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PubMed1988

Intra-oral retention of fluoride by bovine enamel from amine fluoride toothpaste and 0.4% amine fluoride liquid application.

The purpose of this study was to compare in vivo fluoride accumulation in enamel and in enamel lesions from a single topical fluoride application and daily toothbrushing with a fluoride dentifrice. Amine fluoride preparations were used for both products. Intra-oral appliances with bovine enamel specimens were worn by volunteers during a period of seven weeks. After this period, the specimens were analyzed for fluoride uptake and change in demineralization susceptibility. The results demonstrated that lesions had a high fluoride uptake capacity. Fluoride content values increased by 25-30 micrograms/cm2 during a single topical application, as compared with 10-15 micrograms/cm2 during seven weeks of toothbrushing. About half the fluoride acquired as a result of topical treatment was lost during subsequent exposure to the oral fluids when no further fluoride supplementation was given. The uptake of fluoride by sound enamel was comparatively small, regardless of the use of fluoride dentifrice or application. The presence of mature plaque at the time of fluoride application did not affect the amounts of fluoride delivered. Acid susceptibility tests showed that the enamel solubility exhibited a negative correlation with fluoride content of the specimens.

Amines↗
PubMed1994

Fluoride toothpastes, rinses, and tablets.

Only from the mid-1950's has therapeutic benefit been obtained via dentifrices, initially with stannous fluoride-then monofluorophosphate-containing products which remained stable and efficacious. Altered abrasive systems followed, and both sodium fluoride and monofluorophosphate/sodium fluoride mixtures were introduced as active anti-caries agents, with recent meta-analysis indicating that sodium fluoride > monofluorophosphate/sodium fluoride > monofluorophosphate. With respect to fluoride levels, clear dose-response relationships have been demonstrated. However, at < 1000 ppm F, the situation is less certain. Since the mid-1980's, anticalculus fluoride dentifrices have been marketed, and have been shown to have similar caries-reducing potential as their non-calculus-inhibiting control formulae. Finally, one study has been described where a sodium fluoride dentifrice successfully reduced root caries. Of the many fluoride formulations used for caries-inhibiting mouthrinsing [e.g., acid phosphate fluoride (100-3000 ppm F), sodium fluoride (45-3000 ppm F), stannous fluoride (100-250 ppm F), ammonium fluoride (1000 ppm F), and amine fluoride (250 ppm F)], sodium fluoride would seem to be the preferred agent. Furthermore, rinse frequency is deemed more important than fluoride ion concentration, but caution is urged re the volumes and concentrations to be used by children, no rinsing being recommended below 4 years. Combination of a 440-pp-F sodium fluoride and 0.05% chlorhexidine school-administered rinse appears to have increased the caries-inhibiting benefit as compared with sodium fluoride alone. Fluoride supplements have reduced deciduous caries from 14 to 93%, and in the permanent dentition, from 20 to 81%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Fluorides↗