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[Temporary tattooing with henna induces contact allergy to textile dyes].

A woman developed widespread contact dermatitis after temporary tattooing with henna, caused by paraphenylenediamine (PPD) which had been added to the henna as an enhancer. The patient recovered after treatment; a week later an acute generalized rebound occurred after she wore dark clothing (black chador). Patch tests revealed type-IV allergy to PPD, along with multiple sensitisations to other textile dyes (disperse orange 3, para-aminoazobenzole, Bismark brown R). Temporary henna tattoos are not always harmless holiday souvenirs. The addition of color enhancers such as PPD into henna may lead to multiple contact allergies to other textile dyes.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗

Tattooing, permanent makeup and piercing in Amsterdam; guidelines, legislation and monitoring.

Tattooing, body piercing and permanent makeup are increasing in popularity. Here, we describe the procedures involved in these practices, their risks, the content of guidelines developed by the Municipal Health Service in Amsterdam (the Netherlands) to reduce infection risks, the legislation in the city of Amsterdam, and results of monitoring in tattoo and piercing studios.

Body Piercing↗

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin infections among tattoo recipients--Ohio, Kentucky, and Vermont, 2004-2005.

Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infections have emerged as a major cause of skin disease in the United States. Outbreaks of CA-MRSA have occurred among athletes, inmates at correctional facilities, and military recruits. This report summarizes investigations of six unlinked clusters of skin and soft tissue infections caused by CA-MRSA among 44 recipients of tattoos from 13 unlicensed tattooists in three states (Ohio, Kentucky, and Vermont); use of nonsterile equipment and suboptimal infection-control practices were identified as potential causes of the infections. Clinicians should consider CA-MRSA in their differential diagnosis for staphylococcus diseases, including skin infections. Clinicians can contact their local health departments to determine the prevalence of CA-MRSA in their community and whether the disease is reportable. MRSA infections should be added to education and prevention campaigns highlighting the risks of unlicensed tattooing.

Adolescent↗

[Semi-permanent make up and tattooing equipment: safety and health issues].

The UK's Health and Safety Executive (HSE), at Machinery Directive Administrative Cooperation meeting, brought a problem to the attention of semi-permanent make up equipment sold in the European market, that may pose a health risk due to microbiological contamination. Considering that body adornment techniques are becoming increasingly popular, a study was carried out to evaluate the technical characteristics of such equipment and to collect information on the National and European regulatory situation. In most member states of the European Community, tattooing and semi-permanent make up activities are not regulated by specific laws. In Italy, the "Guidelines for safe tattooing and piercing practices" were laid down by the Ministry of Health in 1998 (Notes N. 2.8/156 of 5 February 1998 and n.2.8/633 of 16 July 1998). This paper discusses the need to implement the above guidelines and to harmonize European legislation on the subject.

Body Piercing↗

Psychiatric implications of tattoos.

Psychiatric disorders, such as antisocial personality disorder, drug or alcohol abuse and borderline personality disorder, are frequently associated with tattoos. Finding a tattoo on physical examination should alert the physician to the possibility of an underlying psychiatric condition.

Adult↗

[Tattooing and self-mutilation of the skin in neurotic character disorder].

Self-tattooing is a form of self-mutilation and may sometimes come close to an 'artefact'. Self-tattooing as an action of autoaggressive self-mutilation or self-destruction is not always necessarily psychotic in nature; it may also be found in patients in whom a depressive personality structure is accompanied by strong masochistic tendencies at a neurotic level. The masochistic excess expresses subconscious guilt and aggression as well as a primitive sense of autonomy. Close collaboration between dermatologist, psychiatrist and psychotherapist is necessary to provide an effective treatment for these patients.

Adult↗

Histopathological findings in blepharopigmentation (eyelid tattoo).

We treated three patients with implantation of iron oxide pigment into the margin of the lateral eyelid followed by excision of that region 1 hour later in one patient, 5 days later in the second and 18 months later in the third. Histopathological examination of the specimens obtained 1 hour and 5 days after tattooing revealed persistence of the pigment implant as free granules in the epidermis and dermis. In the specimen resected 18 months after tattooing most of the residual pigment was found within macrophages in the dermis and focally in the endomysial connective tissue of the superficial orbicularis oculi muscle. There were no substantial deleterious effects on the treated tissues.

Aged↗

Nipple-areola reconstruction using intradermal tattoo.

A technique of nipple-areola reconstruction with intradermal tattoo is presented. By using various colors, it is possible to tattoo a nipple-areola complex onto the breast that will have an illusion of projection. This technique alone is acceptable to older patients. In younger patients, or in those in whom nipple projection is desired, a simple technique of using a subcutaneously based nipple pedicle is found to be highly effective.

Breast↗

Elimination of monocular diplopia by corneal tattooing.

Corneal tattooing to eliminate monocular diplopia secondary to surgical peripheral iris defects was performed successfully in two patients who were unable to tolerate contact lenses. The technique is simple, safe, cosmetically satisfactory, and eliminates the need for patient compliance with contact lens care. Although corneal tattooing is usually considered to have only cosmetic value, these patients demonstrate that it can be therapeutic as well.

Aged↗

Tattoo removal.

The reasons for tattoo removal can be personal, social, cultural, and medical. Removal methods have been many and varied, and all of the past methods are summarized. Details of modern tattoo removal methods by physicians, ranging from dermabrasion to laser therapy, are described. Included are descriptions of excision and closure techniques, and split-thickness tangential excision.

Dermabrasion↗

Decorative and traumatic tattoo biophysics and removal.

Decorative and traumatic tattoos represent foreign-body implantation into various depths of the dermis. Many methods of removal have been attempted with varying rates of success. Surgical excision with primary closure or grafts or flaps may be successful. Mechanical or chemical removal is useful as well. Thermic treatment including use of the argon and carbon dioxide lasers can remove tattoo pigment satisfactorily.

Administration, Topical↗

Tattooing of eyelids: magnetic resonance imaging artifacts.

We describe artifacts (linear densities and distortion of the shape of the globe) on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the brain and orbits that result from the tattooing of human eyelids with iron oxide particles. Similar artifacts are frequently seen with certain types of external eye cosmetics and dental fillings or braces that contain ferromagnetic materials. The artifacts are most likely due to the distortion of the local magnetic field by the iron oxide. The artifact was reproduced when a tattooed pig's ear was scanned. Plain x-ray films did not detect the iron oxide. These small artifacts should be recognized and not confused with abnormalities due to foreign bodies of surgical material.

Animals↗

[A pseudolymphomatous reaction in tattooing].

A pathological reaction developed in the red area of a professionally executed tattoo. The reaction appeared 12 years after tattooing. Histological examination of a biopsy specimen revealed a lymphoplasia.

Adult↗

Sarcoidal granulomas in tattoos.

A case of sarcoidal granuloma in tattoos, occurring in the setting of systemic sarcoidosis, is presented. The differential diagnosis of granulomatous reactions in tattoos is reported.

Adult↗

[Therapy of dirt tattooing].

Untreated traumatic tattoo leads to bad cosmetic results. A case of traumatic tattooing is reported, the possibilities of treatment described and the importance of immediate treatment emphasized.

Blast Injuries↗

Tattoo removal. A new simple technique.

Table salt applied by salabrasion, tattooing or dermabrasion was used in the treatment of unwanted tattoos in 25 cases. With removal of the eschar at the treated site, the unwanted pigmentation was reduced by half, and there was further dimming to virtual disappearance during further healing.

Adult↗

[Permanent tattoos following injections with Dermo-Jet: anatomoclinical study. Apropos of 5 cases].

Blue or black tattoos were observed in five patients who had received several intradermal injections (of a lidocaine solution or of a triamcinolone acetonide suspension) with the Dermo-Jet. A histological examination revealed the presence of black masses, rounded or elongated, different in size, distributed throughout dermal tissue. Additionally, conglomerates of black grains in the cytoplasm of histiocytes and of pericytes are precisely observed in semi-thin sections. It has been proved by several investigations that these foreign particles are not of metallic nature. It can be concluded from electron microscopic studies that the particles are fragments of black rubber, from the upper joint of the reservoir. Indeed, some rubber fragments are leached into the reservoir. Some of these are passing through the wire-mesh filter of the nozzle (with the solution or the suspension) when injections are made. Therefore, they are injected intradermally and are permanently tattooing the skin.

Adult↗

[Removal of amateur and dirt tattooing with the Q-switched ruby laser].

The Q-switched ruby laser with a wavelength of 694 nm and a pulse duration of 25 ns causes selective damage to skin pigment. This laser has produced good to excellent results in the treatment of amateur professional and traumatical tattoos, and also of benign pigmented lesions such as lentigines, ephelides, café-au-lait spots and Becker nevi. We report on three patients with amateur and traumatic tattoos, which were removed by Q-switched ruby laser treatment without leaving scars.

Adult↗