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PubMed1992

Differential expression of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase II in benign and malignant breast tissue.

Comparative analysis of expression levels of genes in benign and malignant tumours of the breast has been performed. Differential screening of cDNA libraries identified four genes of the mitochondrial genome as being expressed at different levels in the two tissues compared, but further investigations showed that only the gene encoding subunit 2 of cytochrome c oxidase (COII) is expressed at significantly higher levels in carcinomas compared with fibroadenomas. The mitochondrial genes encoding subunits 2 and 4 of NADH dehydrogenase, and subunit 6 of F0F1ATPase, were not found to be differentially expressed in carcinomas and fibroadenomas. All four genes were expressed in the epithelium of human breast carcinomas, as shown by in situ hybridization. The expression level of the COII gene is also correlated with carcinoma grade. No gross alterations to the mitochondrial DNA from these tumours could be detected. The possible implications of these results on the behavioural differences between fibroadenomas and carcinomas are discussed.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1983

Fibroadenoma-like foci in human prostatic nodular hyperplasia.

A morphologically distinctive lesion similar to fibroadenomas in female breast was found in 12 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia out of 1356 prostatic specimens examined. All of them were from patients older than 60 years of age, and none from either normal or carcinomatous prostates. A possible pathogenetic interrelationship between the prostatic lesion and the fibroadenomas of female breast is discussed.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1994

Epithelial cells are an important source of tenascin in normal and malignant human breast tissue.

The extracellular matrix glycoprotein tenascin is limited to the periductal matrix of normal breast tissue but is markedly increased in both malignant and fibroadenomatous proliferations. It has been hypothesized that the changes in tenascin expression in these tissues are the result of epithelial induction of tenascin expression by the underlying mesenchyme. We have used Western and Northern blotting techniques to examine tenascin expression by normal and malignant mammary epithelial cells in culture. Normal mammary epithelial cells express tenascin in culture and incorporate the protein into the underlying matrix. The SV40-transformed mammary epithelial cell line HBL100 and some established mammary carcinoma cell lines also express tenascin. In contrast to normal mammary epithelial cells, carcinoma cells incorporate very little tenascin into the underlying matrix. To examine the source of tenascin expression in vivo, we have used in situ hybridization to demonstrate that the epithelial cells are a significant source of tenascin in both normal and malignant breast tissues.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed2001

Positive emission tomography for evaluating a complete clinical response in patients with ovarian or peritoneal carcinoma: correlation with second-look laparotomy.

OBJECTIVE: Positive emission tomography (PET) provides a novel means of imaging malignancies. The following study was undertaken to evaluate the predictive value of PET in determining a pathologic complete response in patients with advanced ovarian or peritoneal carcinoma who had a complete clinical response following primary chemotherapy. METHODS: Twenty-two patients with advanced-stage ovarian (N = 17) or peritoneal (N = 5) carcinoma who had achieved complete clinical and radiologic remission and normal CA-125 level after six cycles of chemotherapy and who had consented to a second look laparotomy procedure were studied. All patients received platinum based therapy and all but one patient, treated elsewhere, received paclitaxel in combination with platinum. Following IV administration of 20 mCi [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), the entire abdomen and pelvis were scanned. Various technical modifications including bladder activity dilution, intravenous hydration with diuretic therapy, and mechanical bowel preparations, were used to reduce background activity. Second-look laparotomy findings were classified as negative, macroscopically positive if a biopsy of a suspicious area was histologically positive, or microscopically positive if only a nonsuspicious area was histologically positive. The effect of patient preparation prior to PET imaging was evaluated. RESULTS: Persistent disease was found in 13 of the 22 patients (59%). Only one of nine sites with macroscopic and none of four with microscopic disease were accurately predicted. The sensitivity was only 10% and the specificity 42%. Intravenous hydration, diuretic therapy, and bowel preparation did not improve the results. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that despite technical modifications the sensitivity of PET before second-look laparotomy for small-volume persistent disease is low.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1994

Oxygenation of mammary tumors as evaluated by ultrasound-guided computerized-pO2-histography.

The average pO2 in breast carcinomas in situ is significantly lower than that in the normal breast tissue. The mean pO2 value for benign breast tumors is significantly higher than that of the breast cancers but lies significantly lower than the corresponding normal breast. No significant differences are found in the mean pO2 values when comparing cancers of different stages and histology. A decrease in the mean pO2 value is measured from the periphery to the center of the breast tumors investigated. The average pO2 values for pre- and postmenopausal patients differ significantly. The described method provides a reliable assessment of tissue pO2 in situ with a minimum of discomfort. Due to extensive inter tumor heterogeneity, prediction of pO2 values for tumors of same stage and same histology is not possible, so that measurement of individual tumor is mandatory for determining therapy response.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1992

A rare case of fibroadenoma in a tubular adenoma of the breast.

We report herein a case of a 31 year old housewife who underwent an excisional biopsy for a well-circumscribed lump in her breast. The lump contained 2 histological patterns, namely, fibroadenoma and tubular adenoma. These patterns had no transitional zone, were distinct and changed abruptly. This case was histologically diagnosed as "a fibroadenoma in tubular adenoma of the breast, benign", with no other such case ever having been reported in Japan. The histological findings of this case, convinced us that tubular adenoma is closely related to fibroadenoma.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1993

The coexistence of lobular carcinoma in a fibroadenoma with a malignant phyllodes tumor in the opposite breast: report of a case.

It is very unusual for a carcinoma of the breast to coexist with a phyllodes tumor, or for a carcinoma to arise within a fibroadenoma. We present herein an extremely rare case of lobular carcinoma in situ arising in a fibroadenoma, associated with a malignant phyllodes tumor in the opposite breast. A 49-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with a large mass in the right breast and a small mass in the left breast. Microscopic examination of biopsy materials revealed a malignant phyllodes tumor in the right breast and a fibroadenoma in the left breast, for which a right standard radical mastectomy and left lumpectomy were performed. Microscopic findings of the material excised from the left breast showed the presence of multiple lobular carcinoma in situ within the tumor mass of the fibroadenoma. However, histological examination did not detect any metastasis to the bilateral axillary lymph nodes. To our knowledge this is the only such case ever to be reported in Japan.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1975

[Comparative studies of simultaneous intraoperative frozen sections and imprint cytology of the mamma (author's transl)].

250 tissue biopsies of the mamma were examined simultaneously by intraoperative histology (frozen sections) and imprint cytology. In 95% of the cases there was a good agreement between the histologic and cytologic diagnoses. The reliability of the imprint cytology was tested in some complicated cases such as proliferating fibroadenomas, sclerosing adenosis and carcinomas and the significance of the imprint cytology for the diagnosis of difficult cases was pointed out in detail. The results have demonstrated, that such a cytologic examination can not be a substitute for intraoperative frozen sections - but the simultaneous cytologic examination of unfixed mamma biopsies can be a good searching method and can be helpful in the intraoperative diagnostic.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1992

Changes in the extracellular matrix of the normal human breast during the menstrual cycle.

The normal human mammary gland undergoes a well defined sequence of histological changes in both epithelial and stromal compartments during the menstrual cycle. Studies in vitro have suggested that the extracellular matrix surrounding the individual cells plays a central role in modulating a wide variety of cellular events, including proliferation, differentiation and gene expression. We therefore investigated the distribution of a number of extracellular matrix molecules in the normal breast during the menstrual cycle. By use of indirect immunofluorescence, with specific antibodies, we demonstrated that laminin, heparan sulphate proteoglycan, type IV collagen, type V collagen, chondroitin sulphate and fibronectin undergo changes in distribution during the menstrual cycle, whereas collagen types I, III, VI and VII remain unchanged. These changes were most marked in the basement membrane, sub-basement membrane zone and delimiting layer of fibroblasts surrounding the ductules where basement membrane markers such as laminin, heparan sulphate proteoglycan, and type IV and V collagens appear greatly reduced during the mid-cycle period (days 8 to 22). These results suggest that some extracellular matrix molecules may act as mediators in the hormonal control of the mammary gland, whereas others may have a predominantly structural role.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1989

Tissue polypeptide antigen expression in human prostate tumors.

Thirty-seven specimens of benign and malignant prostatic tumors were studied for the localization of tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) by an avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex technique. In addition, 23 metastases of prostatic carcinoma in other organs and 12 nonepithelial tumors of prostate also were studied. All benign and malignant tumors of epithelial origin, including their metastasis, stained positively. Nonepithelial tumors were uniformly negative. In the metastatic lesions, small foci of tumor cells and even single tumor cells could be identified by TPA staining. Immunohistochemical localization of TPA appeared to be a useful tool for assessing the micrometastases of prostatic carcinoma in other organs, especially lymph nodes, or elucidating the epithelial origin of an otherwise undifferentiated prostatic cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

On the histogenesis and morphology of ovarian carcinomas.

The modern classification of ovarian tumors based on histogenetic principles is clinically important in the evaluation of prognosis and differential therapy. Ninety percent of malignant ovarian tumors belong to the category of "common carcinomas." All of these tumors originate from the coelomic epithelium at any of various stages of its differentiation into the derivatives of the Müllerian duct, giving rise to a large group of tumors that can be subdivided into serous papillary cyst-adenocarcinomas arising from surface-like epithelium, mucinous cystadenocarcinomas arising from endocervical-like epithelium, endometrioid carcinomas from endometrium-like epithelium, clear-cell carcinomas from endocervical or endometrium-like epithelium, malignant cystadenofibromas from undetermined pluripotent Müllerian epithelium, and (malignant) Brenner tumors from heterotopic epithelium resembling Wolffian differentiation, as seen in the urothelium. The well differentiated stages of these carcinomas can be readily distinguished by comparing them with the derivates of the Müllerian epithelium. The poorly differentiated types, on the other hand, may provide no criteria for comparison, but can still be classified as belonging to the group of common epithelial tumors. Adenocarcinomas of one type may also contain portions of another related type, e.g., serous papillary carcinomas may contain mucinous glands or groups of clear cells and vice versa. Serous papillary carcinomas form the largest group containing about 50% of all ovarian carcinomas. The endometrioid carcinomas comprise roughly 20%, the mucinous carcinomas 10%, and the VXGHb-cell carcinomas roughly 10%. Five percent of all carcinomas are unclassifiable and the remaining 5% constitute the group of rare ovarian carcinomas: the malignant cystadenofibromas, adenosarcomas, malignant mesenchymal mixed tumors, and malignant Brenner tumors. The three main groups can be histologically subdivided into three grades: those of high, moderate and poor differentiation. In addition, a borderline tumor representing a pre-stage of invasion and metastasis has been recognized. The prognosis with serous papillary carcinomas is poor, with an overall 5-year survival rate of 20%; the 5-year survival rate for mucinous carcinomas is 40%-60%, for endometrioid carcinomas 55%, and for clear-cell carcinomas 40%. Statistically significant data for predicting the prognosis for rare carcinomas are not available.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1975

[Radial scars (scarring) and obliterating mastopathy (author's transl)].

The lesion, known under several names, consists of an hyalinized sclerotic center containing abundant elastic and elastoid masses. These radiate into the periphery and enclose lobuli which reveal epithelial proliferation varying from simple hyperplasia with epithelial villi to the rather rare true papillomas. The hyaline and elastic masses in the central parts surround tubuli and correspond to a lesion known as obliterating mastitis (mastopathy) that may lead to total occlusion of the ducts. The entire process ends with a contracting scar that alters the lobuli stemming from the obliterated duct. These may atrophy, dilate, or respond with different forms of hyperplasia. Therefore the designation "radial scars (scarring) possibly with epithelial proliferation" is proposed. As is emphasized the condition may be associated with tubular carcinoma and may resemble pseudoinfiltration in sclerosing adenosis.

Adenofibroma↗