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Results for “TREMATODE INFECTIONS”

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At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Parasite enzymes and the control of roundworm and fluke infestation in domestic animals.

The potential application of parasite enzymes to the serodiagnosis and control of veterinary helminthiases is reviewed. Consideration is given to the use of secreted enzymes as potential antihelminth vaccine components, in the search for novel anthelmintic agents and as serodiagnostic targets. The discussion focuses on recent advances in the definition of the molecular and functional properties of helminth enzymes and the application of this information to the development of novel anthelmintics as well as vaccines. Enzymes included are acetylcholinesterases, enzymes of polyamine and carbohydrate metabolism, proteases and detoxifying activities such as superoxide dismutases and glutathione S-transferases.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

The role of eosinophils in parasitic helminth infections: insights from genetically modified mice.

Eosinophilia - an increase in the number of eosinophils in the blood or tissues - has historically been recognized as a distinctive feature of helminth infections in mammals. Yet the precise functions of these cells are still poorly understood. Many scientists consider that their primary function is protection against parasites, although there is little unequivocal in vivo evidence to prove this. Eosinophils are also responsible for considerable pathology in mammals because they are inevitably present in large numbers in inflammatory lesions associated with helminth infections or allergic conditions. In this review, Carolyn Behm and Karen Ovington outline some of the cellular and biological properties of eosinophils and evaluate the evidence for their role(s) in parasitic infections.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Lymnaea truncatula, intermediate host of some Plagiorchiidae and Notocotylidae species in León, nw Spain.

To study the distribution of Lymnaea truncatula in the Porma river basin (León, NW Spain) and its helminth fauna, malacological samplings were carried out at 66 points in the basin and the presence of these molluscs was detected in 31. To trace the dynamics of this mollusc population and the prevalence and intensity of its infection by trematodes, malacological samplings were made at fortnightly intervals over two years at five locations, situated in the upper and middle regions of the river Porma basin. To confirm the identity of the larval stages found in the molluscs, second intermediate and/or definitive hosts, depending on the trematode species, were experimentally infected to complete the life cycles. Two different species of Plagiorchiidae and one of Notocotylidae were identified. The infection prevalence of Plagiorchis elegans for the 6291 specimens of L. truncatula examined was 2.8% and infection was observed in snails collected in 7 of the 31 sample localities. This parasite was found in all months of the year, with the highest prevalence observed in July and October. When the corrected frequency values were considered, a slightly positive relationship was observed between the infection prevalence and the latter months. The highest percentages of snails harbouring immature sporocysts were detected in March and June-July, while the highest percentages with sporocysts containing mature cercariae were observed in spring and at the end of summer-autumn, and cercarial shedding in the latter. Of the 6291 L. truncatula examined 0.3% were infected by sporocysts of Opisthioglyphe ranae.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multiple infection of Hydrobia stagnorum (Gmelin) with larval Trematodes.

Analysis of double infections of Hydrobia stagnorum (Gmelin) with larval trematodes leads to the following conclusions: 1.--negative interaction occurs when both species have the same precercarial stage (rediae or sporocysts); 2.--negative interaction is generally absent when these precercarial stages are different (redia + sporocyst); 3.--the few exceptions on 2. could be a result of predation by the redia on the sporocyst; 4.--the negative interactions are most likely the result of competition for the same type of food.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Anthelmintic treatment of young beef cattle in the Wallum region of south-eastern Queensland.

An anthelmintic treatment trial on 125 Brahman-British crossbred 2 to 4 month old calves was undertaken on Wallum country in south eastern Queesland. The calves were divided into 5 experimental groups, grazed together and treated as follows for 17 months: Group 1--Untreated controls; Group 2--Monthly levamisole--niclosamide on 4 occasions; Group 3--Monthly levamisole until 1 month after weaning; Group 4--Levamisole 3 to 6 weeks after saturating rains; Group 5--No levamisole--niclosamide as for Group 2. The mean body weight gains for cattle in Groups 1 to 5 were 95, 124, 105, 121 and 97 kg respectively. Four cattle were lost from each of Groups 1 and 3 and five from Group 5. Most of these losses occurred towards the end of the second summer rainfall season. Faecal egg count maxima were recorded around weaning in untreated groups and during the summer rainfall period of both the first and second summer in all groups. The most prevalent nematode species encountered were H. placei, Cooperia spp and O. ostertagi. It is recommended that in this region cattle under 2 years of age should receive anthelmintic treatment at least in autumn and spring.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Thoracic manifestations of tropical parasitic infections: a pictorial review.

Parasitic infections are distributed worldwide and affect hundreds of millions of individuals-primarily those living in endemic areas or in regions with a high rate of immigration from endemic areas-causing significant morbidity and mortality. A broad spectrum of parasitic infections (eg, amebiasis, malaria, trypanosomiasis, ascariasis, strongyloidiasis, dirofilariasis, cystic echinococcosis, schistosomiasis, paragonimiasis) frequently affect the lungs, mediastinum, and thoracic wall, manifesting with abnormal imaging findings that often make diagnosis challenging. Although most of these infections result in nonspecific abnormalities, familiarity with their imaging features as well as their epidemiologic, clinical, and physiopathologic characteristics may be helpful to the radiologist in formulating an adequate differential diagnosis.

Cestode Infections↗