniculatus, P. truei); 4-5 DAI for E. peromysci (host: P. maniculatus); 6-9 DAI for E. langebarteli (hosts: P. truei, P. leucopus); and 8-10 DAI for E. lachrymalis (host: P. eremicus). Patency in these infections lasted 6-11 days for E. arizonensis, 5-10 days for E. peromysci, 14-40+ days for E. langebarteli, and 19-50+ days for E. lachrymalis. Eimeria lachrymalis appears to produce occult infections in P. eremicus that can be reactivated upon inoculation of the host with E. arizonensis.

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PubMed1984

Arrested development in Eimeria nieschulzi (Apicomplexa: Eimeriina): results of single infections.

Arrested development of Eimeria nieschulzi in the rat was investigated by feeding tissues of infected rats to coccidia-free rats. Intestinal tissue of 33 infected rats was fed on days 9, 10, 11, 14, 17, 21, and 28 PI to 43 uninfected recipients. Eight recipients, which represent 24.2% of the donors, later showed infection. Infections were retained for as long as 21 days after the initial infection. A prepatent period of 6 to 7 days in the recipients allowed the inference that the retained stage was the sporozoite. No infections were observed in 14 recipients fed spleen, lymph nodes, liver, or lung of infected animals.

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PubMed1982

The genus atoxoplasma (Protozoa, Apicomplexa).

The apicomplexan protozoan genus Atoxoplasma Garnham, 1950 is resurrected and the family Atoxoplasmatidae n. fam. established for homoxenous blood parasites of birds that develop asexually in both the blood and intestinal cells, and form oocysts that are passed unsporulated in the feces, sporulate on the ground, and then infect new hosts. A list of 19 species of Atoxoplasma is given. Atoxoplasma desseri n. sp. of the evening grosbeak Coccothraustes vespertinus and rose-breasted grosbeak Pheucticus ludovicianus is named.

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PubMed1980

Some corrections of coccidian (Apicomplexa: Protozoa) nomenclature.

The following nomenclatural corrections and changes are introduced for the coccidia. NEW SPECIES: Cryptosporidium rhesi from the rhesus monkey Macaca mulatta; Cryptosporidium serpentis from the snakes Elaphe guttata, Elapha subocularis, Crotalus horridus, and Sanzinia madagascarensis; Eimeria perazae from the lizard Cnemidophorus l. lemniscatus; and Eimeria tarichae from the salamander Taricha toirosa. NEW COMBINATIONS: Orcheobius carinii for Cariniella carinii from the frog Leptodactylus ocellatus; Schellackia iguanae for Lainsonia iguanae from the iguana Iguana iguana; Schellackia weinbergi for Haemogregarina weinbergi from the lizard Tupinambis nigropunctatus; Dorisa harpia for Dorisiella harpia from the bat Harpiocephalus harpia lasyurus; Barrouxia labbei for Echinospora labbei from the centipedes Lithobius mutabilis and L. pyrenaicus; and Barrouxia ventricosa for Echinospora ventricosa from the centipede Lithobius hexodus. The generic names Lainsonia and Gordonella are synonymized with Schellackia; Echinospora with Barrouxia; and Cariniella with Orcheobius.

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PubMed1995

Coccidia (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the big bend slider, Trachemys gaigeae (Testudines: Emydidae), in New Mexico.

Twenty-nine Big Bend sliders Trachemys gaigeae (Hartweg, 1934) were collected from Socorro County, New Mexico, and their feces examined for coccidial parasites. Three (10%) of the turtles were found to be infected with at least 1 coccidian. Seven Eimeria spp. (E. chrysemydis, E. graptemydos, E. marginata, E. pseudemydis, E. pseudogeographica, E. stylosa, and E. trachemydis) were harbored by T. gaigeae. All represent new host and distributional records for these previously described coccidians. In addition, a single sympatric western painted turtle (Chrysemys picta bellii) harbored E. chrysemydis, E. graptemydos, and E. trachemydis. The latter coccidian is reported for the first time from C. picta bellii.

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PubMedDate not supplied

Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii (Apicomplexa) in meat producing animals in Costa Rica.

A serologic screening for Toxoplasma gondii antibodies by IgG indirect fluorescent antibodies test (IgG-IFAT) was carried among 496 swine and 601 cattle serum samples from throughout Costa Rica, to study the possible role of their meat in the transmission of the parasite. The overall prevalence of antibodies was 34.4% in cattle and 43.8% in swine. No significant differences were found in the antibody prevalence between males and females in both animal groups, which acquire the infection early in their lives. Swine did not present significant differences between age groups. In cattle there was a high percent of seropositivity between the first and third years of age. The provinces that showed a greater number of seropositive animals were Limón and Puntarenas for both animals, and Guanacaste for cattle.

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PubMed1995

Redescription of Goussia neglecta n. comb. (Nöller, 1920) (Apicomplexa; Coccidia) and notes on its occurrence in the gut of tadpoles.

Coccidian infection in Rana ridibunda and R. esculenta tadpoles was recorded in Hungarian fish farms. Oocysts enclosed in yellow bodies were found in the faeces and in the intestinal epithelium. Developmental stages also had intraepithelial sites. The species was identified with Eimeria neglecta Nöller, 1920; however, on the basis of its oocyst morphology it was transferred to the genus Goussia. Besides stages of Goussia neglecta n. comb., intranuclear trophozoites of another coccidian species were also recorded.

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PubMed1995

Effect of dietary magnesium on the susceptibility of mice to infection by protozoan parasites of the Apicomplexa and Mastigophora phyla.

Severe magnesium deficiency protects mice against infections by Plasmodium Spp. and Babesia hylomysci which invade mature erythrocytes. By contrast severe magnesium deficiency does not protect against parasite infections by P. berghei which invades reticulocytes, Toxoplasma gondii which invades macrophages, and Trypanosoma brucei which lives free in blood. The results indicate that the infectious response depends on the severity of magnesium deficiency and on the parasite species. The decrease in red blood cell magnesium and increased oxidant stress are possible explanations for the protective effect of magnesium deficiency.

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PubMedDate not supplied

[Cryptosporidium parvum (Apicomplexa: Sporozoa, Coccidia)--the optimization of a technic for isolating a large number of oocysts].

The Waldman e. a. (1986) method of separation of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts from feces by using a percoll discontinuous density gradient appeared a method of choice for obtaining large numbers of oocysts of C. parvum free of fecal contamination. Feces of 7-12 day old calves, spontaneously infected with C. parvum, were concentrated and purified by the above technique. The purified oocysts were shown to be infectious by inoculation of 6-9 day old rats with an average dose of 20,000 oocysts per animal. The rats shed oocysts after 4 days. At necropsy on day 4 postinoculation, the pattern of endogenous development appeared normal, when examined on frozen sections of fresh tissue, using the Bright cryostat, stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Samples of the clean sediment, presumably containing only oocysts of C. parvum, were smeared and stained with carbol fuchsin after Ziehl-Neelsen, and with gentian violet after Sidorenko (1988). With the latter technique, an intense gentian violet staining screened all the constituents of the smear, except the oocysts, which being "negatively stained" looked as small transparent spheres 4-5 mkm in diameter. But of special interest was the reaction of the smeared organisms with carbol fuchsin. Some organisms stained dark red and had a variable number of dark granules, seemingly on the surface; whereas others stained light reddish, if at all, and appeared as transparent spheres. It does not seem unlikely that the sediment, resulting from the final step of percoll separation, may contain, besides oocysts, some other endogenous stages (meronts, gamonts, thin-walled oocysts) that appeared in the lumen of the intestine because of an intense flow of diarrheal fluid during cryptosporidiosis. Unlike the thick walled oocysts, other endogenous stages are not covered with protective walls and thus fail to absorb acid fast staining. Segmented meronts were obviously observed on the rat fecal smears 96 hours after infection. This observation enables us to propose that newly infected hosts-recipients may obtain, with diarrheal fecal masses of infected donors, not only sporulated oocysts, but also some earlier developmental stages. Merozoites, released from the segmented meronts, could start in the intestine asexual rounds, thus shortening the resulting prepatent period. Fluctuations in prepatent period duration are characteristic of Cryptosporidium spp., and the above observation may be one of its explanations.

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PubMed1995

A description of Isospora amphiboluri (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the inland bearded dragon, Pogona vitticeps (Sauria: Agamidae).

Fecal samples from 50 captive inland bearded dragons, Pogona vitticeps (Ahl, 1926), bred in California, were examined for coccidian parasites. Sixteen (32%) of the lizards were found to be passing oocysts of Isospora amphiboluri Cannon, 1967, previously described from bearded dragons Pogona barbata (Cuvier, 1829) from Australia. Sporulated oocytes were spherical to subspherical, 25.3 x 25.1 (23-26 x 23-26) microns, with a shape index (length/width) of 1.0 (1.0-1.1). A micropyle, oocyst residuum, and polar granule were absent. Sporocyts were ovoidal, 17.0 x 11.4 (16-18 x 11-12) microns, with a shape index of 1.5 (1.4-1.7). A sporocyst residuum, Stieda, and substieda bodies were present, but parastieda bodies were absent. Sporozoites were elongated, 13.9 x 3.5 (12-15 x 3-4) microns in situ, containing spherical anterior and posterior refractile bodies. The occurrence of I. amphiboluri in P. vitticeps is a new host and geographic record for the parasite. Photomicrographs of the oocysts and endogenous life cycle stages of I. amphiboluri are presented for the first time.

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PubMed1994

New host and geographic records for coccidia (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from North American turtles.

Two-hundred-fifty-three turtles, representing 26 species within 5 families (Chelydridae, Emydidae, Kinosternidae, Testudinidae, Trionychidae) were examined for coccidia. Of these, 127 (50%) were found to harbor 1 or more of 28 species of eimerians, or isosporan, or both. One-hundred-thirteen (89%) of the infected turtles were aquatic species, whereas only 14 (11%) of the infected turtles were terrestrial species. Two-fold more aquatic turtles were infected with coccidia (113 of 200, 57%) compared to only 26% (14 of 53) of the terrestrial species. This report documents 14 new host and 8 new geographic records for eimerians from turtles in Arkansas and Texas.

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PubMed1994

[Localization of endogenous developmental stages of Cryptosporidium meleagridis Slavin, 1955 (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) in birds].

Localization of endogenous developmental stages of C. meleagridis was studied on the basis of observation of 4734 preparations from individual parts (in the distance of approx. 5 cm) of the small intestine, caeca (collum caeci, corpus, apex caeci), colon, cloaca, bursa of Fabricius, respiratory organs (sinus infraorbitalis, larynx, trachea, bronchi, air sacs) using the method of scraping mucous epithelium stained according to Giemsa after fixation with methanol (as well as histologically) from 155 naturally infected 9-66 day turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo f. dom.) in four large flocks in Central Bohemia, ten 46 and 47 day chicks (Gallus gallus f. dom.) and 1-3 day chicks infected experimentally. The protozoon was detected in various stages of its development in the microvilli of the small intestine of chicks 23-39 days old in the portion of 40-80 cm from the end of the duodenum. On day 5 after infection, asexual stages were found in experimentally infected chickens as near as in 8-12 cm. All forms of endogenous developmental stages including oocysts occurred usually massively in approx. 10 cm from the site of bifurcation of the caeca (plica ileocaecalis) in the ileum and in the collum caeci. The infection was prominently less intensive in the case of mucous epithelium of the colon, in the cloaca only meronts occurred very sporadically showing various developmental stages. The findings in the bursa of Fabricius and in the organs of respiratory tract were negative. In a total of 129 turkeys examined post mortem on three farms C. meleagridis were observed, endogenous developmental stages of the protozoon were found in 55 (42.6%) cases. Asexual stages (meronts in different stages of development) were observed sporadically for the first time in 23 days old birds. Maximum of infected turkeys in which all developmental stages of C. meleagridis were localized above all in the ileum and collum caeci were 30-39 days old (out of the total number of 60 dead birds examined the infection occurred in 30, i.e. in 63.3%). C. meleagridis was found in nine out of 10 dead 46- and 47-day chicks on two farms and in five out of 98 dead 14-49 day chicks, in four out of 10 pullets 7-9 months old and in one out of 22 dead parrots (Cacatua molucensis) sent for routine examination to the State Veterinary Institute in Prague from different parts of Central Bohemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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PubMed1995

Coccidian parasites (Apicomplexa) from snakes in the southcentral and southwestern United States: new host and geographic records.

Four hundred thirty-five leptotyphlopid, colubrid, elapid, and viperid snakes were collected from various localities in Arkansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas, and their feces were examined for coccidian parasites. Of these, 131 (30%) were passing oocysts or sporocysts of at least 1 coccidian; 88 (67%) of the infected snakes had only 1 species of coccidian when they were examined. Aquatic and semiaquatic snakes accounted for 48% of the infections, whereas strictly terrestrial snakes comprised the other 52%. There was more than a 2-fold difference in prevalence among these 2 groups as 63 of 129 (49%) of the aquatic and semiaquatic snakes versus 68 of 306 (22%) of the terrestrial snakes harbored coccidia. Most terrestrial snakes were infected by species of Caryospora and Sarcocystis that are either facultatively or obligatorily heteroxenous. The aquatic and semiaquatic species most often harbored eimerians. Attempts to transmit some of the Sarcocystis spp. experimentally from Crotalus atrox to Mus musculus, Peromyscus leucopus, Peromyscus maniculatus, or Microtus ochrogaster were unsuccessful. This report documents 27 new host and several distributional records for coccidians from snakes in the southcentral and southwestern United States.

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