Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “ART”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Works of art: a complement to theoretical knowledge when teaching nursing care.

Visual art dialogues were used in student nurses' education as a teaching and learning complement to theoretical knowledge of nursing care. An intervention group as well as a control group discussed what was characteristic of good nursing care. The control group was used to control for the effects of visual art dialogues in the intervention group. The study was undertaken at two university colleges of health sciences in Sweden. Data were collected from student nurses (n = 267) during their first year of study. The Wheel Questionnaire was used in the intervention group and control group. It measured three aspects of student nurses' perception of nursing situations: structure, the extent of emotional involvement, and motivation. The results showed statistical differences (one way ANOVA) between the intervention group in which visual art dialogues were implemented and the control group. Students in the intervention group, compared to the control group, were more structured, motivated and emotionally balanced when they expressed the elements most typical of good nursing care. They showed personal readiness in caring situations.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2001

Learning to look: developing clinical observational skills at an art museum.

CONTEXT: Clinical diagnosis involves the observation, description, and interpretation of visual information. These skills are also the special province of the visual arts. We describe an educational collaboration between a medical school and an art museum, designed for the purpose of developing student skills in observation, description, and interpretation. OBJECTIVES: In the programme, medical students first examine painted portraits, under the tutelage of art educators and medical school faculty. Then, the students examine photographs of patients' faces and apply the same skills. CONCLUSION: This programme, well-received by students and faculty, appeared to help the students not only in improving their empirical skills in observation, but also in developing increased awareness of emotional and character expression in the human face.

Art↗
PubMed1999

Nursing, art and science: revisiting the two cultures.

I begin this paper by setting out the importance of the Two Cultures debate, given that many nurse authors would agree with Closs's position that the art versus science debate should be closed finally. I suggest that issues are every bit as present and urgent in our current era as they were in the past. A brief tracing of the history of the Two Cultures debate highlights the relevance of the central features of the debate for nursing. I then focus on nursing's current understanding of science and art and attempt to defend science from some of the accusations levelled at it, while also questioning some of the claims made on behalf of the arts. In the latter sections of the paper, I make a case for the development of 'nursing humanities' and argue the vital importance of overcoming the Two Cultures divide for the everyday practices of nurses and midwives.

Art↗
PubMed1990

An analysis of the relationship between hostility and training in the martial arts.

Contrasting views and data are available on the issue of whether combative sports facilitate or reduce aggression. In the present study levels of hostility were assessed in two groups of martial arts students using the Buss-Durkee Inventory. Levels of hostility on a variety of the sub-scales were compared with scores from similar samples of participants in a body contact, aggressive but non-combative sport (rugby football) and a competitive sport with no body contact or direct aggression (badminton). When the effects of age and length of training were controlled by use of partial correlation there was no evidence to support group differences in either the combined score from the varied sub-scales of the inventory or the more specific assaultive sub-scale. However, there was evidence to suggest a significant effect of length of training on hostility levels in martial artists. Beginners attracted to the martial arts were more hostile but the hostility declined with the duration of training. No difference was apparent in this respect for students participating in either jui jitsu or karate. It is suggested that such differential effects with respect to length of training may lead to the overall absence of the between-sport differences. The results provide tentative support for the notion that the discipline of the martial arts may reduce assaultive hostility rather than serve as a model for such behaviour, yet support the need for prospective longitudinal studies on intra-individual hostility.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Philosophical instruments and toys: optical devices extending the art of seeing.

Philosophical instruments were designed to examine phenomena experimentally, rather than by naturalistic observation alone. In the nineteenth century, some instruments were called philosophical toys because they provided popular amusement as well as experimental assistance. They were applied widely in natural philosophy, but attention here is directed particularly to manipulations of perceived space and time and their influence on art. One of the earliest instruments, which had a profound impact on art as well as science, was the camera obscura. It assisted image formation in art before it was applied as an analogy to the eye at the beginning of the seventeenth century. Later philosophical toys were used to address visual perception of motion and depth. Development was initially driven by the need for stimulus control so that the methods of physics could be applied to the study of perceptual phenomena. The principal instruments were invented in the first half of the nineteenth century, and they consisted of simple contrivances that manipulated time and space in ways that had not previously been appreciated. They included thaumatropes, phenakistoscopes, stroboscopes, anorthoscopes, stereoscopes, tachistoscopes, and chronoscopes. Several of these philosophical toys proved to be phenomenally popular, particularly when combined with photography.

History, 16th Century↗
PubMed1999

A single case report of healing through specific martial art therapy: comparison of MRI to clinical resolution in severe cervical stenosis: a case report.

OBJECTIVES: A 76-year-old patient with chronic and severe spinal cord compression secondary to cervical stenosis, a cervical osteophyte, and a herniated intervertebral cervical disk had lasting resolution of symptoms after completing a specific, martial art-based, physical therapy program. We wanted to determine if there were structural changes in the cervical spine that could account for the prompt resolution of symptoms. DESIGN: A 76-year-old female completed 8 weeks of a specific, martial art-based, physical therapy. The pretherapy and posttherapy cervical magnetic resonance images (MRIs) were compared. A follow-up evaluation was done at 1 year. RESULTS: The patient was symptom-free within 8 weeks of the start of therapy. She remained symptom-free at 1 year follow-up evaluation. There were no obvious structural differences in the pretherapy and posttherapy MRI studies. CONCLUSIONS: Resolution of symptoms was directly related to the specific martial art therapy. However, there were no changes in the pretherapy and posttherapy MRI studies, suggesting a significant adaptation to the spinal compression had occurred. These data suggest a viable option to surgery in elderly patients with chronic and severe cervical spinal stenosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Use of art in the forensic psychiatric death investigation.

There is an extensive body of literature dealing with the use of art in the evaluation and therapy of psychiatric patients. In this case study, principles drawn from art therapy and Jung's writings on mandalas were used to draw a personality profile and to make a tentative diagnosis in a 36-year-old white man who had committed suicide in Mobile, Alabama. It is felt by the authors that art analysis can be a valuable tool in forensic psychiatry.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Transformation through grieving: art and the bereaved.

The literature on grief has focused primarily on the grieving process and individual manifestations of grief. Little has been written, however, about the transformative or growth potential of grief. The article focuses on the use of art therapy in an adult bereavement group and the potential benefits of using expressive art therapy in bereavement work. The art therapy activities provided the group members with occasions to express a full range of feelings and opportunities for them to reflect on their individual views of themselves.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Art and community health: lessons from an urban health center.

Staff at a nurse-managed urban health center conducted a series of art sessions to benefit the community. The authors believe the program's success clearly communicated the relationship between art and community health. As a result of the success of the sessions, plans are in the works to make art a permanent part of the health center's services.

Art↗
PubMed2002

Children's art as a helpful index of anxiety and self-esteem with plastic surgery.

Children often cannot adequately express their feelings about physical issues that may be affecting them emotionally. Nonverbal communication with art has been a time-tested tool in understanding and interpreting the feelings of children under stress. For 27 years, the author has used art as a helpful index of anxiety and self-esteem in children undergoing plastic surgery for congenital, traumatic, and aesthetic problems. A child psychiatrist and an art therapist evaluated 200 drawings. The evaluations corroborated the need to "listen" to our patients no matter what their size.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Understanding the life of illness: learning through the art of Frida Kahlo.

That nursing is an art as well as a science is in danger of becoming a cliché unless attempts are made to reverse the marginalization and exclusion of arts and humanities within nursing. An educational approach to promoting more esthetic and less instrumental thinking and understanding is described. This approach enables nurses to gain a deeper understanding of the lived experiences of suffering, chronic pain, miscarriage, and disability through engaging with the art of Mexican painter Frida Kahlo.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed2002

A phenomenological study of the art of nursing: experiencing the turn.

This study contributes to an understanding of the art of nursing by defining and focusing on the nurse's experience in achieving the object of nursing art. Nursing art is conceptualized as a transition that the nurse helps facilitate with a patient who has become "stuck" in some way. The request posed to participants was: "Tell me of your experience in helping a patient turn a corner in his or her illness and come to see his or her situation in a new way." This research resulted in three sets of findings; only those relevant to transitions are presented here.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2004

Testing the efficacy of a creative-arts intervention with family caregivers of patients with cancer.

PURPOSE: To test the efficacy of a creative arts intervention (CAI) with family caregivers of patients with cancer. DESIGN: A pre-posttest quasi-experimental design, with participation in the CAI as the independent variable and stress, anxiety, and emotions as the dependent variables. METHOD: The 6-month study was implemented at a regional cancer treatment center with family caregivers. The CAI consisted of several creative arts activities designed for delivery at the bedside. FINDINGS: Forty family caregivers reported significantly reduced stress, lowered anxiety, and increased positive emotions following CAI participation. CONCLUSIONS: The CAI promoted short-term well being in this family caregiver sample. Caregivers also increased positive communication with cancer patients and health care providers while expressing delight over their handmade pieces of art.

Affect↗
PubMed2006

No holds barred sport fighting: a 10 year review of mixed martial arts competition.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the most salient medical issues that may be associated with mixed martial arts competition by determining the types and proportions of match stoppages. METHODS: Publicly available video footage of 1284 men competing in 642 consecutive televised matches from November 1993 to November 2003 was reviewed to determine the reasons for which matches were stopped. Matches were sanctioned by either a United States or Japan based mixed martial arts organisation. RESULTS: Of the 642 matches, 182 (28.3+/-3.4%) were stopped because of head impact, 106 (16.5+/-2.9%) because of musculoskeletal stress, 91 (14.1+/-2.7%) because of neck choke, 83 (12.9+/-2.6%) because of miscellaneous trauma, 173 (27.0+/-3.4%) because of expiration of match time, and seven (1.0+/-0.8%) because of disqualification, where the values in parentheses are percentages+/-95% confidence interval. CONCLUSIONS: Blunt force to the head resulted in the highest proportion of match stoppages. Further research is warranted to delineate the morbidity associated with participation in mixed martial arts.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Babes and boobs? analysis of JAMA cover art.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the representation of the sexes in JAMA cover art. DESIGN: Review of 50 consecutive issues. SETTING: JAMA, March 1997-March 1998. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Numbers and nature of covers portraying men and women. RESULTS: Of the 50 covers, 34 depicted humans. 15 depicted women, 13 men, and 6 were of mixed or indeterminate sex. 11 pictures of women included a child and five included nudity. One cover showed a man with a child (not as a father) and none depicted nudity. Men were depicted exclusively in authoritative roles. CONCLUSIONS: Much of the cover art gives strong messages about sexual stereotypes that are inappropriate in modern society. JAMA should consider reviewing its policy for choosing cover art.

American Medical Association↗
PubMed1990

Syphilis in art: an entertainment in four parts. Part 1.

It is widely recognised that the history of art reveals the contemporary attitudes of societies and artists to changing patterns of social and sexual behaviour. This collection of artistic creations shows that representations of syphilis in art, over more than five centuries, are consistent with this view. The first quarter century of the morbus gallicus in Europe, starting in 1493, coincided with the spread of Renaissance influence, including printing. A host of pamphlets with woodcut illustrations reflected public alarm at the epidemic proportions and severity of the new disease, with its disabling and sometimes deadly consequences. Also revealed in these early works are the astrological and theological beliefs of disease causation as well as identifiable and serious attempts at public education. These twinned themes of understanding and educational endeavour recur together throughout the centuries and take many forms as man attempts to outline and influence attitudes and so improve his medico-social health. Attitudes to causation changed with experience so that by the beginning of the 17th century the morbus gallicus is no longer a mere contagion but recognised socially and represented artistically, as a morbus venereus. Its clinical presentation had changed remarkably from the alarming early days; and so too had its prevalence--from epidemic to endemic proportions. We find that the artists of both the 16th and 17th centuries, while somewhat reticent about syphilis, are nonetheless at pains to suggest that sex is not without its serious side effects. Their artistic exhortations suggest women as the source of the disease, so that we find Venus shown as both ideal love and the source of contamination. Such attitudes contrast strikingly with what follows. The 18th century is characterised by the sophisticated elements of European societies taking an irreverent or satirical view of sex and syphilis. In England this is reflected in the works of Hogarth and other notable caricaturists. The fierce castigation of men and their follies is matched by more understand and rational attitudes towards women. But it does not last. Indeed it seems almost to invite the studied censoriousness of the 19th centrury with women again stigmatised as a source of degradation and disease. In essence this collection of examples of syphilis in art illustrates wide variations in attitude and behaviour from alarm to tolerance and from intolerance through liberality to licence and much the same again, over nearly five centuries. Just occasionally an artist seems to be ahead of his times.

Engraving and Engravings↗
PubMed2006

Art produced by a patient with Parkinson's disease.

Artists with neurological diseases sometimes produce remarkably appealing art. Here we present the art of a patient with Parkinson's disease, who demonstrated remarkable creativity and productivity well into the course of his disease. Despite his manifest motor impairments, he produced paintings and drawings with fluid sinuous movements. He also became preoccupied with his art in an unprecedented way, raising the possibility that his disease and medications were contributing to his creative drive.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Medical health and emotional effects of art stimulation in old age. A controlled intervention study concerning the effects of visual stimulation provided in the form of pictures.

The present article reports on a controlled intervention study of the effects of a nondirected use of pictures as a possible modality for improving well-being in elderly women. Works of art were chosen for the individual taste pattern on the basis of psychological and art scientific research on aesthetic reactions to and perception of art. Participants were randomly allocated either to the intervention (n = 20) or to the control (n = 20) group. Participants in both groups had the same amount of social contact with and attention from the experimenter. The difference between the groups indicated improved well-being in the intervention group, an improvement not seen in the control group. The quantitative analyses of the results reveal a significant improvement of the positive mood parameters happiness, peacefulness, satisfaction and calmness and the negative parameters low-spirited, unhappy and sad. Systolic blood pressure decreased and an improvement was seen in the subjects' medical health status with regard to reported dizziness, fatigue, pain and use of laxatives.

Activities of Daily Living↗