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Results for “User-Computer Interface”

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At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

An evaluation of an automated anesthesia record keeping system.

Mayo Clinic makes use of an automated anesthesia record keeping system in its cardiovascular operating rooms. Over 20,000 anesthesia records have been recorded with this system since its installation in 1983. How successful is this system? Does it meet the needs of the anesthesiologist? What are their attitudes towards the computer? A questionnaire survey was conducted to solicit the experiences, opinions, and recommendations of the users of this system. The results are described in this paper. The feedback will be used to determine the tasks and their priority for improving the current system, and to define the requirements for future computerization to meet the needs of the anesthesiologist in the operating room.

Anesthesiology↗
PubMed1990

Development of a computer-aided reference system for differential diagnostics support.

In a situation of uncertain diagnosis, physicians may spend valuable time consulting relevant literature, often with unsatisfactory results. Therefore, our aim was to develop a computer system which supports differential diagnostics via rapid and comprehensive searches through information in literature. Based on entered signs and symptoms our prototype is able to offer probable diagnoses. Subsequently, further examinations and tests are suggested to confirm or exclude a certain disease. Thus, the final diagnosis is made gradually by differentiation of possible diseases. Our first attempt consisted in representing knowledge in a rule-based PROLOG system. However, because nearly all information for a sign-oriented differential diagnosis can be represented with very few relations only, we turned to a fact-oriented representation of signs and diseases. Access was possible via PROLOG or an imperative programming language. The index-sequential access on a fact-oriented representation of knowledge was suitable to manage a large knowledge base, which is necessary for a thorough differential diagnosis. A pointer structure was recently examined in order to handle different object-to-object relations. Efficient information processing is now possible which provides short response times using even broad knowledge bases.

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMed1990

Expert systems for the prediction of ovulation: comparison of an expert system shell (Expertech Xi Plus) with a program written in a traditional language (BASIC).

The use of an expert system shell (EXPERTECH Xi Plus) in the construction of an expert system for the diagnosis of infertility has been evaluated. A module was devised for predicting ovulation from the medical history alone. Two versions of this system were constructed, one using the expert system shell, and the other using QuickBASIC. The two systems have been compared with respect to: (1) ease of construction; (2) ease of knowledge base update; (3) help and explanation facilities; (4) diagnostic accuracy; (5) acceptability to patients and clinicians; (6) user-friendliness and ease of use; (7) use of memory space; and (8) run time. The responses of patients and clinicians were evaluated by questionnaires. The predictions made by the computer systems were compared to the conclusions reached by clinicians and to the "gold standard" of day 21 progesterone. The conclusions of this pilot study are: (1) the construction of this expert system was NOT facilitated by the use of this expert system shell; (2) update of the knowledge base was not facilitated either; (3) the expert system shell offered built-in help and explanation facilities, but as the system increased in complexity these became less useful; (4) after initial adjustment of decision thresholds the diagnostic accuracy of the system equalled that of the clinician; (5) the patient response to computer history-taking was very favorable but much less favorable to computer diagnosis; (6) the clinicians took a positive attitude to computer diagnosis; (7) the systems were easy to use; (8) the expert systems shell required much more memory space and had a much slower response time than the system written in BASIC.

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMedDate not supplied

ClinQuery: searching a large clinical database.

We designed a user-friendly computer program that permits physicians to use clinical and demographic descriptors to search a hospital's clinical database for purposes of patient care, teaching, and research. For example, the user can identify all admissions in which diabetic ketoacidosis was diagnosed, the serum bicarbonate level was under 12 mmol/liter, and the length of stay exceeded 7 days. Once particular admissions have been identified, all data stored in the computerized record can be displayed. Authorized persons can also request the patient's complete medical record for further study. Over a 5-year period, 895 doctors, nurses, medical students, and hospital administrators used Clin-Query to search the clinical database of Boston's Beth Israel Hospital 3724 times. They displayed detailed information on 72,489 patients and requested the complete medical record 5477 times. Responses to a computer-based questionnaire indicated that 16% of the searches were performed for patient care, 38% for clinical research, 16% for teaching and education, 12% for hospital administration, and 18% for general exploration. We conclude that physicians and allied personnel will repeatedly examine and analyze aggregate clinical information when they are provided with the appropriate tools.

Hospital Information Systems↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bibliographic retrieval: a survey of individual users of MEDLINE.

The National Library of Medicine (NLM) has been providing online access to the MEDLINE database for nearly 20 years. In recent years, there has been a shift in the composition of the user population. Nearly half the online access codes are now held by individuals who conduct their own searches of the database. The NLM has conducted a survey to identify the demographic features of this end-user population, their reasons for searching the database, their methods of access, and their satisfaction with MEDLINE as available on the NLM system.

Attitude to Computers↗
PubMed1990

[Expert systems in oncology: concepts, problems, perspectives].

The architecture and fields of application of the expert systems in oncology are described. These systems allow systematization, developing and realizing the approximate knowledge, heuristics and algorithms of the expert-oncologists by the computer systems for solution of optimization problems of diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients. Principles of the functioning of expert systems are considered through the examples of solutions of concrete problems in oncology. Intellectual possibilities of the man-machine interaction under clinical conditions are discussed. The vistas of technological development of expert systems in oncology are evaluated.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1990

CD-ROM MEDLINE use and users: information transfer in the clinical setting.

Effective delivery of biomedical information to health professionals depends on the availability of systems that are compatible with the information-seeking patterns of health professionals. MEDLINE is a major source of biomedical information, but has been available primarily through libraries via telecommunications networks. The recent availability of MEDLINE on CD-ROM has made it possible to provide MEDLINE directly to clinicians without the associated problems of telecommunications and online use charges. The MEDLINE on CD-ROM Evaluation Forum sponsored by the National Library of Medicine reported on clinicians' use of CD-ROM MEDLINE at seven different clinical settings. This article summarizes the findings from these sites and places them in the context of current understanding of information-seeking behaviors of health professionals. Key issues in the design and development of information technologies in the clinical setting are also articulated.

Ambulatory Care Information Systems↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Input technology.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Computer Peripherals↗
PubMed1990

A method for the acquisition of formalized knowledge in pathology.

A tool is introduced for the acquisition of pathology knowledge in a formalized form, directly by the expert. Formalization of the knowledge is intended to make descriptive pathology knowledge more suitable for computerized diagnostic support since a formal representation of knowledge allows more extensive indexing, hence more flexible access. The knowledge acquisition (KA) tool also provides a useful research instrument to investigate to what extent pathology knowledge can be made explicit, to what degree ambiguity is present, in what way experts differ when formalizing knowledge, and whether it is feasible to incrementally acquire decision criteria on the basis of the formalized descriptive knowledge. Crucial in the design of the KA tool is the incorporated meta-knowledge, which is reflected by the knowledge-base structure and is used to elicit knowledge from the expert. Knowledge is acquired from the expert via a menu-driven user interface, which follows the general steps of the pathologist when describing a case. The paper discusses the considerations underlying the design, the implementation of the KA tool, and the research goals.

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMed1990

BRAINDEX: an interactive, knowledge-based system supporting brain death diagnosis.

BRAINDEX (Brain-Death Expert System) is an interactive, knowledge-based expert system offering support to physicians in decision making concerning brain death. The physician is given the possibility of communicating in almost natural language and, therefore, in terms with which he is familiar. This updated version of the system is implemented on an IBM-PC/AT with the expert system shell PC-PLUS and consists of about 430 rules. The determination of brain death is realized with backward chaining and for the optional coma-scaling a forward-chaining mechanism is used.

Brain Death↗
PubMed1990

An evaluation of CD-ROM MEDLINE use in Thailand.

An analysis of requests for CD-ROM MEDLINE* searches from June to December 1987 at the Medical Library, Chulalongkorn University, was performed. Requests were received from eighty-two places, in Bangkok and the provinces; 97.8% were from government organizations. MEDLINE on CD-ROM was available from 1982 to date. Most users requested searches covering the previous five or six years. Users were surveyed regarding the service: just over 87% found the service user-friendly. In addition, users suggested that the library conduct search training programs, and more than half of the users noted that a single work station could not meet the search load.

Information Services↗