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Results for “Weight Perception”

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At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed2007

Bias in height and weight reported by Swedish adolescents and relations to body dissatisfaction: the COMPASS study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the size of biases in self-reported height, weight in a large sample of adolescents with special attention to possible effects of body dissatisfaction and to assess how such biases may influence estimates of overweight and obesity. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Unselected population from Southwestern parts of Stockholm County, Sweden. SUBJECTS: Two-thousand seven hundred and twenty-six boys and girls, 15 years of age. METHODS: Data were collected by a questionnaire answered by adolescents and a physical examination made by trained study nurses. A validated physical appearance scale and body silhouettes were embedded into the questionnaire. RESULTS: Obese boys under-reported their weight (5.2 kg) (95% confidence intervals (CI) 3.7; 6.6) more than obese girls (3.8 kg) (95% CI 1.8; 5.8). Agreement between self-reported and measured body mass index (BMI)-categories (obese, overweight and non-overweight/obese) as estimated by weighted kappa was 0.77 (95% CI 0.72; 0.82) for girls and 0.74 (95% CI 0.70; 0.79) for boys. For obese girls and boys sensitivity of self-reports were 0.65 (95% CI 0.47; 0.79) and 0.52 (95% CI 0.38; 0.66). Boys with low scores on the physical appearance scale under-reported their weight and BMI more than those with high scores. Boys and girls who wished to be leaner under-reported their weight and BMI more than subjects who were satisfied with their body size (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Thirty-five percent of obese girls and 48% of obese boys would remain undetected from self-reported data. Boys and girls who were dissatisfied with their physical appearance or size under-reported their weight more than satisfied subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Does increased prosthetic weight affect gait speed and patient preference in dysvascular transfemoral amputees?

OBJECTIVES: To determine if increased prosthetic weight affects gait speed in dysvascular transfemoral amputees and to see if there is any patient preference for lighter versus heavier prostheses. DESIGN: Randomized prospective double-blind crossover trial. SETTING: Outpatient, tertiary care, amputee clinic in Ontario, Canada. PARTICIPANTS: A convenience sample of 10 subjects with unilateral transfemoral amputations because of peripheral vascular disease. All subjects were independent community ambulators over 50 years old. INTERVENTION: Seemingly identical weights of 150g (placebo weight), 770g, and 1625g were added to the prosthesis 14cm below the knee joint. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Two-minute walk test (2MWT) and subject preference. RESULTS: The 2MWT results were not significantly influenced by weight added (mean, 53.4+/-28.4m, 55.1+/-28.9m, and 52.8+/-26.7m for 150g, 770g, and 1625g of added weight, respectively). Subject preference revealed that more than half preferred a weighted prosthesis over the "placebo" weight (5 subjects preferred 770g added, 4 subjects preferred 150g added, 1 preferred 1625g added). CONCLUSIONS: Short-term intervention with increased prosthetic mass had no significant adverse affect on gait speed, and more than half of the subjects preferred an added mass condition.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Perceptual responses to exercise: the effect of load-awareness on physiological responses during an isometric bout.

To evaluate the effect of awareness of load on cardiovascular and metabolic responses, thirty males were compared in three different loads during upright deadlift isometric exercise, at 25%, 30% and 35% of maximal voluntary contraction for 3 min. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were found from rest to 25%, 30% and 35% for all physiological variables, heart rate (66.5+/-9.0, 104.0+/-12.0, 115.0+/-9.0, and 123.0+/-11.0 beats x min(-1), respectively), and for lactic acid (2.2+/-0.4, 4.6+/-0.7, 5.7+/-1.1, and 6.3+/-1.5 mM x l(-1), respectively). However, no significant differences were revealed between the various conditions when rate-perceived exertion data were analyzed, despite increased absolute loads. These data indicate that the psychological manipulation introduced in this study did not affect physiological responses during isometric exercise, in contrast to that seen during dynamic exercise.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Manual asymmetry in weight discrimination: hand or spatial-field advantage?

Sixty subjects who were either left-handed or right-handed performed one-handed weight discrimination using their left and right hands in the left and right spatial fields. Differential thresholds, for the left and right hands of both left-handed and right-handed subjects, were found to be lower in the spatial field contralateral to the ear which proved superior in a dichotic listening test. It is concluded that manual asymmetry for weight discrimination results primarily from the mapping of sensorimotor events in the spatial fields onto contralateral cerebral cortex, with an advantage in the spatial field contralateral to the nonlanguage cerebral hemisphere.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Young children's judgments of relative mass of two objects in a head-on-collision event.

The purpose in this study was to investigate the ability of young children to judge the relative mass of two objects depicted on a CRT monitor as colliding head-on with each other, and to determine which feature of a collision event they depend on for their judgments. In the first experiment it was shown that half of the 4-year-olds and most of the 5-year-olds and 6-year-olds consistently judged the slower object to be heavier when the velocities of the two objects before collision were the same and those after collision were different. In the second experiment young children's judgements of relative mass in noncollision events in which two objects only moved in opposite directions at different speeds were examined. Results showed that half of the 5-year-olds and most of the 6-year-olds tended to assume consistently that the slower object was heavier. However, the 4-year-olds did not show any clear tendency. The third experiment was planned to examine young children's judgments of relative mass in different collision events in which only the precollision velocities of two colliding objects were different: half of the 6-year-old children judged the slower object to be heavier, but the rest of them and half of the 5-year-old children consistently gave the opposite responses. These were based upon the delay between the starts of motion of the two objects. The 4-year-olds did not show any tendency, as in experiment 2. The results indicate that young children can specify the kinetic information about relative mass from the kinematics of collision events when viewing an appropriate collision event, and that both the precollision phase and the postcollision phase contribute to the judgement of relative mass.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2004

Manual lifting load limit equation for adult Indian women workers based on physiological criteria.

A comprehensive equation for the evaluation of a maximum load limit for manual load lifting has been developed for the first time for Indian adult female workers, based on a physiological criterion due to the limitation of applicability of the NIOSH (1991) equation. Ten adult female workers, who had been engaged in building construction activities for at least 7 years participated in this study. The cut-off value was selected as the working heart rate corresponding to the 33% level of maximum aerobic power (i.e. V'O2 max.) of this population, which was equivalent to a heart rate of 101.6 beats x min(-1). An equation was developed based on the effects of the following three lifting parameters on working heart rate: vertical height (knee, waist, shoulder and maximum reach height), lifting frequency (1, 4, 7 and 14 lifts x min(-1)), and load weight (5, 10 and 15 kg). The variations of the specific lifting parameter values were selected from field observations. From this equation, the maximum load limit was calculated as 15.4 kg and the workers give this a psychophysical rating as in the moderate to heavy category.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Individual finger forces acting on a grasped object during shaking actions.

Individual finger grip forces acting on a hand-held object were examined during shaking tasks with a five-finger precision grip. The subjects (n = 13) shook a force transducer-equipped grip object (mass = 400 g) in vertical, horizontal, and mediolateral directions at an average movement speed of 33 cm/s (moderate) and 66 cm/s (fast). In addition, grip forces were examined while the subjects (n = 10) held the object in front of the body and walked or ran in place. It was found that the grip forces for all the fingers changed temporally and spatially coupling with the acceleration of the object resulting from shaking. The results suggest that grip force control is accomplished in an active and anticipatory fashion. Regardless of the shaking direction and speed, among the four fingers the absolute grip force in the index finger was largest, followed by the middle, ring, and little finger forces. The index finger therefore plays a primary role in grip force control during shaking. The percent force contribution by each finger varied depending on the direction of shaking. Contributions of the ring and little fingers were larger when shaken in the horizontal and mediolateral directions than they were in the vertical direction. The results suggest that different finger co-ordination is required in relation to shaking direction. Changes in shaking speed from moderate to fast changed the grip forces for all the fingers. During walking and running, grip force control similar to that during active vertical shaking was required to hold the object safely in the hand.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

The effects of weight levels and gloves on the ability to discriminate weight difference.

In this study, six different types of gloves commonly used in industry (surgical, cotton, nylon, leather, rubber, and whizard knife hand gloves) were evaluated at four different weight levels (8.2, 3, 1.5 and 0.25 kg). Six males and six females voluntarily took part in this study. The dependent variable was the difference limen (or difference threshold) (abbreviated as DL(%)) of the discriminating weight difference (DWD). A nested-factorial design with the subject nested under gender was employed. The results indicate that the weight level had a negatively significant effect on the DL(%). The mean difference thresholds were 3.49, 5.39, 6.08, and 9.45 for the weight levels at 8.2, 3, 1.5, and 0.25 kg, respectively. The individual difference becomes obvious when the weight level is relatively light (0.25 kg). However, the effects of gender, glove, gender x weight, and weight x glove were found to be insignificant, and there was no significant correlation between the DL(%) and glove characteristics (thickness and weight). Subsequently, four additional weight levels (0.01, 0.5, 1 and 15 kg) were considered, and a psychophysical equation was derived: DL(%) = 34.33 x W(0.238) (R2 = 0.98), where W represents the weight level. These results support the power function. A minimum weight difference with 90% confidence of correct detection was suggested.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Developmental differences in understanding of balance scales in the United States and Zimbabwe.

This cross-cultural, developmental study of understanding of the physics of a balance scale involved 2 age groups (5- and 22-year-olds) in 2 countries (the United States and Zimbabwe). A factorial design was used. Each participant solved 6 types of balance scale problems, and the patterns of errors for these problem types were analyzed to determine which rules and concepts the participant used (e.g., whether number of weights was considered). As expected, on average, older participants were more accurate than younger participants, although significant age differences in the Zimbabwean sample were not found for problems solved by weight or distance cues. One finding differing from earlier research was that problems in which the beam balanced were more difficult for all participants. Generally, understanding of the physics of a balance scale appeared fairly similar in the 2 countries. Some cultural practices may account for the findings--in particular, the availability of preschool and age at time of academic specialization in higher education.

Adolescent↗