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At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

A comparison of the effects of two antiseptic agents on Staphylococcus epidermidis colony forming units at the peritoneal dialysis catheter exit site.

Peritonitis is the most common complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD). Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epi), a common skin organism, is the microorganism that is identified is the majority of episodes of peritonitis. The PD catheter breaks the natural skin barrier and allows a periluminal migration of bacteria from the skin surface into the sterile peritoneal cavity. Exit site care is routinely performed to decrease the colony counts of microorganisms on the skin surrounding the PD catheter. Research data is limited to support any of the currently used protocols for exit site care. This study compared the effect of two antiseptic agents, povidone-iodine (P-I) and chlorhexidine gluconate (CG), on S. epi colony forming units (cfu) at the PD catheter exit site over a 24 hour period. Because the distribution of the research data was markedly non-normal, a descriptive approach was used to interpret the data. Results showed that there was no difference between P-I and CG immediately after exit site care. All patients had zero growth at Time I. One trend that emerged was that at 24 hours after exit site care with P-I, more patients (54%) had S. epi cfu than did patients (15%) cleaned with CG.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Antimicrobial efficiency of some antiseptic products on endodontic microflora isolated from gangrenous pulp tissue.

AIM: The aims of the study are to investigate the bactericidal effect of three antiseptics (chlorhexidine solution, povidone-iodine solution, and Walkhoff solution) and to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration and their effect on different microbial species. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The study was performed on microflora derived from root canals with simple and complicated pulp gangrene and on pure strains of Enterococcus and Candida albicans. RESULTS: Chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine proved to have antibacterial and antifungal effects if used in the treatment of pulp gangrene and in cases not responding to conventional therapy. CONCLUSION: According to the obtained results, the spectrum of antibacterial agents used in infected canal irrigation can be enlarged to include the agents tested.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of a new antiseptic based on natural substances.

In this study the authors compared different forms of a new antiseptic (Acisept), based on natural substances, with a number of well-established skin disinfectants routinely used in their hospital. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed. The excellent in vitro results were not quite matched by those in vivo. On the other hand, no statistically significant difference was observed between the in vivo results of Acisept and those of the reference products. Acisept appears to be, in every one of its commercial forms, an efficient skin disinfectant comparable to those currently used in the authors' hospital. A lack of remanence was found in both Acisept and the reference products.

Acetates↗
PubMed1991

[In vitro activity of an antiseptic, chlorquinaldol, against Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis].

The activity of chlorquinaldol, a derivative of hydroxy-8-quinolein used for local antisepsy, was studied against Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis. The weak solubility of the product and the special growth conditions of the organisms made an adaptation of the AFNOR norm necessary. For 0.1 to 0.2% (W/V) chlorquinaldol concentrations, a reduction of about 10(4) organisms was obtained after 60 minutes for N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis. However, for technical problems, the concentrations tested were 10 to 100 times lower than the doses usually recommended for this antiseptic.

Chlamydia trachomatis↗
PubMed1990

[Comparative characteristics of bactericidal activity of various traditional and currently available antiseptics used in surgery].

Comparative study of the microbicidal activity of some traditional (hydrogen peroxide, boric acid, nitrofurazone) and currently available (Baliz-2, dioxidine, chlorhexidine bigluconate, pervomur) antiseptics against the most commonly encountered causative agents of purulent surgical infection showed 0.8%, 1.2%, and 2.4% pervomur solutions to possess the highest bactericidal and sporicidal activity. This circumstance allowed weak (0.8 and 1.2%) solutions of pervomur to be used in the clinic in 68 patients for the management of purulent postoperative complications and localized purulent infection, which improved the results of treatment significantly.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed1990

A review of antiseptics. Cleansing agents.

1. The cells of the stratum corneum are rough, jagged, and contain myriad niches in which bacteria dwell. The complex structure of the stratum corneum limits complete access of any chemical; an antiseptic agent must have contact to kill bacteria. 2. Shaving hair on the skin, long considered essential prior to surgery, has been shown to sabotage the effectiveness of the preoperative skin preparation. 3. Experimental evidence over a long period has documented that no other agent can achieve as rapid and large a reduction in skin flora as alcohol. 4. The preoperative hand scrub calls not only for removal of dirt, grease, and pathogens from the surface of the hands, but also a maximum reduction of the resident flora.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed1990

[Comparative study of the effect of various antiseptics and ozone gas on pathogens of ulcus cruris].

The germicidal influence of various antiseptics on the bacterial and fungal flora of leg ulcers was studied in vitro. Best effects were achieved by the triphenylmethane dyes brilliant green and methylrosaniline chloride. Chloramine and povidone iodine yielded average results, whereas the germicidal effects of potassium permanganate and eosin were not satisfactory. On the other hand, treatment with ozone resulted in sufficient inactivation of germs--with the only exceptions of Serratia and Klebsiella species.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed1990

A controlled model of moist wound healing: comparison between semi-permeable film, antiseptics and sugar paste.

An established wound model in the pig has been modified using a Stomahesive ring to enable study of the effects of fluids used in wound care. Full thickness wounds (up to 9 mm deep) were treated with the substances under test. Each application was held in place with a Stomahesive flange, the inner part of which had been excised as far as the hard plastic ring. All dressings were then covered with OpSite which allowed gaseous exchange whilst retaining treatment fluids and secretions. Wounds were treated immediately and at 2 and 4 days. The experiment was terminated after 7 days and the whole wound, with dressing, was excised for histological examination. The wounds covered with OpSite alone and those treated with sugar paste under Opsite were found to be infilled with granulation tissue over which epidermal migration was taking place. Those wounds which had been packed with gauze, to which had been added one of the following: chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2%, Irgasan 0.2%, povidone iodine 0.8% or EUSOL half-strength, showed delayed healing in that less infilling had taken place over the same time period. This delay could be attributed to the nature of the chemicals used and/or the influence of gauze packing. This delay in the healing of wounds treated with chemical agents was least with EUSOL half-strength and greatest with chlorhexidine. No toxic effects were observed with sugar paste which may be preferable to antiseptics for the management of dirty or infected wounds.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1990

[Comparative study of 2 methods to determine the in vivo bactericidal activity of antiseptics].

In France in 1990, there is no standardized method to study the bactericidal activity in vivo of antiseptics. A comparative study of the Williamson-Kligmann techniques (on the epidermis of the forearm) and of the bag of Gaschen (on the hands) has been carried out by using 11 products and 10 volunteers for each of them. On the forearm, the rates of reduction of the number of bacterias numbered in decimal logarithms are significantly much higher to those measured on the hand. After having stated the advantages and drawbacks of each of these two techniques, an account fort the differences in the activity that have been observed is suggested. None of these two techniques is universal and one or the other has to be used according to the therapeutic prescription (antisepsy of the normal skin or of the hands) of the patent medicine.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1990

[Efficacy of 2 antiseptics intended for the disinfection of normal skin].

In Switzerland, antiseptics must be checked for their "in use" efficacy before being admitted by the Federal Office of Public Health (FOPH). Betadine solution standardized and Merfen tincture widely used in Swiss hospitals for skin disinfection, were compared following federal prescriptions. Tests were performed by the technique of Williamson and Kligman modified by Fleurette and Transy. After comparison of statistical data (t test at 5% probability) we concluded that both products in these defined conditions present similar efficacy and obey to prescriptions of FOPH.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Function of antiseptics in reducing post-extraction bacteremia].

A descriptive, transversal, prospective and comparative study was carried out, during six months, at the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, "Saturnino Lora" Teaching Provincial Hospital, Santiago de Cuba, in order to detect effect of irrigating the gingival sulcus region with 1% chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine on incidence of bacteremia in comparison with control solution (saline solution). It is proved that the irrigation of gingival sulcus with an antiseptic solution is a useful element as complement of antibiotic prophylaxis in patient with risk of undergoing bacterial endocarditis. The 92 microorganisms isolated post-exodontia were examined against eight antibiotics and produced results supporting the use of penicillin and macrolides in the prophylaxis of infectious endocarditis.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1989

[Effectiveness of selected disinfectant and antiseptic preparations on potentially pathogenic micromycetes].

Using the contact test, the author investigated the antifungal efficiency of 13 disinfectants and antiseptic preparations (hydrogen peroxide, Persteril, Jodonal B, Jodisol, Chlordetal, Famosept-Super, Septonex, Ajatin, Cresolum saponatum, ethanol, Desident spray, chlorhexidine, Galli-Valerio solution) against 23 strains of eight genera of microscopic fungi (Absidia, Aspergillus, Candida, Geotrichum, Mucor, Rhizopus, Torulopsis and Trichosporon). The results revealed that filamentous fungi and among them in particular zygomycetes are more resistant against the above preparations than yeasts. The highest antifungal activity was observed in 5% Creolum saponatum and 1% and 2% Famosept Super. On the other hand, 3% H2O2, 5% Jodisol and 0.1% Chlorhexidine were almost ineffective. On investigations of the vitality of spores and fragments of the mycelium of the tested micromycetes the greatest resistance to desiccation was manifested by conidia and hyphae of aspergilli, the smallest one by blastopores of yeasts Candida albicans and Torulopsis glabrata.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed1989

A model for testing antiseptic efficacy: a preliminary study on Betadine and Germidine.

Efficacy of povidone iodine antiseptic, betadine and germidine, was tested against normal skin flora and four pathogenic bacteria namely S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by a new model. The study was performed on the volar surface of forearms of ten patients. First of all, the skin flora was cultured then 10(8) cu/ml of the tested organisms was applied by a cotton swab and left to dry for 1 minute before the culture was repeated. Betadine or germidine was applied over the area previously painted with the organism. The culture was taken 1 to 2 minutes thereafter. The results showed that this model was feasible and convenient. Betadine and germidine are efficacious against normal skin flora and pathogenic bacteria.

Gram-Negative Bacteria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Indices of microorganism sensitivity to antiseptics in apical periodontitis].

High incidence of detection of staphylococci aur. and epiderm.; streptococci hemolyt. and virid., and gram-negative microorganisms in dental root channels in periodontic patients was established. Among antiseptic drugs, most toward major periodontal++ initiators were pervomur, iodopyrone, chlorhexidine, ethonium.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed1989

[Antibiotic and antiseptic prophylaxis in thoracic surgery. Controlled study].

The aim of this report was to evaluate perioperative antibiotherapy and antiseptic irrigation of the operative site in the prevention of post-pneumonectomy empyema. From 1984 to 1986, 171 patients undergoing pneumonectomy at our institution for bronchogenic carcinoma were randomly selected in 2 groups: group I (85 patients) received a "classical" prophylaxis: irrigation of the operative site with saline, plus a 7-day antibiotherapy (minocycline 200 mg/24 h) started the evening following surgery; group II (86 patients): irrigation of the operative site was performed with Povidone iodine (dilution 5%); antibiotherapy (cefotiam was given for a short period (2 g intraoperatively, 2 g 12 hours and 24 hours following surgery). We used a "pragmatic" approach in order to choose, whatever the results would be, a type of perioperative antibiotherapy. We thus accepted the choice, without the help of statistical tests, of the therapy that would best prevent infection, and, if both regimens would demonstrate the same efficacy, to leave the choice at random. The only statistical test was to calculate the "gamma-risk" that we choose the worst among the 2 regimens. Although no significant difference in the overall infection rate was observed between the 2 groups, there were 9 empyemas (5 of those with bronchial fistula) in group I and 3 empyemas (2 of those with bronchial fistula) in group II. The cefotiam-povidone iodine regimen is thus better than the minocycline-saline regimen in the prevention of post-pneumonectomy empyema (3.5% v.s. 10.5%). The "gamma-risk", ie the probability that the minocycline-saline regimen is the best, calculated from these percentages, is 0.03.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Antimicrobial effect of endodontic antiseptics].

The endodontic antiseptics chloramine, sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine digluconate were evaluated for antimicrobial effect by a complex of susceptibility testing. In the agar diffusion test, tube dilution test and plate flooding test chlorhexidine digluconate was the most efficient agent against isolates of infected root canal.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed1989

[Toxicity of different endodontic antiseptics].

The median lethal dose (LD 50) of endodontic antiseptics sodium hypochlorite, chloramine and chlorhexidine digluconate was determined in experiment on albino mice using the method described by Litchfield and Wilcoxon. Sodium hypochlorite and chloramine have shown a twice stronger toxic effect than chlorhexidine digluconate. The difference was significant.

Animals↗