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At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Mesorectal spread and circumferential margin involvement of rectal cancer studied on large slice].

OBJECTIVE: To provide the mode of cancer distribution in the mesorectum and circumferential resection margin. METHODS: Large slice technique was used in the pathologic study of 62 specimens operated on following the principles of total mesorectal excision (TME). RESULTS: More than 40% of all the observed neoplastic foci were located in the outer layer of the mesorectum in Stage III patients. Further analysis of the foci's localities with respect to the primary tumor's locality showed that ipsolateral neoplastic foci (44.44%) were significantly more than the contralateral neoplastic foci (13.33%) in the mesorectum (P<0.05). Extramural distal spread was found in 8 cases with the maximum extent of 3.5 cm. No significant difference in occurrence of circumferential margin involvement (CMI) was observed among tumors of different location, but tumors of poorer differentiation were noted to have a higher risk of CMI. CONCLUSION: Large slice technique offers a whole image of rectum, mesorectum, together with the position of neoplastic foci. There are outer preponderance and lateral discrepancy of neoplastic foci distribution in the mesorectum. A distal clearance margin of 4 cm would be mandatory. We advocate the adoption of TME as the baisc surgical principles in treating patients with rectal cancer and in avoiding surgery-related circumferential margin involvement.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multimodality approach towards advanced rectal carcinoma. "Its efficacy and safety".

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of multimodality approach towards advanced rectal cancer. METHODOLOGY: In a prospective, randomized trial, two hundred and ten patients with advanced carcinoma of the rectum were studied. Patients were randomly divided in two groups A and B. Patients in group A underwent total mesorectal excision (TME) with adjuvant systemic chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Group B patients underwent TME with adjuvant stop-flow perfusion along with systemic chemotherapy RESULTS: The five-year survival for Group A patients was 72% and for Group B patients the overall five-year survival was 92% and the disease-free survival was 87%. CONCLUSIONS: Multimodality approach to advanced rectal cancer leads to substantial prolongation of survival and optimization of quality of life.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Laparoscopic total mesorectal excision-the Turin experience.

Improved local control and survival rates in the treatment of rectal cancer have been reported after total mesorectal excision (TME). We performed an analysis of TME for rectal cancer by laparoscopic approach during a prospective nonrandomized trial. A prospective consecutive series of 98 laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (LTME) procedures for low and mid-rectal tumors. All patients had a sphincter-saving procedure. Case selection, surgical technique, and clinical and oncological results were reviewed. The distal limit of rectal neoplasm was on average 5.4 cm (range 3-12) from the anal verge. The mean operative time was 192.5 min (range 125-360). The conversion rate was 18.4%. The mean postoperative stay was 11.6 days (range 4-61). The 30-day mortality rate was 1% (1/98) and the overall postoperative morbidity was 18.4% including 10 anastomotic leakages. Concerning long-term oncological results, we evaluated 93 (94.8%) patients with a median follow-up of 46.3 months (range 12-132). During this period, 15.1% (14/93) died of cancer and 7.5% (7/93) are alive with metastatic disease. The port-site metastases rate was 2.1% (2/93). The locoregional pelvic recurrence rate was 2.1% (2/93): 1 stage II at 12 months and 1 stage III at 18 postoperative months, respectively. LTME is a feasible but technically demanding procedure (18.4% conversion rate). Our series confirms the safety of the procedure, while oncological results are at present comparable to the open published series with the limitation of a short follow-up period. Further studies and possibly randomized series will be necessary to evaluate long-term clinical outcome in cancer patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Complications after treatment of colorectal cancer, with special focus on stomas, urological conditions and sexual dysfunction].

In spite of improved surgical principles in colorectal surgery, patients undergoing this operation still suffer from long-term postoperative complications. Many patients have permanent stomas, and up to 60% have problems related to their stomas, the most frequent of these being parastomal hernia. In this context, the use of primary prophylaxis with mesh insertion is encouraging. Before the introduction of total mesorectal excision (TME), there was a very high rate of bladder problems and sexual dysfunction with impotence and retrograde ejaculation. The rate has been reduced dramatically since the introduction of TME, but up to 5% of patients still suffer from permanent bladder dysfunction and complete impotence.

Colorectal Neoplasms↗
PubMed2006

[Changes of sphincter preserving rate in lower rectal cancer and analysis of their related factors].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the factors related to sphincter preserving(SP) operation for lower rectal cancer. METHODS: Clinicopathological data of 316 patients with lower rectal cancer 1-5 cm from the anorectal line who underwent surgical resection from Aug. 1994 to Nov. 2005 were analyzed. The whole period was divided into two period based on the introduction of TME in Jan. 1999. The SP rates, leakage between the two period were compared. RESULTS: The SP rate increased significantly from 44.9 % in period I (Aug. 1994-Dec. 1998) to 76.2 % in period II (Jan. 1999-Nov. 2005)(P=0.000). The factors significantly influencing SP were the distance from the anorectal line, sex, period, circumference of intramural spread, histological differentiation (P< 0.05). Significant differences were detected between the two period in sex, volume of blood transfusion, Dukes' stage (P< 0.05). The rate of leakage were 2.7 % and 1.3 % in the two period (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Over 12 years, the SP rate of rectal cancers 1-5 cm from the anorectal line was significantly increased and volume of blood transfusion reduced obviously due to the introduction of TME. These surgical techniques, however, have no effect on the operating time and leakage rates.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1991

Prompt hydrolysis of adenosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate by Co(III) complexes.

Adenosine 3',5'-cyclic phosphate (cAMP) is efficiently hydrolyzed at pH 7, 50 degrees C by use of [Co-(trien) (H2O)2]3+ and [Co(tme)2-(H2O)2]3+ complexes as catalysts: trien (diethylenetriamine) and tme (1,1,2,2-tetramethylethylenediamine). The acceleration is remarkable (10(8) to 10(9) fold), decreasing half-life of cAMP from 660,000 years to 7-15 hours.

Cobalt↗
PubMed1991

Cooperation of Co(III) complex and cyclodextrin for prompt and regioselective hydrolysis of ribonucleoside 2',3'-cyclic monophosphates at pH 7.

2',3'-Cyclic phosphates of guanosine and adenosine (G greater than p and A greater than p), the simplest intermediates in RNA hydrolysis, are regioselectively and promptly hydrolyzed at pH 7, 30 degrees C by combination of [Co(tme)2(H2O)2]3+ complex and cyclodextrins: tme (1,1,2,2-tetramethylethylenediamine). Both the selectivity and the reaction rate are largely increased by cooperation of these two catalysts.

Cobalt↗
PubMed1980

[A graphical method for the correction of nuclear volume fraction and specific surface area of the cell membrane from random nucleated sections of cells].

An empirical graphical method is described for the correction of the nuclear volume fraction and the specific cell surface area after stereological estimations on nuclear-biased samples of cell profiles. The method is basing on the assumption that from equatioral sections of representative cells of a given population informations can be obtained about the volume relations and surface relations of tme fraction and the specific cell surface area after stereological estimations on nuclear-biased samples of cell profiles. The method is basing on the assumption that from equatioral sections of representative cells of a given population informations can be obtained about the volume relations and surface relations of tme fraction and the specific cell surface area after stereological estimations on nuclear-biased samples of cell profiles. The method is basing on the assumption that from equatioral sections of representative cells of a given population informations can be obtained about the volume relations and surface relations of the (analysed) "cell stumps" containing nuclear profiles and the "cell caps" lacking nuclear profiles (which were excluded from the stereological estimation). Prerequisites for the application of the method are an approximately spherical shape of the basic cell body and the geometrical similarity of eventually occuring size classes of the cells. The graphical method was checked on peritoneal macrophages and lymphocytes as well as on corresponding cell model systems. The results have been compared with mathematical methods derived from sphere-in-sphere geometrical models. The graphical methods gave results generally comparable to those from methematical methods. Provided that the shape and position of the nucleus inside the cell as well as the structure of the cell surface showed considerable differences to the geometrical models underlying the mathematical corrections, the graphical method was superior, and should be favoured in such cases. On ideal sphere-in-sphere models, the mathematical methods derived from those models should be applied.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Turkey meningo-encephalitis: a general review.

Turkey meningo-encephalitis (TME), a neuro-paralytic disease of the adult turkey caused by an Arbovirus, was described in 1960 in Israel, and not yet reported elsewhere. The seasonal outbreaks caused a high morbidity and a mortality up to 80%. A tendency toward spread has been found in the last two years. The TME virus was attenuated sucessfully by adapting it to a new host, the Japanese quail, and a vaccine prepared with this attenuated virus is effective in immunizing turkeys to the disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Scrapie in sheep and transmissible encephalopathy of the mink].

Scrapie in sheep and goat is the prototype of the group of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies which affect man and some animal species, notably other ruminants with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and chronic wasting disease of wild ruminants. Transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME) is a rare disease of ranch-raised mink caused by exposure to a contaminated food ingredient in the ration scrapie, unrecognised BSE-like disease...). There is clinical and pathological similarities between TME and scrapie. These diseases share the following characteristics: a prolonged incubation period; a progressive, debilitating, neurological illness (always fatal); pathological changes confined to the central nervous system (vacuolisation, neurological loss, astrocytosis); the presence of scrapie-associated-fibrils (SAF) in brain tissue; and absence of detectable inflammatory or immune responses. The genetic origin of scrapie in sheep and the natural transmission of these spongiform encephalopathies are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Unconjugated pteridines and neuromeningeal infections].

Concentrations of unconjugated pteridines (neopterin, monapterin, biopterin, pterin) were measured in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 310 patients, using a high performance liquid chromatography (HPCL) method. Our cohort included 209 controls (C), 15 patients with meningism (M), 22 with viral meningitis (VM), 17 with bacterial meningitis (BM), 9 with herpetic meningoencephalitis (HME), 2 with tuberculous meningoencephalitis (TME) and 36 with peripheral systemic infections (PI). These measurements, expressed as nmol/litre, showed a gradation of neopterin concentrations according to the type of infection: 20.1 + 6.5 in group C; 46.9 +/- 29.9 in group PI; 274.3 +/- 231.7 in group VM; 699.2 +/- 711.2 in group BM, 1,101.9 +/- 1,107.9 in group HME and 1,169 +/- 1,171.9 in group TME. There was no such gradation with biopterin. Comparisons of means showed that total concentrations in the pathology groups were very different from those observed in controls and in the neuromeningeal infections of the PI group. There was no correlation between the number of lymphocytes and the concentrations of neopterin or biopterin in the CSF. It is concluded that the concentration of neopterin in the CSF is a sensitive but little specific marker of infection, independent of CSF cellular reaction. Measuring this concentration makes it possible: 1) to evaluate the status of immune defences; 2) to predict that a meningitis will become chronic, and 3) to detect a possible parenchymal participation in a meningeal infection.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1997

[Mucoepidermoid tracheobronchial tumors. Apropos of a series of 11 cases].

Mucoepidermoid tumours (TME) are rare tumours which develop at the level of the submucous bronchial glands of the tracheobronchial tree. The majority of these tumours develop in a benign fashion but some of them are malign. Amongst these many are probably confused with adenosquamous bronchial cancers. We have reviewed eleven patients suffering from TME who were observed over a period of twelve years. Two of these tumours were at the level of the trachea: nine others were at the level of the bronchial cartilaginous trachea. Seven of these tumours had the macroscopic and histological criteria of low grade malignancy and four corresponded to those tumours said to show high grade malignancy. The only death concerned a patient with a tracheal tumor of high grade malignancy but the death occurred immediately after laser therapy to relieve obstruction in a patient with acute asphyxia. None of the other patients died of tumour progression and the longest follow up (eleven years of survival) involved a patient with a bronchial form and a high grade malignancy with glandular invasion. Even mucoepidermoid tumours of high grade malignancy have a good prognosis and it is a cardinal point to clearly distinguish these forms from adenosquamous cancers. Nevertheless it has been suggested that adenosquamous and mucoepidermoid carcinomas could have a common origin and be the extremes of the same overall disorder just as the image we have of neuroendocrine tumours whose spectrum extends from carcinoid tumours to small cell cancers.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Surgery of rectal carcinoma: 1997 status assessment].

The rectum and mesorectum are enclosed in a fascial sheath, the fascia propria, and represent an anatomical entity of abdominal origin. This package is a well-known anatomical and oncological base for radical rectal cancer excision. It is at present under discussion again under new aspects: The surgical and oncological quality of rectal cancer excision is largely surgeon-dependent. Modern rectal surgery is refined, with sharp, very precise dissection respecting the relevant fascial planes, identifying and protecting the autonomous pelvic nerves and achieving radical locoregional tumor clearance, thus virtually eliminating the serious problem of pelvic recurrence. In this overview the concept of total mesorectal excision (TME) is explained and open questions are discussed. It remains to be determined whether a refined and anatomically precise operative technique or the oncologic concept of TME are of primary importance, and also whether patient selection influences the results to some degree.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed2024

Developing a machine learning-based prognosis and immunotherapeutic response signature in colorectal cancer: insights from ferroptosis, fatty acid dynamics, and the tumor microenvironment.

INSTRUCTION: Colorectal cancer (CRC) poses a challenge to public health and is characterized by a high incidence rate. This study explored the relationship between ferroptosis and fatty acid metabolism in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of patients with CRC to identify how these interactions impact the prognosis and effectiveness of immunotherapy, focusing on patient outcomes and the potential for predicting treatment response. METHODS: Using datasets from multiple cohorts, including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), we conducted an in-depth multi-omics study to uncover the relationship between ferroptosis regulators and fatty acid metabolism in CRC. Through unsupervised clustering, we discovered unique patterns that link ferroptosis and fatty acid metabolism, and further investigated them in the context of immune cell infiltration and pathway analysis. We developed the FeFAMscore, a prognostic model created using a combination of machine learning algorithms, and assessed its predictive power for patient outcomes and responsiveness to treatment. The FeFAMscore signature expression level was confirmed using RT-PCR, and ACAA2 progression in cancer was further verified. RESULTS: This study revealed significant correlations between ferroptosis regulators and fatty acid metabolism-related genes with respect to tumor progression. Three distinct patient clusters with varied prognoses and immune cell infiltration were identified. The FeFAMscore demonstrated superior prognostic accuracy over existing models, with a C-index of 0.689 in the training cohort and values ranging from 0.648 to 0.720 in four independent validation cohorts. It also responses to immunotherapy and chemotherapy, indicating a sensitive response of special therapies (e.g., anti-PD-1, anti-CTLA4, osimertinib) in high FeFAMscore patients. CONCLUSION: Ferroptosis regulators and fatty acid metabolism-related genes not only enhance immune activation, but also contribute to immune escape. Thus, the FeFAMscore, a novel prognostic tool, is promising for predicting both the prognosis and efficacy of immunotherapeutic strategies in patients with CRC.

Ferroptosis↗
PubMed1998

Chemoradiation for rectal cancer: current methods.

The options available for the surgeon treating patients with rectal cancer have multiplied over the last decade, allowing varied approaches to the disease for individual patients. The development of effective adjuvant therapy in the form of radiotherapy and chemotherapy has led to exciting results-and yet more questions to be answered. The decision to employ adjuvant therapy has led to the development of better staging modalities to improve patient selection for the various treatment protocols. The basic issue of timing of therapy-preoperative vs. postoperative-remains hotly contested, and good, prospective, randomized trials are needed before the questions can be answered. The utility of preoperative multimodality therapy in the downstaging of tumors to make curative resection or sphincter preservation possible must be examined. Advances in surgical therapy have been significant, and groups have reported excellent results with total mesorectal excision (TME) in patients without the addition of adjuvant therapy. Other important surgical issues include ultralow anterior resections with colo-anal or J-pouch anal anastomosis, and the efficacy of sphincter preservation through local excision of invasive rectal cancers with or without adjuvant therapy. Each of these issues needs further study and will have great impact on the treatment of rectal cancer as further experience is gained.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed2001

The reaction of permanganyl chloride with olefins: intermediates and mechanism as derived from matrix-isolation studies and density functional theory calculations.

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations predict that the [2+3] addition of tetramethylethylene (TME) to the MnO2 moiety of MnO3Cl is thermodynamically favoured over [2+1] addition (epoxidation), while the kinetic barriers for both reactions are of comparable height. However, in an experimental investigation of the TME/MnO3Cl system by means of matrix-isolation techniques, selective formation of the epoxidation product [ClO2Mn[O[C(CH3)2]2]] (1) was observed. Compound 1 was characterised by IR spectroscopy with the aid of isotopic-enrich-ment experiments in combination with DFT frequency calculations. This result, at first sight surprising, is supported by studies in solution, and, even with the numerically equal energy barriers suggested by the calculations, it can be rationalised in terms of the much broader reaction channel leading to epoxidation as opposed to the much more narrow approach path for formation of the glycolate.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1980

Accumulation of CPC-precipitable material at apical cell surfaces during formation of the optic cup.

Accumulation of extracellular material at the apical surfaces of cells in the optic vesicle was studied by precipitation with cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) and scanning electron microscopy. Treatment at low salt concentration to preserve all precipitable material indicated an initial appearance of surface material at the tme that the retinal primordium first formed. The amount of precipitate increased as the optic cup formed, particularly at the margins of the cup. Stability of the precipitate during subsequent washing at higher salt concentrations suggested that the apical cell surface material contained highly acidic glycosaminoglycans. The greatest resistance to extraction occurred during the period in which invagination was most pronounced.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Effect of Tertiary Lymphoid Structures on Immune Cell Infiltration in the Tumor Microenvironment and Prognosis in Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) modulate immune responses in various solid tumors, but their comprehensive role in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed RNA-seq data from 539 LUAD patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and microarray data from 223 samples from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO, GSE13213, and GSE37745). TLS signatures were evaluated via unsupervised consensus clustering based on 12 chemokine transcriptome signatures. The relationships between TLS and clinical characteristics, tumor microenvironment (TME) cell infiltration, and prognosis were assessed using ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT. A prognostic model was established using LASSO regression and validated with external datasets. Additionally, H&E and IHC analyses were performed to explore associations between intratumoral TLS density, immune-related molecular expression, and patient prognosis in LUAD. Consensus clustering of the TCGA cohort revealed two distinct LUAD patient clusters according to TLS abundance. Cluster 1 exhibited greater immune cell infiltration, more favorable prognosis, and increased expression of immune checkpoint molecules. We developed a prognostic model comprising eight survival-associated genes that act as independent prognostic factors for patient survival. H&E/IHC analyses revealed that TLS density-regardless of pathological stage-was associated with better prognosis; higher intratumoral TLS density/proportion was also related to more favorable outcomes. IHC confirmed that survival-associated genes (CD5, HLA-DMB, and P2RY13) are independent prognostic indicators in LUAD. Our study demonstrated the close relationship between TLS signatures and an active immune microenvironment, highlighting their potential as independent prognostic indicators in LUAD.

Humans↗