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At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Non-surgical instrumental treatment of benign hypertrophy of the prostate].

Although surgery remains the treatment of reference for symptomatic benign hypertrophy of the prostate, the requirement for locoregional anaesthesia, the risk of complications and the major financial burden for the health care system have led to research into alternative therapies. Basically two categories have been developed, thermal and mechanical. The sensitivity of the hypertrophic prostate tissue to heat depends both on histology and blood flow. It is generally accepted that temperatures < 60 degrees C do not cause definitive tissue damage, that those > or = 60 degrees C lead to necrose of the coagulated tissue and > or = 100 degrees C cells are vaporized producing tissue debris. Currently, thermoablation (temperature > 60 degrees C) is the only thermal alternative which gives results within a range comparable with classical surgery. The more simple techniques (microwaves, focalized ultrasounds, interstitial radiofrequency waves, lateral or interstitial laser) have the disadvantage of aggravating symptomatology in certain patients, limiting indications. More sophisticated techniques (contact radiofrequency, contact laser) still need improvement to reach the level of surgery. Mechanical alternatives include resorbable and non-resorbable stents and dilatation. Stents are a particularly promising route but have the inconvenience of being difficult to implant and sometimes leading to complications (infection, incrustation, calcification). Dilatation procedures have been tried for many years using various methods of control, but results have been disappointing to date. Surgery thus remains the reference treatment for benign hypertrophy of the prostate, but ongoing research emphasizes the need for successful alternatives.

Catheter Ablation↗
PubMed1996

"Capsulocopsis": a new surgical instrument and method for capsulotomies.

Capsulotomy using a cystotome and continuous tear capsulorhexis has dramatically improved the quality of modern cataract surgery. The authors have devised a microscalpel that has a semicircular configuration and can turn 360 degrees and score or cut the anterior capsule. The blade also has the ability to salvage a radial tear that may occur during capsulorhexis by cutting the extension from the opposite direction and continuing the "peeling off" of the capsule.

Cataract Extraction↗
PubMed1997

A new computerized control unit for small bone surgical instruments.

The SmartDrive console represents an important advance in small bone surgery because it monitors and coordinates the operation of its handpieces. The SmartDrive console has the following unique features: 1) a handpiece recognition system; 2) an instrument speed display; 3) a handpiece display and monitoring system; 4) a torque instrument control system; 5) a temperature monitoring system; 6) and an irrigation system. Mechanical performance studies have been undertaken that have validated the accuracy of the monitoring systems of the consoles. The consoles provided reliable recordings of the rotational speeds of their hi-speed drills. The MicroAire console automatically shuts off its power as the temperature increased to 110 degrees F (43 degrees C). In contrast, the Stryker Command 2 console has a limited monitoring system that can not alter the operation of the handpieces.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1997

Carbon dioxide laser as a surgical instrument for sarcoid therapy--a retrospective study on 60 cases.

The objective of this retrospective clinical study was to evaluate the carbon dioxide laser in the treatment of single and multiple sarcoids in 60 animals (44 horses, 13 donkeys, 2 mules, and 1 pony). Only animals that had been operated on 6 mo or more ago were included. Recurrence, new manifestation rate, and cosmetic outcome were determined. Recurrence was observed in 23 (38%) individuals. Animals with new sarcoid manifestation with or without recurrence of a sarcoid were observed in 35 cases (58%). Cases of scar tissue formation and, rarely, leukotrichia were observed. Animals presented with multiple sarcoids were more predisposed to recurrence. Donkeys showed a significantly lower recurrence rate than horses.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Ergonomic considerations in the design of neurosurgery instruments.

Surgical instruments should be designed to optimize control and interact with tissues or other objects while avoiding surgeon fatigue, muscle spasms, tissue ischemia, and injuries. Several well-established ergonomic criteria can be used in the design of instruments. Analysis of some commonly used bone biting instruments reveal how they violate these criteria. The thoughtful redesign of instruments using these principles is recommended.

Equipment Design↗
PubMed1990

[Ultrasound instruments for surgical purposes--technical aspects and selected areas for use].

Surgical instruments simulated to oscillate by means of low-frequency performance ultrasound are particularly useful for specific fields of application. A survey describes the technical principle of action and the development work carried out at the Technical University of Karl-Marx-Stadt in the GDR to produce ultrasound instruments for tumour extraction and aspiration, for the insertion of stomatological leaf implants, for percutaneous lithotrips of kidney stones and for the surface treatment of septic wounds.

Blade Implantation↗
PubMed2004

Alcoholic fixation of blood to surgical instruments-a possible factor in the surgical transmission of CJD?

While developing a new protein removal test for the quality control of surgical instrument cleaning, it was noted that alcohol firmly binds blood to stainless steel. Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease is one of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) that has been transmitted between humans and chimpanzees by electroencephalogram electrodes, previously 'sterilized' using ethanol and formaldehyde. Although ethanol has a bactericidal action, it also binds protein to metal. Prion proteins found in TSE are thought to be the causal agents of spongiform disease and it is likely that these proteins are also bound to the stainless steel of surgical instruments by alcohols. Where spongiform disease is a possibility, alcohol, and probably formaldehyde, should not be used to decontaminate neurosurgical instruments.

2-Propanol↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The canine cemented modular total hip prosthesis.

Total hip replacement (THR) is well established as a treatment modality for dogs with noninfectious, nonneoplastic, disabling conditions of the coxofemoral joint. Since the mid 1970s, a fixed-head prosthesis has been used in this procedure. A modular prosthesis, which is based on many of the technical advances found in human prostheses, now is available for use in veterinary medicine. The prosthesis, surgical instrumentation, surgical technique, and clinical results have been evaluated in a prospective study conducted at The Ohio State University's College of Veterinary Medicine. The modular prosthesis provides results equal to or better than the fixed-head prosthesis.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

An epidemic of corneal destruction caused by plasma gas sterilization. The Toxic Cell Destruction Syndrome Investigative Team.

BACKGROUND: Toxic endothelial cell destruction (TECD) syndrome after intraocular ophthalmic surgery is rare and can result from exposure to a variety of toxins. During January 8 to 14, 1998, 6 patients developed TECD with corneal edema associated with unreactive or dilated pupils at Hospital A. METHODS: A case patient was any Hospital A patient with TECD within 24 hours after surgery during January 5 to 14, 1998 (epidemic period). A control was any hospital A ophthalmic surgery patient without TECD during the epidemic period. The medical records of hospital A ophthalmology surgery patients during the pre-epidemic (ie, September 1, 1997-January 4, 1998) and epidemic periods were reviewed. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry was used to detect trace inorganic elements on sterilized surgical instruments. Cannulated surgical instruments and laboratory rinsates were perfused directly to the corneal endothelium of isolated rabbit and human corneas. Corneal endothelial ultrastructure and swelling were assessed. RESULTS: The rate of TECD at hospital A was higher during the epidemic than pre-epidemic period (6/12 vs 0/118, P<.001). The only change during the periods was the introduction, on November 5, 1997, of a new sterilization method, AbTox Plazlyte, for sterilization of ophthalmic surgery instruments. Findings from spectrometry revealed that copper and zinc residues were higher in instruments sterilized with Plazlyte than in those sterilized with ethylene oxide (median copper value, 7.64 mg/L vs 0.14 mg/L, respectively, P =.02; median zinc value, 5.90 mg/L vs 1.35 mg/L, respectively, P =.2). Corneal endothelial perfusion of Plazlyte sterilized-instrument rinsates or laboratory solution with copper and zinc produced irreversible damage, similar to toxic corneal endothelial destruction, to rabbit and human corneas. CONCLUSION: A new sterilization method degraded brass to copper and zinc on cannulated surgical instruments resulting in TECD of the cornea. Arch Ophthalmol. 2000;118:1167-1176

Adult↗
PubMed1988

A simple instrument for surgical tattooing and skin marking.

We describe here a reliable and inexpensive surgical marking instrument utilizing materials that are readily available. It can be used preoperatively or intraoperatively for tattooing points of reference in spite of vigorous preps.

Dermatologic Surgical Procedures↗