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At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Localization of perlecan and heparanase in Hertwig's epithelial root sheath during root formation in mouse molars.

During cementogenesis, dental follicular cells penetrate the ruptured Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) and differentiate into cementoblasts. Mechanisms involved in basement membrane degradation during this process have not been clarified. Perlecan, a heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycan, is a component of all basement membranes. Degradation of HS of perlecan by heparanase cleavage affects a variety of biological processes. We elucidated immunolocalization of perlecan and heparanase in developing murine molars to clarify their roles in cementoblast differentiation. At the initial stage of root formation, perlecan immunoreactivity was detected on the basement membrane of HERS. Weak heparanase immunoreactivity was detected in HERS cells. HERS showed intense staining for heparanase as root formation progressed. In contrast, labeling for perlecan disappeared from the basement membrane facing the dental follicle, and weak immunoreactivity for perlecan was detected on the inner side of the basement membrane of HERS. These findings suggest that perlecan removal is an important step for root and periodontal tissue formation. Heparanase secreted by the cells of HERS may contribute to root formation by degrading perlecan in the dental basement membrane.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

CB1 receptor localization in rat spinal cord and roots, dorsal root ganglion, and peripheral nerve.

AIM: The localization of CB1 receptors in the spinal cord, spinal roots, dorsal root ganglion (DRG), and peripheral nerve of the rat was determined. METHODS: We studied the distribution of CB1 cannabinoid receptors by immunohistochemistry using an antibody raised against the N-terminal of the receptor. RESULTS: The spinal cord showed numerous transverse fibers labelled for CB1 receptors throughout and concentrated in the dorsal horn. Lightly-stained cells were observed throughout the spinal cord gray matter. The DRG also showed cells and fibers labelled for CB1 receptors. Labelled fibers were observed in both dorsal and ventral roots as well as in peripheral nerves. CONCLUSION: The presence of CB1 receptors in the DRG, the dorsal root, and the dorsal horn is in accordance with the analgesic effects of cannabinoids. The presence of labelled cells and fibers in the ventral horn and ventral root provides a substrate for cannabinoid-induced muscle relaxant and antispastic effects.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[Clinical study on effects of root canal instrumentation on the root canal microflora].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of instrumentation and ultrasonic treatment on the root canal flora. METHODS: A total of 21 single-rooted teeth with chronic apical periodontitis were selected and prepared using step-back/ultrasonic technique, Samples were taken before and after the step-back preparation, and after the ultrasonic treatment. RESULTS: The number and species of bacteria in the root canal were both reduced dramatically and there were significant differences among the three groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The instrumentation and ultrasonic treatment of root canal can effectively reduce the number and species of root canal microflora.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

In vitro regeneration of roots of Phyla nodiflora and Leptadenia reticulata, and comparison of roots from cultured and natural plants for secondary metabolites.

Adventitious roots, generated using leaf explants of P. nodiflora, and meristem explants of L. reticulata, were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with napthylacetic acid (2 microM) and indole butyric acid (3 microM) respectively. After 30 days, subculturing of roots in liquid MS medium with napthylacetic acid (1.5 microM) for P. nodiflora and indole butyric acid (3 microM) for L. reticulata afforded considerable increase in root mass. HPTLC profiles and microscopic examination of transverse sections of in vitro and naturally grown roots provided information on secondary metabolite accumulation vis-à-vis developmental stages of the root.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Effect of different cultivation practices on Fe and Cd content in iron plaque outside rice root and Cd content in rice root].

The effects of different cultivation practices-traditional flooding (TF), film mulching (FM), straw mulching (SM), and wetting cultivation (WC)-on Cd concentrations in Indica and Japonica roots and on Cd and Fe concentrations in iron plaque outside the roots were studied at different growth stages (tillering, booting, filling and harvest) with a Cd-polluted soil. The results showed that in all practices, the mean Fe concentration in iron plaque and the mean Cd concentration in roots of Japonica at tillering stage were 6.37 mg.mg-1 and 25.49 mg.kg-1, and greater than those of Indica, which were 4.52 mg.mg-1 and 16.37 mg.kg-1 respectively; at booting stage, the mean Fe and Cd concentrations in iron plaque and the mean Cd concentrations of Japonica were 1.60, 16.35 and 54.68 mg.kg-1, and greater than those of Indica, which were 1.06 mg.mg-1, 9.56 and 43.31 mg.kg-1, respectively; at filling stage, the Fe concentrations in iron plaque of Japonica in SM and WC were 0.89 and 1.00 mg.mg-1, and those of Indica were 0.63 and 0.30 mg.mg-1; in all practices, the mean Cd concentrations in iron plaque and root of Japonica were 15.23 and 73.68 mg.kg-1, and those of Indica were 3.46 and 52.38 mg.kg-1; at harvest stage, the Fe concentration in iron was plaque of Indica in TF was 1.21 mg.mg-1 and that of Japonica was 0.65 mg.mg-1, but that of Japonica in SM was 0.94 mg.mg-1 and that of Indica in SM was 0.55 mg.mg-1; the Cd concentration in iron plaque of Japonica in WC was 7.96 mg.kg-1, and that of Indica was 5.09 mg.kg-1; the mean Cd concentration in root of Japonica was 54.53 mg.kg-1 and that of Indica was 35.91 mg.kg-1 in all practices.

Cadmium↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Aberrant root formation: review of root genesis and three case reports.

The mechanism of root formation and tooth eruption is a complex process which is not fully understood. Prior to a tooth emerging into the oral cavity, root genesis is initiated by derivatives of the enamel organ. The dental follicle mediates an eruption pathway allowing for movement of the developing tooth in a coronal direction. As the tooth moves towards the oral cavity, root formation occurs passively in the resulting space. Failure of the enamel organ and dental follicle to properly coordinate may result in complications in the eruption process. This clinical report presents 3 cases of isolated, unerupted teeth with dysmorphology of the roots. The process of root development and tooth eruption is also briefly reviewed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Effectiveness of some means using against root rot on parsley seedling root.

The results of a two-year study concern the effectiveness of 4 substances--biopreparate Chitosol (beta-1,4 D-glucosamine polymer) and fungicides: Rovral Flo 255 SC (BAS iprodione 255 g/dm3), Sportak Alpha 380 EC (BAS prochloraz 0,300 dm3/dm3 and carbendazim 80 g/dm3) and Zaprawa Funaben T (carbendazim 20% + tiuram 45%)--used against root rot and plant rot was described. These experiments were conducted in glasshouse and field conditions. Root of parsley cultivar Berlińska were treated one of tested substances autumn before storage period in clamp or spring immediately before planting seedling roots. The results showed that autumn dressing was ineffective, indices of root infestation were similar in each combination including control in both years of observation. Spring dressing was better, but not only in controls were many parsley plants decaying in the fields. Among substances used for spring dressing of seedling roots, the best efficacy exhibited Zaprawa Funaben T and Sportak Alpha 380 EC.

Alternaria↗
PubMed2005

[Effects of physical and chemical factors on hairy root growth and flavonoids biosynthesis in the cultures of Saussurea medusa Maxim hairy root].

The effects of different physical and chemical factors on hairy root growth and flavonoids production were studied in suspension culture of Saussurea medusa hairy root in 1/2 MS medium. The results showed that the following culture conditions, nitrogen concentratiaon (involved NH4+ and NO3-), 30 mmol/L; the ratio of ammonium to nitrate, 5:25; the combination of 2% sucrose and 3% glucose; 0.5 mg/L GA3; 0.5 mg/L IBA; initial pH 5.8; light cycle, 18 h/d (3500lx); temperature, 24 degrees C; shaker revolutions per minute, 100 r/min, were favourable to hairy root growth and flavonoids production. Under the above culture conditions, up to 12.8 g/L (DW) of hairy root and 1922 mg/L of flavonoids were obtained after 21 days of culture. The content of total flavonoids in hairy root was 15%, which was about 25 times as that in the wild plantlet.

Culture Media↗
PubMed2004

[Examination of the anthraquinone composition in root-stock and root samples of Rubia tinctorium L. plants of different origins].

The aim of our work was to identify the anthraquinone derivatives in the underground organs (root-stock and root) of the madder root live plant sortiment Rubia tinctorium L, furthermore to isolate populations the anthraquinone compostitions of which are optimal from therapeutical point of view. In the course of the examinations, we studied the anthraquinone composition in root-stock and root samples of plants originating from 11 different habitats. The identification of the anthraquinone derivatives we carried out after the hydrolysis of these samples with HCl solution, by HPLC method and by use of UV-VIS spectrophotometric and mass spectrometric detection. In the samples we identified 6 anthraquinone-aglicones. The main components were alizarin (9.6-21.8 mg/g), purpurin (3.7-12.3 mg/g), and lucidin (1.8-5.7 mg/g). The total anthraquinone-derivative content varied between 15.6 and 39.4 mg/g. After the evaluation of the results it can be stated that from therapeutical point of view the most favourable biggest ratio of total anthraquinone amount/lucidin amount (11.97) and one of the biggest total anthraquinone-derivative contents (38.1 mg/g) are found in the Rubia tinctorium sample marked R02 originating from Aachen (Germany). These results enable us at the same time to find--through the establishment of further collections and through the exploration of the biodiversity of these--basic material with more favourable composition than at present, especially in relation to lucidin derivatives which are risk factors.

Anthraquinones↗
PubMed1990

Root canal retained restorations: 3. Root-face attachments.

It has been common practice for many years to use retained roots to provide support and stability for partial or full dentures. The retention of such overdentures is greatly enhanced if the remaining roots are modified and restored with posts and root-face attachments. The final article in this series on root canal retained restorations classifies and describes some of the root-face attachments currently available, and also describes a number of prefabricated post systems with integral overdenture attachments. Guidelines for clinical and laboratory procedures are given.

Denture Design↗
PubMed1978

Submergence of roots for alveolar bone preservation. II. Reimplanted endodontically treated roots.

Root canal therapy was accomplished on the mandibular premolars of four dogs. These premolars were then extracted, contoured, reimplanted, and submerged. Resorption occurred up to 60 days; healing progressed satisfactorily, with some evidence of coronal osseous regeneration. Root canal sealer was expressed out the coronal orifice after the roots were submerged. This sealer appeared to affect normal healing over the coronal surface of the roots.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed2001

The standardized-taper root canal preparation--Part 3. GT file technique in large root canals with small apical diameters.

AIM: To describe the preparation of Large Root canals with small apical diameters by the GT file technique. SUMMARY: Large Root canals with small apical diameters can usually be prepared with one to three GT files; one to nine clinical steps, and one to five minutes of clinical time. Following proper access, pulp tissue should be removed, and lubricant applied to prevent pulp compaction and blockage. Initial crown-down enlargement is accomplished with up to three standard GT rotary files 0.10, 0.08 and 0.06 taper, running at 300 r.p.m., and with light touch. Care should be taken not to overload instruments, and they should be withdrawn, cleaned and inspected whenever they bind. Sometimes, the shaping objective is achieved with a single instrument; often waves of instrumentation are required before the shaping objective file cuts to length. Prior to cone-fit, the apical resistance form is confirmed with conventional files, employed as feeler gauges of the tapering form created at the canal terminus. Regardless of the shaping time, canals should be soaked with sodium hypochlorite solution for at least 30 min for effective cleaning. KEY LEARNING POINTS: Large Root canals with small apical diameters should be prepared to shaping objectives 0.08 or 0.10 taper. Compacted pulp tissue causes many canal blockages. It should be removed early, and canals should be well lubricated. Large Root canals with small apical diameters should be prepared in crown-down sequence, with recapitulation of steps until the shaping objective is achieved. Apical resistance form should always be confirmed before cone-fit. Canals should be exposed to sodium hypochlorite for at least 30 min for effective cleaning.

Dental Pulp Cavity↗
PubMed2000

pH changes in root dentin after root canal dressing with gutta-percha points containing calcium hydroxide.

Alkalinizing action on root dentin was investigated by treating the enlarged root canals of a total of 120 extracted teeth for 24 h, 3 days, or 7 days with either gutta-percha points (size 40) containing calcium hydroxide or an equivalent quantity of aqueous calcium hydroxide suspension. After splitting the teeth longitudinally the pH of the dentin was determined using a pH microelectrode in small cavities at each of four set measuring points. The gutta-percha points were unable to alkalinize the root dentin over a period of 7 days. Clear, rapid, and prolonged alkalinization of the dentin extending through to the root surface was achieved, however, with the aqueous calcium hydroxide suspension.

Alkalies↗
PubMed2004

Root surface temperature rises in vitro during root canal obturation with thermoplasticized gutta-percha on a carrier or by injection.

The aim of this in vitro study was to measure the temperature rise on the outer root surfaces of teeth during four different root canal obturation techniques. Sixty extracted human maxillary and mandibular premolars with a single canal were used. After root canal cleaning and shaping, the teeth were randomly divided into four groups of 15 teeth each and obturated with Thermafil obturators or Soft-Core obturators using Ultrafil or Trifecta low-temperature thermoplasticized gutta-percha techniques. Temperature changes on the external mesial root surfaces were measured using a thermal imaging camera. Lower temperature rises were found for Ultrafil and Trifecta techniques (2.14 degrees C and 2.03 degrees C, respectively) than for Thermafil and Soft-Core techniques (3.87 degrees C and 3.67 degrees C, respectively). These findings suggest that solid core gutta-percha combined with low-temperature injectable gutta-percha obturation techniques may impose less risk for thermal damage to the surrounding periradicular tissues.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1997

Nondiseased dentinal root surface following citric acid or tetracycline hydrochloride conditioning: a scanning electron microscopic study on the effects of ultrasonic irrigation before and after root conditioning.

The scanning electron microscope was used to evaluate the effects of ultrasonic irrigation before and after root conditioning. Six groups of five specimens each received saline irrigation; ultrasonic irrigation; saline irrigation followed by root conditioning with either citric acid or tetracycline hydrochloride; or ultrasonic irrigation followed by root conditioning with either citric acid or tetracycline hydrochloride. After immersion in citric acid or tetracycline hydrochloride solutions, root dentin was rinsed again with saline or irrigated ultrasonically. Control specimens exhibited an amorphous, irregular surface smear layer. Ultrasonic irrigation, citric acid, and tetracycline hydrochloride were effective in removing the smear layer. Use of ultrasonic irrigation before and after acid application improved the exposure of dentinal fibrils.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed1986

Induction of ELF transmembrane potentials in relation to power-frequency electric field bioeffects in a plant root model system. II. The effect of 60 Hz electric fields on the growth of different regions of the cucurbit root elongation zone.

The region of elongation in Cucumis sativus and Cucurbita maxima roots was marked at increasing distances from the apex to provide an analog of increasing cell size. These roots were exposed/sham-exposed to 60 Hz electric fields and the growth rates of the root segments measured. The growth rate effect magnitude varied with increasing distance from the root tip at constant field strength, and with increasing applied field strength. These results provide strong, qualitative support for the postulate that ELF transmembrane potential induction is involved in the stimulation of ELF electric field effects in the plant root model system.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1991

Changes in cholinergic and opioid receptors in the rat spinal cord, dorsal root and sciatic nerve after ventral and dorsal root lesion.

Changes in the distribution of 3H-quinuclidinylbenzilate (3H-QNB), 3H-acetylcholine (3H-ACh) and 3H-alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BTx) binding sites were studied with the use of quantitative in vitro autoradiography in the L4-L6 segments of rats 7 days after ventral L4-L6-rhizotomies and 24 hours after ligation of the dorsal roots L4-L6. The changes in the binding sites of these ligands and of 3H-etorphine binding sites were also studied in the dorsal roots of the rats operated with dorsal root ligation and in the sciatic nerves (around a ligature) in the rats operated with ventral rhizotomy. After ventral rhizotomy 3H-QNB binding sites in the ipsilateral motor neuron area were decreased by about 25% from 100 +/- 5 to 73 +/- 5 fmol/mg wet weight. After dorsal root ligation 3H-QNB binding sites in the ipsilateral posterior horn were reduced by about 30% from 91 +/- 5 to 64 +/- 7 fmol/mg wet weight. No significant changes in the binding of the other cholinergic ligands in the spinal cords were observed after the operations. In the dorsal root 3H-alpha-Btx and 3H-etorphine binding sites were higher on the distal side of the ligation (3.5 +/- 0.8 and 14 +/- 4 fmol/mg wet weight, respectively) than on the proximal side (0.7 +/- 0.5 and 2.4 +/- 1.2 fmol/mg wet weight, respectively). The same level of 3H-ACh (total, muscarinic and nicotinic) binding was observed on both sides of the ligation. In the sciatic nerve 3H-QNB and total, muscarinic and nicotinic ACh binding sites were higher on the proximal side of the ligation than on the distal side.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Prosthetic valve endocarditis with extensive aortic root abscess: full aortic root reconstruction with stentless bioprosthesis, xenopericardium and mitral valve replacement.

Prosthetic valve endocarditis with an extensive aortic root abscess usually has high mortality and morbidity. A 71-year-old male with an extended aortic root abscess following aortic valve replacement survived after full aortic root reconstruction with glutaraldehyde bovine pericardium, mitral valve replacement and full root replacement using stentless bioprosthesis. The patient is well without recurrence of infection, 18 months postoperatively. This procedure might be an alternative treatment for prosthetic valve endocarditis with an extended aortic root abscess.

Abscess↗