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At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Onycholysis and thyroid disease: report of three cases.

BACKGROUND: Onycholysis is a common disorder with many causes. It is known to be associated with thyroid disease (especially hyperthyroidism), but physicians probably do not routinely screen for underlying thyroid disease. OBJECTIVE: To study the association of onycholysis and thyroid disease. METHODS: We report three patients with onycholysis who were investigated for thyroid disease. RESULTS: In two patients, onycholysis was the presenting sign of previously undiagnosed hypothyroidism, whereas the third developed onycholysis while undergoing therapy for hypothyroidism. CONCLUSIONS: These three cases appear to suggest that patients with unexplained onycholysis should be screened for asymptomatic thyroid disease.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Preoperative evaluation of parathyroid lesions in patients with concomitant thyroid disease: role of high resolution ultrasonography and dual phase technetium 99m sestamibi scintigraphy.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and usefulness of high resolution ultrasonography (US) and dual phase technetium-99m sestamibi (Tc-MIBI) scintigraphy in the preoperative localization of parathyroid lesions in patients with or without thyroid disease and to define the impact of the presence of thyroid disease on these methods. Preoperative US and scintigraphy were performed on 52 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Age, gender, preoperative parathyroid hormone level, serum calcium level, serum phosphate level, diameter, location, associated with thyroid abnormality, and results of parathyroid exploration were determined in all patients. The results of US and Tc-MIBI imaging were analyzed and compared with surgical and histopathologic findings. At surgery, 56 parathyroid lesions were found in 52 patients (9 men, 43 women), the parathyroid lesion was solitary (47 adenomas, two hyperplasias), in 2 patients double adenomas were present, in 1 patient three glands was affected by hyperplasia. Twenty-seven patients had concomitant thyroid disease. The overall sensitivity of US and Tc-MIBI scintigraphy was 84% and 73%, respectively. In patients without thyroid disease, the sensitivity of these techniques was 90% and 75%, respectively. In patients with thyroid disease, the sensitivity was 78% and 70%, respectively. In patients with thyroid disease, the combined sensitivity of these techniques was 89%. These results allow the conclusion that, in experienced hands, US is a highly sensitive technique. Especially in patients with no thyroid pathology and typical located gland, US alone should be used as a first step for preoperative localization of parathyroid lesions. When negative, Tc-MIBI scintigraphy is suggested. In patients with concomitant thyroid disease, the combination of US and Tc-MIBI scintigraphy represents a reliable localization technique.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1996

[Morphology and clinical aspects of immune thyroid diseases].

The aetiopathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease is still a matter for discussion. Morphologically, these illnesses are associated with a broad spectrum of overlapping changes. Thus, pathology cannot serve as the logical basis for a new classification. Therefore this overview makes use of the conventional nomenclature of clinically established entities and includes recently defined lesions. Besides histological characteristics, details of differential diagnostic value are presented in the context of clinical and laboratory data relevant for pathological classification.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed2006

[Radioiodine treatment of benign thyroid diseases].

Radioiodine treatment of benign thyroid disease has a 60 year history. Among the radioactive isotopes (131)-I can be used successfully. This method has been spread at different rate over the world. Radioiodine is used in Hungary since 1959, however, incidence of this type of therapy does not reach an optimal proportion. The aim of therapy is to decrease the function and/or the volume of thyroid gland. This study considers the reasons of radioiodine treatment in Graves' disease and in different forms of autonomously functioning nodular thyroid disorders, moreover, in cases of compressive euthyroid multinodular goiter when the thyroid volume is to be diminished. There are controversies in terms of indications of radioiodine treatment, however, contraindications are generally well accepted. Sometimes radioiodine therapy could exert an unfavourable effect on ophthalmopathy but this can be prevented with steroids. In cases of suitable administration of thyrostatic treatment before (131)-I therapy the outcome of which does not change significantly though propylthiouracil has really some radioprotection effect. Excellent cure rate can be reached in Graves' disease with radioiodine but hypothyroidism after the treatment may be frequent. In cases of autonomously functioning nodular thyroid disorders (i.e., toxic uninodular or multinodular goiter) cure rate is as high as in Graves' disease but the incidence of thyroid hypofunction is much lower. Thyrotoxic crisis after the treatment is extremely rare. In some cases thyroiditis can be observed after (131)-I therapy but this condition can be easily managed. Thyroid radioiodine uptake and the effectiveness of (131)-I can be increased with the administration of recombinant human thyrotropin in cases of euthyroid multinodular goiter. Recently radioiodine is recommended to young patients having Graves' disease (over 15 years) in special cases. The risk of malignancy after isotope therapy is not significant. Radioiodine treatment of benign thyroid disorders is a simple, safe and cost-effective method, the propagation of which can be suggested.

Contraindications↗
PubMed1987

Total thyroidectomy in the treatment of thyroid disease.

In a review of thyroid surgery during the past 12 years, total thyroidectomy was performed in 20% of the cases. Forty percent were done for malignant disease and 60% for benign disease. Our indications for using this operation in benign thyroid disease include bilateral nodular goiter, Graves' disease, chronic thyroiditis, and cases in which the rapid frozen diagnosis is equivocal for carcinoma. We feel that the risks of reoperation for recurrent thyroid disease are greater than the risks of a total thyroidectomy as the initial surgical procedure. With the increased use of total thyroidectomy the incidence of permanent hypoparathyroidism can be decreased. We reviewed our preoperative work-up, indications for total thyroidectomy, surgical technique, diagnostic accuracy of needle biopsy, accuracy of rapid frozen section reports, and postoperative complications.

Goiter, Nodular↗
PubMed1999

Clinical value of a bispecific antibody binding to thyroglobulin and thyroperoxidase (TGPO-aAb) in various thyroid diseases.

TGPO-aAb is a bispecific antibody which binds to thyroglobulin as well as thyroid peroxidase. It is supposed to be raised in some patients with autoimmune thyroid disease. We investigated 205 patients suffering from Graves' disease (n = 81), Hashimoto's thyroiditis (n = 36), toxic nodular goitre (n = 50), differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid (n = 10), and autoimmune thyropathy of unknown origin (n = 28). An immunoradiometric assay was used to measure serum TGPO-aAb. Eighty-nine of 205 patients had elevated titres of TGPO-aAb. If TGPO-aAb were raised then autoantibodies against thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase were always raised, too. This was, however, not true vice versa. We found TGPO-aAb in 61% of patients with Hashimoto's, 49% of patients with Graves', 64% of patients with autoimmune thyropathy, but only in 12% of patients with toxic nodular goitre. In patients with thyroid carcinoma TGPO-aAb was found only if there was evidence of paraneoplastic autoimmune thyroiditis. We re-examined 16 of 36 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis after 1 year: 8 patients had retained their raised TGPO-aAb, 4 patients showed no TGPO-aAb on both occasions, and 4 patients had 'lost' their previously raised TGPO-aAb on follow-up. We conclude that TGPO-aAb may provide additional information in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Determination of TGPO-aAb does not allow to distinguish between various forms of autoimmune thyroid disease. Nevertheless, the presence of TGPO-aAb and its variation during the natural course of autoimmune thyroid disease remains to be understood which would give a better insight into its clinical significance.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Autotransplantation of at least one parathyroid gland during thyroidectomy in benign thyroid disease minimizes the risk of permanent hypoparathyroidism].

OBJECTIVE: Permanent hypoparathyroidism is a distressing complication of thyroid surgery. The reported incidence varies between 0.4 and 13.8 % and is directly correlated to the extent of thyroidectomy. The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze whether simultaneous autotransplantation of at least one parathyroid gland during total thyroidectomy for benign thyroid disease could reduce the risk of permanent hypoparathyroidism. METHODS: Since 01/1999 all thyroid operations are prospectively recorded. Beside daily postoperative measurement of serum calcium level, iPTH is routinely determined on the third post op day. Patients with complications are followed closely. Postoperative hypoparathyroidism persisting for more than 6 months is defined permanent. RESULTS: Between 01/1999 and 02/2001 146 total thyroidectomies for benign thyroid disease have been performed (81 pat. with Graves disease, 62 with nodular goiter, 3 with thyroiditis de Quervain/Hashimoto). In 37 pat. (25 %) at least one parathyroid gland was simultaneously autotransplanted into the ipsilateral sternocleidomastoid muscle. Group I (no parathyroid autotransplantation, n = 109) and group II (parathyroid autotransplantation, n = 37) were comparable concerning patient age, thyroid disease and lowest post op calcium level (2.07 versus 2.05 mmol/l). The incidence of postoperative symptomatic hypocalcemia (14.7 % versus 21.6 %) and temporary hypoparathyroidism (15.6 % versus 18.9 %) was higher in group II patients (n. s.). Conversely, permanent hypoparathyroidism occurred exclusively in group I patients (2.75 %), patients with parathyroid autotransplantation (group II) did not develop this complication. CONCLUSIONS: Simultaneous autotransplantation of at least one parathyroid gland during total thyroidectomy for benign thyroid disease seems to minimize the risk of permanent hypoparathyroidism. The potential of routine autotransplantation in this setting has to be evaluated. The incidence of postoperative temporary hypocalcemia may be elevated with this policy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Thyroid volume in type 1 diabetes patients without overt thyroid disease.

An association between insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type 1) and thyroid diseases has long been reported, but the morphological evaluation of the thyroid in type 1 diabetes patients without overt thyroid disease has always been limited to physical examination. Ultrasonography of the thyroid gland was performed in 45 patients with type 1 diabetes without overt thyroid disease, to study thyroid volume and the prevalence of thyroid nodules. Data were compared with those obtained in 45 age- and sex-matched control subjects residing in the same area. In the patients, thyroid volume had increased on average by 46%; 35% of male and 32% of female patients had a thyroid volume exceeding the 95% confidence limits of the matched controls. The prevalence of thyroid nodules was only slightly raised. On average, free thyroxine was increased in the presence of normal triiodothyronine levels. Four patients were frankly hyperthyroid. The patients also showed a higher prevalence of thyroid-microsomal antibodies, but the thyroid hormone status was not different in relation to thyroid volume, nor was thyroid volume in relation to the presence of autoantibodies. Patients with type 1 diabetes without overt thyroid disorders may have morphological, ultrasonographically detectable alterations of the thyroid gland, the expression of a possible involvement of the thyroid in an autoimmune disorder not limited to the islet cells.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Low frequency of autoantibodies to the human Na(+)/I(-) symporter in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease.

Several studies suggest that the sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) may represent a major autoantigen in autoimmune diseases of the thyroid. The aim of the present paper was to investigate the importance of autoantibodies to human NIS (hNIS-Ab) in patients suffering from Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and Graves' disease (GD). Full-length human NIS (hNIS) was cloned from thyroid tissue, expressed by in vitro transcription and translation in the presence of [(35)S]methionine, and used to analyze autoantibodies in a direct binding assay. The structurally similar glucose transporter, GLUT-2, was produced in the same system as control protein. Autoradiography revealed that full-length hNIS was expressed, recognized by a NIS monoclonal antibody, and strongly bound by some sera from patients with autoimmune thyroid disease, which did not react with the GLUT-2 control protein. Using the 95.2th percentile of healthy controls as threshold for positivity, 19 of 177 (10.7%) patients with GD and 15 of 72 (20.8%) patients with HT had hNIS-Ab, respectively. Applying more stringent cut-off criteria (99.4th percentile of normal controls), hNIS-Ab were found in only 5.6% of patients with GD and 6. 9% of patients with HT. In HT significantly higher hNIS-Ab levels were observed compared with GD and normal controls (P: < 0.001). There was no correlation between hNIS-Ab and TSH receptor antibodies and only a weak correlation to thyroid peroxidase antibodies (P: < 0. 05). Comparison of hNIS-Ab, thyroid peroxidase, and TSH receptor antibodies in individual sera revealed that the additional detection of hNIS-Ab did not increase the diagnostic power for GD or HT. Our data indicate that hNIS is not a major antigen in autoimmune thyroid disease, as it is the target of humoral autoimmunity in only a few patients with GD and HT. The frequency of hNIS-Ab may be lower than that reported in previous studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Morbidity after total thyroidectomy for benign thyroid disease: comparison of Graves' disease and non-Graves' disease.

The purpose of this study was to review the safety of total thyroidectomies for benign thyroid disease, with special emphasis on the comparison between Graves' disease and non-Graves' disease. In this study, 107 patients who underwent total thyroidectomies for clinically benign thyroid disease performed by the same surgeon between January 1987 and December 2004 were enrolled; 48 had Graves' disease and 59 had non-Graves' disease. The rates of temporary vs. permanent hypoparathyroidism, hematoma requiring surgical intervention, and temporary vs. permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy (RLNP) after total thyroidectomy for benign thyroid disease were 34.6% vs. 3.7%, 6.5%, and 6.5% vs. 1.85%, respectively. The rates of permanent hypoparathyroidism and temporary RLNP in the Graves' disease group were significantly different when compared with the non-Graves' disease group (8.3% vs. 0% and 11.5% vs. 2.5%, respectively). However, comparing the rates of temporary hypoparathyroidism, permanent RLNP, and postoperative hematoma, there was no statistically significant difference. Compared with total lobectomy, the rates of postoperative hematoma increased significantly for total thyroidectomy (6.5% vs. 0.48%). Total thyroidectomy for non-Graves' benign thyroid disease may be performed with minimal morbidity as has been advocated by many authors. For patients with Graves' disease in this study, however, the complication rates of permanent hypoparathyroidism and temporary RLNP were significantly increased. Therefore, we suggest that total thyroidectomy for Graves' disease should be performed by an experienced surgeon.

Graves Disease↗
PubMed1993

Measurement of anti-thyroglobulin IgG in urine of patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases by sensitive enzyme immunoassay (immune complex transfer enzyme immunoassay).

Anti-thyroglobulin IgG in urine of patients with Graves' disease and chronic thyroiditis and healthy subjects was measured by a sensitive enzyme immunoassay (immune complex transfer enzyme immunoassay). Anti-thyroglobulin IgG in dialyzed urine was reacted simultaneously with 2,4-dinitrophenylated thyroglobulin and thyroglobulin-beta-D-galactosidase conjugate. The immune complex formed consisting of the three components was trapped onto polystyrene balls coated with (anti-2,4-dinitrophenyl group) IgG, eluted with epsilon N-2,4-dinitrophenyl-L-lysine, and transferred onto polystyrene balls coated with (anti-human IgG gamma-chain) IgG. beta-D-Galactosidase activity bound to the last polystyrene balls was assayed by fluorometry. Anti-thyroglobulin IgG was detected in most of the patients, but not in most of the healthy subjects; levels of anti-thyroglobulin IgG in urine of the patients were well correlated to those in serum of the same patients. The measurement of anti-thyroglobulin IgG in urine by the immune complex transfer enzyme immunoassay was suggested to be useful as a diagnostic aid for autoimmune thyroid diseases. The conventional standard ELISA was not sufficiently sensitive for measuring anti-thyroglobulin IgG in urine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Molecular detection of thyroglobulin mRNA transcripts in peripheral blood of patients with thyroid disease by RT-PCR.

The sensitive detection of circulating tumour cells in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer may precede the detection of relapse by other diagnostic studies--such as serum thyroglobulin-and thus may have important therapeutic and prognostic implications. We performed reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on blood samples from patients diagnosed with thyroid disease using two different RT-PCR sensitivities. Additionally, tissue specificity of TG mRNA-expression was determined using RNA extracts from 27 different human tissues. The lower limit of detection was 50-100 TG mRNA producing cells/ml blood using a 'normal' RT-PCR sensitivity and 10-20 cells/ml blood using a 'high' sensitivity. With the normal sensitivity TG mRNA was detected in 9/13 patients with thyroid cancer and metastasis, 63/137 patients with a history of thyroid cancer and no metastasis, 21/85 with non-malignant thyroid disease and 9/50 controls. With the high sensitivity TG mRNA was detected in 11/13 patients with thyroid cancer and metastasis, 111/137 patients with a history of thyroid cancer and no metastasis, 61/85 with non-malignant thyroid disease and 41/50 controls. Interestingly, using the normal RT-PCR sensitivity TG mRNA transcripts are specific for thyroid tissue and detectable in the peripheral blood of controls and patients with thyroid disease, which correlates with a diagnosis of metastasized thyroid cancer. However, with a high RT-PCR sensitivity, TG mRNA expression was found not to be specific for thyroid tissue and was not correlated with a diagnosis of thyroid cancer in patients. As a consequence, to date TG mRNA detected by RT-PCR in the peripheral blood cannot be recommended as a tumour marker superior to TG serum-level.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1999

[Hepatitis C virus infection and thyroid diseases].

INTRODUCTION: The combination of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and thyroid diseases raises several issues that are the prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity in patients with chronic hepatitis C, the prevalence of HCV infection in patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases, and the effects of interferon alpha treatment on thyroid function in chronic HCV hepatitis. CURRENT KNOWLEDGE AND KEY POINTS: The prevalence of anti-thyroid auto-antibodies ranges from 4.6 to 15% in HCV infection, which is considered as significant by various authors. Results have to be interpreted according to the following: the type of auto-antibodies detected, the age, sex, ethnic origin of the population studied, and characteristics of the control population. Recent data are suggestive of a high prevalence of anti-thyroid auto-antibodies in females with HCV infection. An increased prevalence of HCV infection in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis is not confirmed. During treatment of chronic hepatitis C, interferon alpha induces thyroid dysfunctions (3 to 15% of the cases) with various clinical presentations. Hypothyroidism is more common (two out of three cases) than hyperthyroidism (one out of three cases). Hyperthyroidism followed by hypothyroidism has also been described. Clinical symptoms vary, ranging from subclinical to severe manifestations. Thyroid dysfunction may be delayed after discontinuation of the interferon treatment. Hypothyroidism is easily cured by L-thyroxine replacement therapy when necessary, and regression may be observed following discontinuation of interferon treatment. Each case of hyperthyroidism has to be precisely evaluated. Development of anti-thyroid antibodies or an increase in anti-thyroid antibodies titers is often observed during interferon alpha treatment, thus suggesting the existence of immunological mechanisms at the origin of thyroid dysfunction. Furthermore, interferon would directly act on iodine. FUTURE PROSPECTS AND PROJECTS: Clinical studies are still necessary to better clarify the links between HCV infection and thyroid autoimmunity, and to determine risk factors for the development of thyroid dysfunction during interferon alpha therapy. The effects of HCV and interferon alpha on thyroid autoimmunity and function have to be investigated in basic research.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Skin and hair, marker organs for thyroid diseases].

Skin and cutaneous appendages are target organs for thyroid hormones. Thus, a variety of changes of skin, hair and nails occurs in association with thyroid diseases. Most of these cutaneous changes are unspecific, but in their entirety they may nontheless be indicative of thyroid diseases. In this review the specific cutaneous lesions as thyroglossal duct cysts and cutaneous metastases of thyroid carcinoma, the unspecific cutaneous changes of hypo- respectively hyperthyroidism, the typical skin lesions of Grave's disease, and selected skin diseases and syndromes associated with thyroid abnormalities are discussed.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed2001

[Association study on candidate loci of susceptible genes of autoimmune thyroid diseases in a Japanese population].

Autoimmune thyroid diseases(AITD), which include Graves' disease(GD), Hashimoto's thyroiditis(HT), primary hypothyroidism with blocking-type anti-thyrotropin receptor antibody and idiopathic myxedema, are believed to be a multifactorial disease with a significant genetic and environmental component. Several genetic factors associated with AITD susceptibility have been tentatively identified, including the HLA genes and the cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated-4(CTLA-4) gene. More recently, as part of a genome scan, five additional chromosomal locations, i.e., chromosome 5, 8, 9, 15 and X, have recently been reported in a Japanese population. In the present study, in order to confirm evidence obtained by the genome scan, we performed an association study regarding these five candidate loci identified as regions where susceptible genes of AITD exist. Five microsatellite markers, which are located in these loci, were genotyped in a set of 487 unrelated Japanese AITD patients and 218 Japanese controls. Markers located in chromosome 5, 15 and X showed association in AITD patients with significant increase in particular alleles (p < 0.01), while markers in chromosome 8 and 9 did not consistently show significant association. These findings partly support evidence by the previous genome scan that attempted to identify loci of susceptible genes of AITD in a Japanese population; presence of an AITD susceptibility locus at 5q31-33 was suggested. Genotyping using other markers located in these loci would be helpful not only to confirm regions of AITD susceptible genes but also to narrow the regions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

A cohort study of thyroid cancer and other thyroid diseases after the Chornobyl accident: objectives, design and methods.

The thyroid gland in children is one of the organs that is most sensitive to external exposure to X and gamma rays. However, data on the risk of thyroid cancer in children after exposure to radioactive iodines are sparse. The Chornobyl accident in Ukraine in 1986 led to the exposure of large populations to radioactive iodines, particularly (131)I. This paper describes an ongoing cohort study being conducted in Belarus and Ukraine that includes 25,161 subjects under the age of 18 years in 1986 who are being screened for thyroid diseases every 2 years. Individual thyroid doses are being estimated for all study subjects based on measurement of the radioactivity of the thyroid gland made in 1986 together with a radioecological model and interview data. Approximately 100 histologically confirmed thyroid cancers were detected as a consequence of the first round of screening. The data will enable fitting appropriate dose-response models, which are important in both radiation epidemiology and public health for prediction of risks from exposure to radioactive iodines from medical sources and any future nuclear accidents. Plans are to continue to follow-up the cohort for at least three screening cycles, which will lead to more precise estimates of risk.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Histochemical and biochemical study on adenylate cyclase and 5'-nucleotidase activity in thyroid glands with normal and various thyroid diseases.

The adenylate cyclase and 5'-nucleotidase activity was measured biochemically in the thyroid glands from patients with various thyroid diseases in comparison with normal thyroid. The basal adenylate cyclase activity in normal thyroid was 159.3 p-moles cAMP/min./g tissue. The activity was elevated to 230% of basal with 20 mM NaF and 190% of basal with 100 mU/ml TSH. These values in chronic thyroiditis and Graves' disease were not significantly different from the values of normal thyroid. In adenomatous goiter, adenoma and carcinoma, the basal adenylate cyclase activity was significantly higher than that of normal thyroid. Parallel to the biochemical determination of both enzyme activities, the distribution of histochemically demonstrable adenylate cyclase and 5'-nucleotidase activity was described in the follicular cells with normal and various thyroid diseases. The reaction product of adenylate cyclase and 5'-nucleotidase activity was restricted to the plasma membrane of the follicular cells. However, the distribution and intensity of the adenylate cyclase reaction varied in each thyroid disease, except for the absence of reaction product in the basal plasma membrane. The lack of demonstrable adenylate cyclase activity in the basal plasma membrane suggests the possibility that the basal plasma membrane may not play an important role of TSH-reception.

5'-Nucleotidase↗
PubMed1991

Immunohistochemical demonstration of epidermal growth factor receptor and ceruloplasmin in thyroid diseases.

The expression of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) and ceruloplasmin (CP) in thyroid diseases was investigated by immunohistochemical methods, and the results were compared with the expression of thyroglobulin (TG). Eighty-eight surgical specimens of thyroid diseases, including follicular carcinoma (7 cases), papillary carcinoma (20 cases), follicular adenoma (29 cases), adenomatous goiter (10 cases), diffuse hyperplasia (20 cases) and chronic thyroiditis (2 cases), were studied. All cases of follicular carcinoma and 18 cases (90%) of papillary carcinoma expressed the EGFR immunoreaction in the cytoplasm with a moderate to strong staining intensity. A weak immunoreaction for EGFR was noted in some benign thyroid diseases. CP showed various degrees of positivity in all cases of follicular carcinoma and 19 cases (95%) of papillary carcinoma. The benign thyroid lesions were consistently negative for this antigen, not counting one case of Hürthle cell adenoma. There was a positive correlation between EGFR and CP immunostaining intensity in thyroid carcinomas, representing higher expression of EGFR accompanied by a stronger staining intensity of CP. Except for two cases of papillary carcinoma, all cases showed immunoreaction for TG. The results indicate the enhanced expression of EGFR and CP in thyroid carcinomas. EGFR and CP thus appear to be valuable tools for differential diagnosis between benign and malignant thyroid neoplasms.

Adenocarcinoma↗