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PubMed1988

A comparative study on the contraction induced by high K+/Na+ deficient solution in rat uterus or urinary bladder.

In the present paper, effects of high K+/Na+ deficient solution on the rat uterus were examined on the mechanical response, wet weight of the tissue or rate of oxygen consumption, and they were compared with those in rat urinary bladder. In the uterus, isosmotic substitution of K+ for Na+ in a physiological salt solution (PSS) induced a contraction followed by a small sustained contraction, while hyperosmotic addition of KCl to PSS induced a sustained contraction. The hyperosmotic KCl addition increased the rate of oxygen consumption in comparison with that in PSS, and the substituted high K+/Na+ deficient solution decreased it as compared with that in the hyperosmotic KCl addition. Similar results were shown in the urinary bladder. At 120 min after application of the substituted high K+/Na+ deficient solution, the relative wet weight increased in the uterus, but did not change in the urinary bladder. Both the decrease in the developed tension and the increase in the wet weight of the uterus were prevented by the hyperosmotic addition of sucrose. In the urinary bladder, the decreased tension was significantly prevented by the hyperosmotic addition of NaCl to the PSS or substitution of pyruvate or oxalacetate for glucose, whereas it was slightly prevented by the hyperosmotic addition of sucrose. From these results, it is suggested that the decrease of the developed tension in isosmotically substituted high K+/Na+ deficient solution in rat uterus is probably due to cell swelling and that the inhibition of contraction in urinary bladder is mainly caused by the inhibition of glucose utilization by Na+ deficiency in the medium.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

[Regulation of prostaglandin F2alpha release from the pseudopregnant rabbit uterus in luteolysis].

In previous experiments it was found that PGF2 alpha originating from the uterine endometrium plays a physiologically important role in corpus luteum regression. The present study was undertaken to investigate the regulation of PGF2 alpha release from the uterus in luteolysis. The effect of ovariectomy on PGF2 alpha release was examined. Bilateral ovariectomy was performed on day 14 of pseudopregnancy. PGF2 alpha urinary metabolite excretion was almost constant from day 15 to 22, although a significant increase of PGF2 alpha UM excretion could be seen in the control rabbits. Ovariectomy was performed on day 17. Levels of PGF2 alpha UM excretion increased from day 15 to 17, however, an abrupt decrease occurred after ovariectomy. This indicates that the ovaries are necessary for PGF2 alpha release from the uterus. The effect of steroids on PGF2 alpha release was examined. No significant increase in PGF2 alpha UM excretion could be seen in the ovariectomized pseudopregnant rabbits by the administration of estradiol and/or progesterone, although they are reported to be involved in other species. The effect of the ligation of the vessels between the uterus and ovaries on PGF2 alpha release was investigated. The ligation was performed on day 9. No increase in the production of PGF2 alpha occurred after ligation. Luteal life span was prolonged by 6 days. Endometrial perifusion was carried out to investigate PGF2 alpha production activity on day 18 of the pseudo-pregnant rabbits after the ligation of the vessels between the uterus and ovaries. PGF2 alpha production activity in the treated rabbits was lower than in the controls. These results indicate that a non-steroidal regulator may regulate PGF2 alpha release via the circulation of the uterus and ovaries in the pseudopregnant rabbit.

Animals↗

PubMed1985

Rupture of the uterus in labor. A review of 96 cases.

Ninety-six cases of ruptured uterus in labor treated in the University Teaching Hospitals, Benghazi, Libya between 1977 and 1980 are reported. An incidence of 1 in 585 deliveries remained unchanged during the period of study. Twenty uterine ruptures occurred in a previously scarred uterus. Rupture of the unscarred uterus is a more catastrophic event. There is a marked difference in both fetal and maternal outcome between the group with a previously scarred uterus and the group without a previous scar. The incidence and causes of uterine rupture in Libya differ greatly from those in developed countries. High parity is a frequent cause. Other common etiological factors were cephalopelvic disproportion, fetal malpresentation, oxytocin stimulation of labor and unwise obstetrical interference. The fetal wastage was high, a perinatal mortality of 75% being recorded, but 95% of the mothers were saved. Hysterectomy was commonly performed in this group. Repair of the uterus and sterilization should only be performed when the rupture is simple and transverse in the lower segment and without any sign of infection.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Menstrual disorders in women. Social economic consequences of examining women with menstrual disorders for cancer of the body of the uterus.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the health economic consequences of menstrual disorders in Denmark. DESIGN: Analysis of the total costs of menstrual disorders in women, and a cost effectiveness analysis of menstrual disorders in women. SETTING: The analysis is based on retrospective 1991 data from the Danish National Patient Register, and from 1991 national production figures from the Danish National Health Insurance responsible for the primary health care sector. Furthermore, a survey of the incidence of cancer in Denmark in 1988 has been used. SUBJECTS: In the cost analysis all women who experienced menstrual disorders in 1991 are included, and in the cost effectiveness analysis all women with menstrual disorders who were examined by dilatation and curettage in 1991 were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: In the cost analysis the outcome measure is the total cost of treating and examining women with menstrual disorders in 1991. In the cost effectiveness analysis the outcome measure is the cost of diagnosing one new case of cancer of the body of the uterus in 1991. RESULTS: Menstrual disorders caused a resource use in the health care sector of 150 mill. DKK in 1991, i.e. approximately 0.4% of the total Danish health expenditure, of which at least 33 mill. DKK were spent on the ca. 25,000 dilatations and curettages which were performed in hospitals and the primary sector. Approximately 600 new cases of cancer of the body of the uterus were diagnosed in Denmark in 1991. The cost of finding one woman with cancer of the body of the uterus was on average 54,500 DKK. The cost variation per new case of cancer of the body of the uterus among different age groups was relatively large. The cost was 1.3 mill DKK per new case if the women were less than 40 years because of a low risk of having cancer of the body of the uterus in this age group. The cost per case was 21,500 DKK in women over 50 years. CONCLUSION: This article raised the question whether too many women under 40 years are examined today by dilatation and curettage when the cost effectiveness of examining the woman is considered.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

Transvaginal ultrasonographic findings in the uterus and the endometrium: low prevalence of leiomyoma in a random sample of women age 25-40 years.

BACKGROUND: In articles and textbooks the prevalence of uterine leiomyomas is said to be 20-25% in women over the age of 30. The aim of this study was to investigate the rate of uterine leiomyoma, the thickness and the texture of the endometrium, and the size of the uterus in a random sample of asymptomatic women 25-40 years old. METHODS: A random sample of women 25-40 years old was offered a transvaginal ultrasonographic examination and 335 (72%) accepted the invitation. RESULTS: In 18 women uterine leiomyomas were detected, i.e. 5.4% (95% CI 3.0-7.8%). The prevalence of leiomyomas increased with age, being 3.3% (95% CI 0.7-6.0%) in the 25-32 years age group and 7.8% (95% CI 3.6-12.0%) in the 33-40 age group. The size of the uterus correlated to parity, age and height. In women on combined oral contraceptives the size of the uterus was smaller than in women with natural cycles. The size of the uterus did not correlate to body mass index, cycle day or smoking habits. The endometrium increased in thickness and had in most cases a triple line appearance during the proliferative phase until day 15, whereafter it was unchanged in thickness throughout the secretory phase and hyperechogenic in appearance. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms earlier studies on the endometrium based on selected populations. The size of the uterus increased with parity, age and height, and was smaller in combined oral contraceptive users. The prevalence figures for uterine leiomyomas in textbooks are not confirmed.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Rupture uterus--changing Indian scenario.

A total of 60 cases of rupture uterus managed in last five years in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology at the University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi were reviewed. Of these 77% cases reported to the hospital with rupture uterus while in 23% cases rupture occurred after admission. The factor responsible for rupture in admitted patients was either oxytocin induction/augmentation in scarred uterus or obstetrical manipulation in unscarred uterus; 80% cases were totally unsupervised during antenatal period. Previous uterine scar was responsible for rupture in as high as 63.3% cases. The commonest previous surgery was caesarean section mostly for non-recurrent causes. Obstructed labour was responsible for rupture in 26.6% cases while traumatic rupture was seen in 10% cases. Repair of uterine rent was performed in 54% cases while rest required hysterectomy. Bladder injury was associated in 9 cases and was repaired at the time of laparotomy. Maternal mortality was 3.33% and foetal mortality was 78.66%. The changing trends observed in the present study are those of low maternal mortality and decreasing incidence of obstructed labour in the aetiology of rupture uterus.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

[A case of rupture of myomatous uterus in the course of delivery].

THE AIM OF THE STUDY: A case of rupture of myomatous uterus during term delivery was described. 38-years old women delivered in 41 Hbd of fourth pregnancy. She was after two normal deliveries and one abortion. A 15 cm myoma of uterus was examined during pregnancy. In a course of pregnancy and delivery no abnormalities was detected. The first period of delivery took 2 hours 15 min., the second--30 min. The newborn was fine (Apgar 7, 4180 g, 56 cm). Just after the delivery a huge haemorrhage took place, which lasted in spite of medicines, two abrasions and tampooning of the uterus. The women lost over 2000 ml of the blood and symptoms of haemorrhage shock took place. During laparotomy a cupped uterus with large myoma and complete rupture of the uterus under the myoma was find. A hysterectomy and adnexectomy was performed. 13 days after laparotomy the patient was fine and went home. Histologically a "Ruptura recens parietis colli uteri loco leiomyomata immaturo typi bizzare in utero post partum" was find.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

[Histamine receptors in the female reproductive system. Part II. The role of histamine in the placenta, histamine receptors and the uterus contractility].

The presence of the mast cells was confirmed not only in the uterus but also in the placental tissue. Mediators released from the placental mast cells may play a role in regulation of placental blood flow and normal blood pressure. Processes such uptake and clearance of vasoactive mediators may be upset in those women who developed pre-eclampsia. Histamine released from the placental mast cells may be involved in the mechanisms controlling myometrium contractility during the labour at term and preterm delivery. There is a correlation between the level of placental histamine and presence (or not) uterus contractility. Histamine produce a contractile response in isolated myometrial strips, in the majority of mammals, via H1 histamine receptors activation, but in some species e.g. rat, predominant response of uterus is relaxation (via H2 histamine receptors activation). Predominant response of the human uterus to histamine is contraction. Relaxation of human myometrial strips may be evoked after earlier usage of H1 receptors antagonists, although some H2 receptors agonists (e.g. dimaprit) induce the relaxation of human uterus without H1 receptors antagonists. Myometrium contractile activity is under control of sexual hormones. Neither the presence of H3 histamine receptors on the human myometrial smooth cells nor its role in the female reproductive system regulation was proved. Lack of the functional H3 receptors either on the smooth muscle cells or neuronal components of the animals' myometrium was shown in some studies.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

[Re-cognition to the physiological functions of the prostrate--the "male-uterus" in traditional Chinese medicine].

This article considers that the prostate should be included in "male-uterus", discusses the resemblance between the uterus and the "male-uterus", emphasize that having both the function of strong and catharsis the "male-uterus" should belongs to the Extraordinary Organs. To enrich the theory of "male-uterus", the article also discuss the relations of physiological function of the prostate with Dai channel, Du channel, Ren channel, Liver channel and Kidney channel, the affinities in physiology and pathology with bladder, liver, kidney and other visceras in human being.

Humans↗

PubMed2003

Torsion of a non-gravid leiomyomatous uterus in a patient with myotonic dystrophy complaining of acute urinary retention: anaesthetic management for total abdominal hysterectomy.

Torsion of a pregnant uterus is rare, but torsion of a non-pregnant uterus is extremely rare. Abdominal pain is the major symptom. Other symptoms include vaginal bleeding, urinary tract symptoms and gastro-intestinal manifestations. We present a case of a 37-year-old white nullipara who presented at the emergency room with acute urinary retention. Medical history revealed that the patient carried the disease of myotonic dystrophy, which was diagnosed two years before. Physical examination revealed a tender, distended bladder, which was easily catheterized, draining 900 ml of clear urine. The abdomen was soft with no muscle guarding or rebound tenderness. A palpable large dense mass occupying the cul-de-sac was found during bimanual examination. Abdominal ultrasound examination revealed a large intramural leiomyoma approximately 10 cm in diameter, in the posterior wall of the uterus, which repelled the bladder. In neurological examination the muscular tone and reflexes were reduced in the lower extremities. Myotonic phenomenon was not found. The patient was thought to suffer from myotonic dystrophy and therefore the possibilities for pulmonary and cardiac complications or malignant hyperthermia had to be kept in mind during the anaesthetic management. The patient underwent an exploratory laparotomy and the uterus was found to have undergone a 60 degrees rotation along the corpus and the cervix uteri transition line. Total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was perfomed. The intra- and postoperative course of the patient was uneventful. In conclusion, in this patient the uterine pathology (large leiomyoma) in combination with the disease of myotonic dystrophy seemed to be the predisposing factors for the torsion of the non-pregnant uterus. Also, the anaesthetic implications for total abdominal hysterectomy in myotonic dystrophy are discussed and the international literature is reviewed.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Rupture of gravid uterus: a eight-year clinical analysis and review of the literature.

Nine cases of ruptured gravid uterus occurred at the Chang Gung Memorial Hospital from July 1983 to June 1991. The incidence is 1/3871. Six (66.7%) of the nine cases of uterine rupture involved rupture of intact uteri. The remaining three (33.3%) occurred in uteri scarred by a previous cesarean-section. The common contributing factor to rupture of an intact uterus was injudicious use of a uterine stimulant; whereas the common etiology of rupture of a scarred uterus was a previous scar rupture or dehiscence. In this series, there was no maternal mortality; however, three (33.3%) of the infants died. The fetal death rate was higher with rupture of an intact uterus, 50.0%, as opposed to 0% with rupture of a scarred uterus. Abnormal labor course and clinical features (palpable fetal part or regression of head, profound shock and cessation of uterine contraction) were the important tools for early diagnosis of uterine rupture. Mortality rates for the mother and fetus can be decreased with a high index of suspicion, early diagnosis, and immediate surgical intervention.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

[Bizarre leiomyoma of the uterus--a clinicopathological analysis of 21 cases].

Twenty-one patients with bizarre leiomyoma of uterus treated in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Zhejiang Medical College from 1968 to 1988 are reported. These accounted for 1% of patients with uterine myogenic tumors in the same period. All were multipara. Their age ranged from 25 to 59 years with an average of 41.3 years. Of these 21 cases, 7 had taken oral contraceptives, 3 had had IUD, 8 had undergone tubosterilization and 3 had concurrent pregnancy. Twelve cases were diagnosed as bizarre leiomyoma of uterus by pathology and 9 as leiomyoma with sarcoma-like changes in limited areas or leiomyosarcoma. Among these 21 cases, 9 had limited focal bizarre leiomyoma and 12 pseudosarcomatoid tumor. The bizarre leiomyoma of uterus is of benign nature. Its treatment is similar to that of the common leiomyoma. Its occurrence might be related to the primary leiomyoma of uterus under constant influence of high level sex hormone or being of bizarre cell type at the very beginning. The differentiation between the bizarre leiomyoma of uterus and leiomyosarcoma is discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

[The determination of phosphohexose isomerase in patients with cancer of breast and uterus. A comparison with other tests (author's transl)].

The levels of PHI are evaluated in 94 patients, who are classified by histological, scintigraphycal, radiological, biochemical and clinical test in: 16 patients, who suffer from some premalignant lesions of breast and uterus, 15 patients, who suffer from cancer of breast without metastases, 20 patients who suffer from cancer of breast with metastases, 18 patients who suffer from with cancer of uterus without metastases, 25 patients who suffer from cancer of uterus with metastases. The PHI activity is also evaluated in relation to the activity of other enzymes (LDH, AIP, G-GT). It has been revealed that: a) the PHI activity keeps within limits of normal value in patients who suffer from some pre-malignant lesions; b) all the patients suffer from cancer of breast without metastases show normal levels of PHI; c) in the patients with cancer of breast with metastases: 5 patients show normal levels of PHI, 5 patients show levels of PHI within limits, certainly 10 patients show pathological levels; d) in patients with cancer of uterus without metastases the value of enzymes results pathological in 6 patients, 6 patients show levels of PHI within limits that are above average and 6 patients show normal levels of PHI; e) the value of PHI always results high in patients with cancer of uterus with metastases.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗

PubMed1980

Comparison of beta 1- and beta 2-receptor stimulation in oestrogen or progesterone dominated rat uterus.

Electrical stimulation of rat uterine preparations induced constant and reproducible contractions. The inhibitory effect of some adrenergic substances was tested on oestrogen- or progesterone-primed electrically stimulated rat uteri. The rank order of the relative potencies of some adrenergic agonists was shifted from Iso greater than E greater than Salb greater than Ne greater than H 133/22 greater than Phe greater than Clo in the oestrogen primed uterus to Iso greater than Salb greater than E greater than Ne greater than Phe greater than Clo greater than H 133/22 in progesterone primed uterus. The selective beta 2- agonist salbutamol was relatively more potent in progesterone treated rats than in oestrogen treated, while the beta 1-agonist H 133/22 was more potent in oestrogen dominated uterus. We therefore suggested that beta 2-receptors is dominating in the progesterone primed uterus, while both beta 1 and beta 2-receptors could be found in oestrogen primed uterus. No dissociation between the inhibitory effect on contractility and the cAMP increasing effect of isoprenaline could be demonstrated in rat uteri.

Animals↗

PubMed1980

Rupture of the pregnant uterus.

Ninety-three incidents of uterine rupture are reviewed. There is a distinct difference in both the fetal and maternal outcome between the group with a previously scarred uterus and the group with no previous scarring. Rupture of the unscarred uterus is a more dramatic event. The most common etiologic factors appear to be oxytocin, cephalopelvic disproportion, grand multiparity, and abruptio placentae. Abruptio placentae was diagnosed in almost half the maternal deaths. When the uterine tear is longitudinal, the maternal and fetal prognosis is relatively poor. Fetal mortality is much higher in patients with an unscarred uterus. Hysterectomy was more commonly performed in this group. Rupture of a previously scarred uterus is usually incomplete and the tear is transverse. Maternal and fetal prognosis is much better and repair of the uterus with sterilization is more often feasible in this situation.

Abruptio Placentae↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Rupture of the uterus at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria.

Rupture of the gravid uterus remains one of the most disastrous complications of labour. Eighty cases of uterine rupture managed at Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos over an eight year period were therefore reviewed to evaluate the characteristic of ruptured uterus in Lagos. The incidence of ruptured uterus was 5.01 per 1000 deliveries and unbooked patients accounted for 80%. Spontaneous rupture occurred in 73.8% while traumatic rupture was responsible for 26.3%. Diagnosis was not made in 25% of the cases until surgery. Poor antenatal care, foeto-pelvic disproportion, previous Caesarean section scar, grand-multiparity were major aetiological factors. Repair of the rupture with or without sterilization was carried out in 70% of the cases. Booking status and the type of surgical procedure did not significantly affect the maternal outcome. Ruptured uterus was responsible for 16.9% of the total maternal deaths in the period of review. The commonest cause of death in this series was hypovolaemic shock (64.3%). The overall perinatal mortality was 86.3% but the registered patients fared better. It was concluded that the incidence of ruptured uterus is still very high and probably on the increase in Lagos. Suggestions are made to improve the situation since the identified aetiological factors are largely preventable.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1963

ACTION OF OUABAIN ON THE GUINEA-PIG ISOLATED UTERUS.

Uterine activity in vitro was measured isometrically by integrating tension against time, and contractions were recorded on a kymograph using a servo-recorder. Ouabain caused a persistent contraction both of the spontaneously contracting and of the electrically stimulated uterus, the response depending upon the presence of calcium. After ouabain had induced a contraction of the spontaneously active uterus, relaxation to the baseline after washing out the ouabain was succeeded by a period of inactivity. Since the uterus could respond as usual to stimulation during this period, ouabain appeared to be selectively depressing spontaneous contractions. High concentrations of progesterone suppressed uterine activity and the response to ouabain. Ouabain reduced the susceptibility of the uterus to depression by anoxia.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Uterocalin: a mouse acute phase protein expressed in the uterus around birth.

Mouse SIP24/24p3 is a 24 kDa lipocalin expressed in the liver and secreted into the bloodstream during the acute phase response (APR). In this report we show that SIP24/24p3 mRNA and protein are expressed in the uterus around parturition at levels higher than are found in the liver during the APR. Because of the unique expression of this lipocalin in the uterus, we have named this protein uterocalin. Contrary to its expression pattern during the APR, there is little or no expression of uterocalin in the liver during or after pregnancy. Also, unlike the APR, and despite its high level of expression in the uterus, uterocalin was not detected in the blood or amniotic fluid. Day 19 and postpartum uterine samples were examined by immunocytochemistry. Uterocalin was found in the luminal epithelium at day 19 and in the glandular epithelium in postpartum samples. Although some uterocalin remained in the luminal epithelium, most of the uterocalin was found deposited on its luminal surface. The uterus undergoes extensive tissue remodeling during pregnancy and suffers stress and tissue damage around parturition. Uterocalin could be part of the local inflammatory response associated with parturition.

Acute-Phase Proteins↗