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PubMed1999

[The frequency of atopy in lung cancer patients].

The controversial opinions on adverse correlation between atopy and incidence of lung cancer made us to undertake the research in that field in patients, treated in Department of Lung Diseases of University School of Medicine in Bydgoszcz. In 45 histologically diagnosed lung cancer patients in III and IV stage of the disease the tendency to atopy was assessed. In above mentioned patients the serum level of total IgE, the number of eosinophyls in peripheral blood and skin tests with popular allergens such as: home-dust, feather, grass particles, fungus and mould. It was established, that atopy in 25% of lung cancer patients was observed. That percents similar in persons without cancer burden. These findings suggest, that pathologically increased immunologic reactions, observed in atopic patients do not protect from lung cancer. From the other hand, the results of these examinations suggest also, that depressions of immunologic reactions, connected with lung cancer are selective in their nature.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Warts, swimming pools and atopy: a case control study conducted in a private dermatology practice].

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to study two risk factors of warts, i.e., swimming pool frequentation and atopy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A case-control study was performed in four dermatologists' private offices. The cases were patients consulting for the first time for warts; the controls were patients consulting for the first time for acne. RESULTS: Univariate analysis performed in 153 questionnaires (including 86 cases and 67 controls) showed an association between warts with swimming pool frequentation one year before consulting and between warts and history of atopy. Multivariate analysis showed an association between warts and history of atopy (OR: 4.20; confidence interval at 95 p. 100 = (1.52-11.6). The link between warts and frequentation of swimming pool one year before is not significant (OR: 1.81; confidence interval at 95 p. 100 = (0.78-4.21)) but shows a tendency. DISCUSSION: This last point should be confirmed in further studies. Additionally, this study showed that this kind of clinical research can be carried out in dermatologist private practice.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1999

Genetic markers of atopy in infancy: results from the German Multicenter Allergy Study.

Genetic studies of atopy-associated traits require unambiguous phenotypes to avoid both type 1 and 2 errors. The German Multicenter Allergy Study has provided a birth cohort with longitudinally well defined and stable phenotypes. We summarize data on candidate gene studies on chromosomes 12q, 5q, and 13q using high total IgE and atopic dermatitis (AD) as the most common atopy associated phenotypes in early childhood. We also present data on a functional RANTES promoter polymorphism that we recently identified. A significantly higher frequency of the mutant allele was seen in individuals of African descent compared to Caucasian subjects. In addition, an association of the polymorphism with AD could be demonstrated in the MAS cohort. Although the statistical approaches are limited, the MAS cohort has provided a valuable population for candidate gene studies in atopy.

Chemokine CCL5↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dermographism and atopy in patients with Behçet's disease.

Dermographism is the appearance of whealing and erythema within minutes in a site where skin has been exposed to pressure or mechanical irritation. In our clinical observations, dermographism seems to be frequent in patients with Behçet's disease. Since the prevalence of allergic responses is reportedly increased in vasculitic syndromes, we aimed to assess dermographism and atopy in a group of Behçet's patients. The study group comprised 30 consecutive patients with Behçet's disease. The study was carried out in two parts: elicited dermographism and atopy tests. In the first part, dermographism was investigated in the study group (Behçet's patients) and 230 healthy controls. In the second part, the study group, 30 healthy controls and 17 patients with allergic bronchial asthma were evaluated for specific and nonspecific atopy. Dermographism was found to be increased in patients with Behçet's disease. Peripheral blood eosinophil count, serum total IgE and nasal eosinophil scores were similar in patients with Behçet's disease and healthy controls. Although blood eosinophil count and serum total IgE levels were higher in allergic bronchial asthma patients than in Behçet's patients, the difference was significant only in the former. Skin prick test was positive in three of the patients with Behçet's disease and in six healthy controls. The difference was statistically insignificant (p > 0.05). None of the Behçet's disease patients had pathergy or a pathergy-like reaction at the site of the skin prick test after 48 h. In conclusion, our results confirm the general impression that dermographism is common in patients suffering from Behçet's disease.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Atopy with recurrent wheezy bronchitis in children].

Childhood asthma and wheezy bronchitis are the most frequent chronic diseases of childhood. Unfortunately their clinical symptoms are similar--which makes it difficult to distinguish between the two, and therefore decide on proper treatment of patients. The aim of the study was to establish the parameters leading to right diagnosis. The study was performed in 50 children aged 3-7 years with recurrent wheezy bronchitis. All patients underwent allergological examinations (skin tests with inhaled allergens, personal and family history and serum total and specific IgE levels). 42 of them were tested for ventilatory parameters with bronchodilatation test. Three features of atopy were found in 21 (42%) patients, two features in 7 (14%) patients. In 31 (62%) children at least one feature of atopy was shown. 7 (17%) of the examined children had significant bronchodilatation after salbutamol inhalation. Finally in 24 (48%) of children suffering from wheezy bronchitis, bronchial asthma was diagnosed. The diagnosis was confirmed by antiasthma tic treatment with cromones or inhaled corticosteroids. In great majority (88%) of patients bronchial asthma was atopic. In 23% wheezy bronchitis children not diagnosed with bronchial asthma features of atopy were observed. They are of bronchial asthma risk group.

Asthma↗
PubMed2001

Atopy prevalence and spirometric performance in asymptomatic schoolchildren exposed to air pollution.

The association between respiratory disease and high levels of air pollution is well known. The most common risk factors associated with lung function decrease are air-borne particulates, ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulphur dioxide (SO2). The aim of our study was to evaluate any difference in the prevalence of atopy and any possible early impairment in lung function in two groups of children exposed to different levels of air pollution. We studied 220 children in two cities in northern Italy: Milan (107 children), considered a metropolitan area with a high level of air pollution, and Erba (113 children), a small town, close to Lake Como, considered a rural area with a low level of air pollution. All subjects underwent respiratory function tests and skin-prick tests for the main inhalatory allergens. Parents were requested to fill in a questionnaire about parents' smoking habits and subjective evaluation of local motor traffic intensity. Aerobiological surveys showed a significantly higher grass pollen concentration in Erba than in Milan in the study year and in the three previous years. Schoolchildren in Milan and Erba showed similar pulmonary function results, except for forced expiratory flow at 75% of forced vital capacity (FEF75) values that, while within the range of normality, were significantly lower in Milan than in Erba. A high incidence of atopy was evident in both groups: 45% among the children living in Erba and 35% among those in Milan; skin-prick-test positivity for grass-pollen was statistically more frequent in Erba than in Milan. No evidence of a link between atopy and FEF75 reduction emerged, nor between FEF75 reduction and exposure to passive smoke. The association between FEF75 reduction and chronic high levels of air pollution is appealing, but further confirmation studies are necessary.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed2002

Atopy and helminths.

In this article, the authors review current and latest evidence linking helminth infections and the development of atopy. Although there is intense ongoing investigation and debate on this issue, the review of experimental, clinical and epidemiological data apparently shows that helminth infections can have beneficial aspects in regard to the pathogenesis of atopy and allergic diseases. Despite the fact that simplistic views are not recommended, it seems that polyclonal IgE production and mainly the stimulation of host immunoregulatory networks leading to synthesis of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TGF-beta and others) can provide new insights into how mechanisms that helminths have developed throughout their evolution and that are useful for parasite evasion and persistence, could also be used in humans in order to provide new approaches in atopy prevention.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Pre-employment evaluation of atopy and contact sensitisation in the prevention of allergy-related diseases.

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of markers of atopy and contact sensisation in asymptomatic young adults and to assess their role in pre-employment screening. The study included 351 subjects, of whom166 women (mean age 28.0 + / - 6/4 years) and 185 men (mean age 26.3 + / - 5.4 years). The pre-employment examination commissioned by a pharmaceutical company included a questionnaire, the patch test with the European standard series of contact allergens prick test with common inhalatory allergens, and the serum-specific IgE measurement. According to the medical history 115/166 (69.3%) women and 142/185 (76.8%) men were asymptomatic, but 28 (24.3%) asymptomatic women and 40 (28.2%) showed atopy and/or contact sensitization. Pre-employment allergy examination can be considered a reliable detection procedure for the majority of asymptomatic persons with atopy and contact sensitization. The knowledge of these conditions gives the opportunity for secondary prevention and better diagnostic validation of occupational allergic diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Relationships between the diameters of Bacille Calmette-Guerin scars and asthma, atopy in urban and rural Beijing children].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the diameters of Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) scars between asthmatic (allergic) students and normal students, and to compare the diameters of BCG scars in children in rural Beijing area with those in urban Beijing area, and to compare the prevalence of asthmatic (allergic) symptoms and atopy between rural and urban Beijing students. METHODS: Sampled by cluster-random Method, 819 urban school children and 1 044 rural school children aged 13 - 14 years were recruited for the Beijing arm of the phase III international study of asthma and allergies in childhood. The children answered the core questionnaires, and underwent skin prick test for 13 allergens, and were checked for BCG scars on their arms. RESULTS: (1) In both rural and urban Beijing students, the mean diameters of BCG scars in those with asthma (allergy) (asthma ever, wheeze ever, current wheeze within 12 months, hay fever ever, repeated rash ever, eczema ever, allergic rhinitis, atopy, high-sensitivity or were diagnosed asthma) were (7.0 +/- 2.1) mm-(8.8 +/- 2.8) mm, which were not significantly different from those of (7.2 +/- 2.7) mm-(8.2 +/- 2.2) mm in normal students (P > 0.05). (2) Compared to the urban students, the mean diameter of BCG scars in the rural students was (8.2 +/- 2.3) mm, significantly larger than that of (7.3 +/- 2.9) mm in the urban students (P < 0.01). The prevalence of asthma (allergy) (asthma ever, wheeze ever, current wheeze within 12 months, hay fever ever, repeated rash ever, eczema ever, allergic rhinitis, atopy, high-sensitivity or diagnosed asthma) were 0.6% - 11.4% in the rural Beijing students, significantly lower than that of 3.1% - 35.7% in urban Beijing schoolchildren (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The diameters of BCG scars were not significantly different between asthmatic (allergic) students and normal students. The diameters of BCG scars in the rural students were significantly larger than those in the urban students. The prevalence of asthma and allergy in the rural children were significantly lower than that in the urban students. The results suggest that there is difference in immunity between rural and urban children from early life, which may be caused by the different living environments.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Bronchial mucosal manifestations of atopy: a comparison of markers of inflammation between atopic asthmatics, atopic nonasthmatics and healthy controls.

We studied the role of atopy, as defined by positive skin tests to common inhalant allergens, in allergic bronchial inflammation. Endobronchial biopsies were taken via the fibreoptic bronchoscope in 13 symptomatic atopic asthmatics, 10 atopic nonasthmatics, and 7 normals. The numbers of mast cells, identified in the submucosa by immunohistochemistry using the AA1 monoclonal antibody against tryptase, were no different between the three groups, but electron microscopy showed that mast cell degranulation, although less marked in atopic nonasthmatics, was a feature of atopy in general. The numbers of eosinophils, identified by immunohistochemical staining using the monoclonal anti-eosinophil cationic protein antibody, EG2, were greatest in the asthmatics, low or absent in the normals and intermediate in the atopic nonasthmatics. In both atopic groups eosinophils showed ultrastructural features of degranulation. Measurements of subepithelial basement membrane thickness on electron micrographs showed that the collagen layer was thickest in the asthmatics, intermediate in the atopic nonasthmatics and thinnest in the normals. The results suggest that airways eosinophilia and degranulation of eosinophils and mast cells, as well as increased subepithelial collagen deposition, are a feature of atopy in general and suggest that the degree of change may determine the clinical expression of this immune disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Atopy patch test in the diagnosis of food allergy in children with atopic eczema dermatitis syndrome.

PURPOSE: Food allergy has been demonstrated to play an important role in the pathogenesis of atopic eczema dermatitis syndrome (AEDS), affecting often atopic infants and young children. The most commonly offending foods are cow's milk, hen's egg, wheat and soy; implicating immediate (IgE-mediated) and late-phase (T-cells) immunological reactions in the pathogenesis of skin lesions. The diagnostic work-up of suspected immediate food reactions includes skin prick tests (SPT) and the measurement of food-specific antibodies (sIgE). The methodology of atopy patch test (APT) has been reported as a diagnostic tool with high predictive capacity for late-phase clinical reactions in children with atopic dermatitis. Although APT has been introduced into the diagnostic procedure for food allergy, its diagnostic accuracy remains still controversial; especially in older children. The aim of study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the atopy patch test in the detection of food allergy in correlation with SPT, sIgE and positive oral food challenge to milk, in children suffering from AEDS and to assess the sensitivity and specificity of this method in dependence on the age of investigated children. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 34 children (25 boys, 9 girls) aged 5 months-16 years with suspicion of milk-related AEDS were investigated. These patients were subdivided into 2 age groups: group A--20 children (<3 years), group B--14 children (>3 years). The diagnostic procedures as skin-prick tests and atopy patch test were performed. The specific IgE to cow's milk allergens were also measured. The open and blind diagnostic oral food challenge were performed to verify the results of tests. Sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive value of APT were calculated in both age groups. RESULTS: A positive challenge response to milk was found in 65.0% of investigated children in group A and in 35.7% in group B. No statistical differences in the prevalence of immediate (p<0.1905) and delayed-type (p<0.409) reactions has been found between age groups. Positive APT to milk were noticed in 55.0% of patients in group A and in 35.7% of children from group B, that has been in correlation with positive delayed-type reactions in oral food challenge in 72.7% and 80.0% in corresponding age groups. Polysensitization to other food allergens confirmed by SPT and/or sIgE was detected in 35.0% of patients younger than 3 years of age and in 50.0% of older children. The prevalence of positive APT to other foods (soy, rice, maize, cereals) was significantly higher (p<0.0073) in the polysensitized children from group A. Sensitivity of SPT/sIgE in children with immediate-type reactions to milk was 100%, specificity 94%. Sensitivity of APT to cow's milk in children with late-phase reactions was 80% in both age groups; specificity 70%/89% with comparable PPV in both groups (73%/80%). Parallel skin testing with combined patch test and evaluation of sIgE enhanced the value of sensitivity to 92% in the group A and specificity to 89% in the group B. For PPV corresponding figures were 85%/80%. CONCLUSIONS: APT was found to be more sensitive and specific method than SPT/sIgE in diagnosing delayed food allergy in children with AEDS. No age correlation between positive results of APT and oral food challenge and higher specificity of APT in older children confirm its accuracy in diagnosing delayed cow's milk allergy in all age groups of children. Combined skin prick and patch testing significantly enhances identification of food allergy in children with AEDS. The outcome of the APT with food does not seem to be influenced by age of children, but because of its variability of sensitivity and specificity, a diagnosis of food allergy should be confirmed by oral food challenge.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopy in Antalya, Turkey.

Bronchial asthma is a common chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways that causes serious morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of the disorder has been increasing, especially in developed countries. The population-based asthma prevalence studies provide data from Ankara, Istanbul, Gaziantep, Trabzon, Izmnir, and Kayseri in our country and asthma prevalence ranges between 1.4 and 3%. However, the prevalence of adult asthma in our city was not known. We aimed to determine the prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopy in the adult population of Antalya and compare the data with other countries and other regions of our country. The European Commission Respiratory Health Survey, the first study to assess the geographical variation in asthma and allergic diseases, provided comparable data from 22 countries and 140,000 individuals. Therefore, the European Commission Respiratory Health Survey protocol was preferred in our study. The first stage consisted of 1000 subjects; of these 1000 subjects, 200 subjects were randomly selected for the second stage. The response rates were 99.5 and 55.4% for stages I and II, respectively. The current prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopy in Antalya was 9.4, 27.7, and 31.1%, respectively. The most prevalent type of sensitization was mite allergy detected in 31 (20.9%) subjects. Sensitization to more than one allergen was frequent in subjects with asthma and allergic rhinitis. Bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopy are frequent in our city and when compared with previous studies performed in Turkey, the highest results were in Antalya.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Atopy patch test with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp 1) in atopic dermatitis patients.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp) in atopic dermatitis patients, using atopy patch test (APT) with Dp (extract 1). Twenty patients (males (m) = 9, females (f) = 11, mean age = 46.0 years, range = 19-78 years) with atopic dermatitis were involved in this study. The control group consisted of seventeen healthy subjects (m = 7, f = 10, mean age = 48.3, range = 24-64 years), with no personal or family history and no signs of atopy. Total IgE, specific IgE and a skin prick test were done for all subjects involved in this study. The atopy patch tests were performed with Dp (extract 1) in: 3,000, 10,000, 20,000 and 30,000 biological units per ml (BU/ml) concentrations using glycerol as medium. The total IgE was significantly higher in atopic dermatitis (AD) patients than in a control group with (p < 0.05). After the tests six of twenty patients (30%) had positive APT results in the last two concentrations (20,000 and 30,000 BU/ml). However, all the results were positive after 48 h (and 72 hours), while no positive results were recorded in the control subjects. According to our study, APT with Dp 1 in 20,000 BU/ml and reading time 48 h and 72 hours is to be recommended. The results suggest that APT may detect the trigger factor (Dp) in AD patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

The incidence of atopy in adults with recurrent secretory otitis media: screening with Phadiatop.

OBJECTIVES: This is a preliminary report of a relatively new method, Phadiatop, in screening atopic adult patients with recurrent secretory otitis media (SOM). The sensitivity and specificity, and its use in atopic adult patients with recurrent SOM were evaluated. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eighty-four patients (54 females, 30 males; mean age 36.7; range 19 to 62 years) who were diagnosed as recurrent SOM were included in the study. The patients were evaluated with respect to history, laboratory tests, skin-prick test, and total IgE. Patients with at least one positive skin-prick test result and/or a high total IgE level with a positive history were considered to be in atopic status. RESULTS: According to certain criteria, atopy was detected in 31 of 84 patients. Negative Phadiatop values were found in all non-atopic patients as well as in one atopic patient. Among 31 patients having atopy, 30 patients showed positive Phadiatop values (specificity 1.00, sensitivity 0.97, positive predictive value 1.00, negative predictive value 0.98). CONCLUSION: These results indicate that Phadiatop is an effective test to detect atopy in patients with recurrent SOM.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Prevalence of atopy and atopic diseases in children living in an orphanage in Lodz area--pilot study].

UNLABELLED: Over the past three decades there has been an increase in the prevelance of allergic diseases, specially among children. THE AIM OF THE STUDY: was to estimate the prevalence of atopy and atopic diseases in children who are living in orphanages in Lodz. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 120 children 5-18 years old living in 2 orphanages were studied. Main outcome measures were history, physical examination, FEV1, skin prick-test results with 18 allergens; peripheral blood eosinophil count, level of total and specific IgE in children with positive skin-test results were secondary and point. RESULTS: Bronchial asthma was diagnosed in 5.83% (6 of 120) patients, seasonal allergic rhinitis was diagnosed in 2.5% (3 of 120) patients and atopic dermatitis was diagnosed in 1.67% (2 of 120) patients. The skin prick-tests were positive in 12.5% children. Mean number of respiratory tracts infection in early childhood was significantly lower in atopic children than in non-atopic children--3.3 +/- 2,3 vs 8.7 +/- 2.5 (p<0.001). Mean total serum IgE concentration value reached upper limit in 26.6% of non-atopic patients and in 32.4% non-atopic children peripheral blood eosinophil count was significantly increased suggesting possible presence of active helminth infection, what might protect against atopy. CONCLUSION: In children living in orphanages we observed the lower prevalence of atopy (12.5%) and atopic diseases than in general population (25.4-40.2%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The IgE response and atopy.

The relationship between atopy and immunoglobulin E (IgE) is discussed. The following conclusions/hypotheses are reached: 1. IgE is typical of, but not unique for atopy. 2. IgE is specific for atopy under conditions of marginal antigen presentation. 3. Under normal antigen stimulation conditions, i.e. conditions which lead to the formation of antibodies but not usually to that of IgE antibodies, the IgE-route of B-cell activation/differentiation is blocked, perhaps by interference with the biological activity of CD23 by IgE. 4. Under "strong" antigen stimulation the IgE blockade is circumvented, presumably via the production of excessive amounts of interleukin-4 (IL-4). 5. Cross-reactive priming in the gut might enhance the induction of IgE antibodies to inhalant allergens, according to the principle "IgE breeds IgE".

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A preliminary assessment of the incidence of atopy at a workplace in Cracow].

Skin tests, IgE level and eosinophils percentage were determined in 337 employees of the "Hydrokop" Works in Cracow. These investigations aimed at seeking more specific markers of allergy than anamnesis and skin tests. Allergy was reported by 108 individuals (38%). Some features of atopy were confirmed in 7.5%. Skin tests were positive in 36 individuals and were related to atopy in 55%. IgE levels were 10 IU/ml--greater than 1000 IU/ml with the distribution similar to log-normal. Mean IgE concentration was relatively high (202 IU/ml, in the individuals with confirmed congenital allergy. Percentage of eosinophils exceeded 3% in 39 subjects out of which 17 reported the symptoms of allergy. IgE level and percentage of eosinophils are controversial as the markers of atopy due to the contribution of various non-allergic factors while skin tests correlate well with allergic diseases which were relatively frequent in the examined group.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Is the prevalence of atopy increasing?

There is controversy about whether allergic disease has increased in recent decades. This study compared the prevalence of atopy, as shown by allergy skin prick testing among adults in 1988 (n = 74) with a similar study carried out in 1974 (n = 1359). Both study groups were drawn from the general population in south west London, but the 1988 sample specifically excluded people with rhinitis. The proportion of subjects with at least one positive reaction to a panel of three common allergens increased significantly from 23% in 1974 to 46% in 1988 (P less than 0.01). If allowance was made for the exclusion of rhinitis subjects from the 1988 sample, the current prevalence of atopy may be higher still. The increase in prevalence was significant in older subjects (aged 55-59 years) and women but not in other age groups or in men. This small study raises the possibility that atopy has increased in prevalence in the UK over recent decades and additional studies are needed to evaluate the validity of this hypothesis.

Adult↗