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PubMed1997

[Hello, vacation].

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Community Health Nursing↗
PubMed1997

[Tourism and handicap--progress in integration into general travel and vacation services].

Disabled tourists to a greater extent than hitherto possible, wish to integrate in the tourism mainstream and share in the "civic right to holidaying", notwithstanding the numerous architectural and transportation barriers to their mobility they still have to put up with. This is further aggravated by the fact that information about the choice of appropriate touristic opportunities is not readily accessed by the prospective holidayer. There hence is a need to step-up communicative marketing efforts in the field of tourism for disabled persons, to enable broader dissemination of available holiday opportunities adapted to the specific, individual needs. Representative studies have been able to show that worries are unfounded that the presence of people with disabilities might have adverse effects on mainstream business. Rather, the desire for harmony that prevails during one's holiday, is suggested to entail a greater ease of interaction. A target group-oriented social management approach should therefore be employed to adequately prepare tourism workers for creative handling of this social-integrative task. Both the tourist industry and tourism policy-makers at federal and laender levels have recognized the need for action towards inclusion of disabled tourists. Founded in April 1996, it hence will be a major task of the National Coordinating Unit, Tourism for All to focus the various interests involved, and to contribute to turning holidaying of disabled people into holidaying without handicap.

Architectural Accessibility↗
PubMed1998

"No pictures from summer vacation": portrayals of pathologists in the printed media.

Public perceptions of pathologists can be shaped by individuals' direct contacts with these medical specialists, as well as by portrayals of them in the media. Few lay people, whether healthy or ill, have direct professional interaction with pathologists. Accordingly, media portrayals can assume great importance in shaping public views of pathologists and their profession. This report discusses how pathologists and the specialty of pathology are depicted in newspaper articles.

Forensic Medicine↗
PubMed2005

Myopic progression and dark focus variation in optometric students during the first academic year.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this research was to investigate the change in refractive error (RE) of optometric students during their first academic year and whether these changes relate to changes in their dark focus (DF). METHOD: The RE and DF of 64 students were measured objectively every three months during the first academic year, a total of four times, using a Canon R-1 infrared optometer. Thirty-five of the 64 students had an additional RE and DF measurement three weeks immediately after their Summer vacation. Students completed a survey regarding the near work demands they experienced during the Winter break and the teaching semesters. RESULTS: Over nine months, the average RE of the students changed significantly from -2.22 +/- 1.93 (SD) D to -2.50 +/- 2.05 D (p = 0.0002). The rate of myopic progression averaged -0.37 dioptres per year. Inclusion of measurements taken on 35 students immediately after the Summer vacation showed that their change in RE during the Summer vacation was not significant (p = 0.79). For these subjects, the DF measured immediately after the vacation was significantly lower than the DF measured before the vacation (p = 0.007). The reduction in the DF after the vacations corresponded to a period of relative myopic stability in these subjects. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that optometric students performing extensive near work are at risk of developing myopia. The variation of their DF values indicates the changing demand for near work during different periods of the year. After Winter and Summer vacations, the DF was lower and the myopic progression was suspended. These findings further support the notion that myopic progression is related to high near work demands and suggest that this progression can be slowed by a period of reduced near work, for example, vacation periods.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1997

Sex-related differences in habitat selection in wintering American kestrels, Falco sparverius

The American kestrel, Falco sparveriushas sex-related differences in habitat use during the non-breeding season, with females occupying more open habitats than males. Two competing hypotheses have been proposed to explain this phenomenon: (1) males and females prefer different habitats, and (2) males and females prefer similar habitats, but larger females exclude smaller males from preferred areas. This study experimentally investigated habitat selection in wintering kestrels by temporarily removing kestrels from areas, and then observing the numbers and sex of the kestrels that occupied vacated areas. The home ranges of 20 birds (10 males and 10 females) were mapped and their occupants removed. Areas vacated in early winter (November 1994) were filled more quickly than those vacated in late winter (February 1995). Areas previously held by females were reoccupied more frequently than were those previously occupied by males. Female kestrels reoccupied vacated female areas more than vacated male areas. Male kestrels reoccupied vacated female and male areas equally. The results demonstrate that (1) high-quality kestrel habitat may be limited in the non-breeding season, (2) vacated areas are more likely to be reoccupied in the early winter than in late winter, (3) female kestrels appear at an advantage relative to males in occupying scarce and competed-for areas, and (4) male kestrels will use female areas when female occupants have been removed. It is hypothesized that open habitats are preferred over less open habitats because the former offer reduced risk of predation from bird-eating hawks.

Journal Article↗