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At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Characteristics of Klebsiella strains isolated from patients with acute intestinal diseases].

A total of 203 Klebsiella strains isolated from patients with acute intestinal diseases were studied. The biochemical variants were determined by taking into account the complex of such signs as the capacity for producing indole, hydrolyzing urea, utilizing sodium malonate, fermenting inositol, dulcitol, sorbose, adonitol, synthesizing acetylmethylcarbinol, reacting with methyl red. The strains under study were found to belong to 36 K-types. Klebsiella strains with K-antigens 20, 2, 62, 60, 21, 40 showed the highest isolation rate.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

The effect of sweeteners on acid production in plaque.

In studies of the pH response of dental plaque in situ to rinses with conventional sugars, glucose and maltose give similar falls in pH, and fructose only slightly smaller effects compared with sucrose. Lactose and galactose are less acidogenic, while the pH response to glucose syrups varies according to their composition. Of the sugar alcohols, sorbitol, mannitol, maltitol and lactitol are all slowly fermented to acid by oral bacterial, and xylitol is virtually non-fermentable. Acid formation in plaque by fermentable sugar alcohols can be too slow to overcome the buffering power of plaque and saliva and plaque pH can rise following exposure to these compounds. Lycasin, a synthetic sweetener containing sorbitol, maltitol and some higher sugar alcohols gives effects similar to its major constituents. Palatinit, L-sorbose and trichlorogalactosucrose are of low acidogenicity, but coupling sugar is more fermentable and can give rise to a substantial pH response, albeit less than sucrose. Non-nutritive intense sweeteners may affect plaque pH by their sialogogue effects.

Acids↗
PubMed1985

Epidemiological study of Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infections in Shimane Prefecture, Japan.

In Shimane Prefecture, Japan, 175 Yersinia enterocolitica isolates from 6,479 stools and 347 appendixes of patients were separated into biotype 3B (VP-, sorbose-, inositol-) serotype O3 phage type II (22 isolates); biotype 4 (84 isolates), biotype 4 (ornithine-) (16 isolates) and biotype 4 (maltose-) (9 isolates) of serotype O3 phage type VIII, biotype 2 serotype O9 (1 isolate) and biotype 1 (43 isolates). This may be the first documentation of isolation of Y. enterocolitica biotype 3B serotype O3 phage type II from patients. Twenty-three Yersinia pseudotuberculosis isolates from stools of 23 patients were grouped into serotypes IB (13 isolates), III (2 isolates) and IVB (8 isolates). Clinical manifestations were more numerous in Y. pseudotuberculosis infections than Y. enterocolitica O3 infections. Y. enterocolitica O3 was more frequently isolated between summer and autumn but Y. pseudotuberculosis and Y. enterocolitica biotype 1 were isolated between winter and spring. Secondary infection with Yersinia among close family members was frequent. Y. enterocolitica O3 and Y. pseudotuberculosis infected persons excreted 10(4) to 10(9) viable cells per g stool during 27 and 19 days, but Y. enterocolitica biotype 1 strains were detected only when using enrichment techniques. Serological responses were not observed in under 2 year old persons infected with Y. enterocolitica O3.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Taxonomic position of Klebsiella atlantae and Klebsiella edwardsii.

The taxonomic position of two species of the genus Klebsiella (K. atlantae and K. edwardsii) is being introduced. 211 strains of different origin were studied: 80 strains of K. pneumoniae, 46 strains of K. oxytoca, 50 strains of K. atlantae and 35 strains of K. edwardsii. Sixty biochemical characteristics were determined 40 of these pertaining to carbohydrate metabolism. It was discussed whether both are to be considered species or biotypes of another Klebsiella species, however, by determining citrate as carbon source, by MR test and by tests on malonate, gluconate, methyl-xyloside, 1 (--) sorbose, inulin, amylose, methyl-d-mannoside, glycogen, melezitose, VP test, amygdalin, d-tartrate and gas from glucose, we arrived at the conclusion that both could be considered species of the genus. These conclusions were confirmed by the determination of biotypes of both (according to C. Richard). Later, we expect to study their participation in human infective processes and their sensitivity by antibiotic therapy.

Carbohydrate Metabolism↗
PubMed1979

Kinetics of intestinal sugar transport, in vivo.

Sugar absorption by the small intestine has been studied in rat and hamster in vivo, with luminal perfusion, during 1 minute successive periods. Transport is calculated as the difference between absorption and diffusion. The diffusion component is evaluated in the presence of phlorizin or as absorption of sorbose. The resulting KT values for glucose and galactose (rat: 7.7 and 10 mM; hamster: 10 and 14 mM) and 3-0-methyl-glucose (hamster: 25-33 mM) are quite lower than those previously obtained in vivo, but still higher than those in vitro. The physiological levels of glucose in the intestine of normally fed animals imply that the diffusion component plays an important role in the proximal regions of the small intestine, especially in rat.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Studies on intestinal absorption by single-injection technique and continuous measurement of portal vein blood electrolyte concentration and hematocrit in the alert rat.

Whole blood and ultrafiltrate conductivity in the portal vein (as a measure of hematocrit and total electrolyte concentration, Cel, respectively) and arterial pressure of alert rats were measured continuously. Single intraduodenal injections of solutions iso- and hyperosmotic to blood (0.5 or 1 per cent of body weight) produced characteristic changes which were compared with those after the application of water. Whereas H2O and isosmotic passively absorbed substances (sorbose and urea) caused a very variable Cel drop, isosmotic actively absorbed nutrients elicited individually constant but interindividually different (glucose greater than alanine++ greater than arginine) changes due to solute coupled electrolyte free water transport. This was taken as evidence of variable paracellular shunt permeability playing a role in passive, but not in active absorption. The magnitude of Cel changes was related to absorption rate, which was confirmed by behaviour with hypertonic solutions, where osmotic activity in the gut was lost the sooner, the more rapid absorption rate was. Shunt permeability was temporarily blocked by arginine. Hct changes immediately after injections indicated fluid loss from portal vein blood, which could be evaluated in the case of mannitol. The thickness of the absorptive layer, obtained from latency of Cel change after urea, delivered values not exceeding 0,51 mm for the unstirred layer. The latencies after glucose and alanine were usually not much greater than after urea. Cel rise after hypertonic solutions had the same latency as Cel drop after water. Small arterial pressure changes after nutrient solutions, mostly absent after injections of water and NaCl, indicated circulatory effects originating in the gut in association with the former.

Alanine↗
PubMed1980

A simple system for the presumptive identification of Candida albicans and differentiation of strains within the species.

A system of 10 agar plate tests allowed presumptive identification of Candida albicans and differentiation of up to 512 strain types within the species. The yeast isolates were tested for acid and salt tolerance, proteinase production, resistance to 5-fluorocytosine and safranine, and assimilation of urea, sorbose, citrate and glycine. Media were inoculated semiquantitatively with a multiple-pronged device so that 55 yeasts and 5 reference strains could be printed on each plate at once. The results for the 9 strain differentiation tests were arranged in 3 groups to allow simple designation of types by 3-digit numbers. Mouth and vaginal samples from 85 patients and healthy volunteers yielded to 45 different strain types, of which types 153, 157 and 357 were the most prevalent. The reproducibility of the system was good, if attention was paid to the precision which the media were prepared and inoculated. The effect of test variables, including incubation temperature, medium pH and inoculum size, was assessed. Work is presently in progress to extend the system for presumptive identification of other clinically important Candida spp. and differentiation of their strain types.

Candida↗
PubMed1982

Some characteristics of nystatin-resistant sterol mutants of Candida albicans.

Various stable, auxotrophic and nystatin-resistant sterol mutants of Candida albicans were isolated after nitrosoguanidine treatment. Sterol mutants were divided into groups on the basis of the ultraviolet spectra and thin-layer chromatographic patterns of their nonsaponifiable sterol extracts. They were further characterized by their conductometrically measured nystatin-induced ion release. These sterol mutants displayed a decreased growth yield and an increased cell volume. On media containing 0.01% of the carbon sources, most of them could assimilate glycerol, alpha-methyl-D-glucoside, DL-lactic acid, L-sorbose, L-arabinose and ribitol only to a significantly reduced extent, or not at all. It is presumed that these properties result from the altered sterol composition of the plasma membrane.

Candida albicans↗
PubMed1981

Nutritional physiology of pathogenic species of thermophilic mucor.

Some aspects of the nutritional physiology of zoopathogenic Mucor pusillus Lindt and Mucor miehei Cooney & Emerson were studied at 37 degrees C. Only asexual spores (sporangiospores) were produced on all the media used. A pH range of 5.0-6.0 was found to be best for the growth and sporulation of both species. The fungi were able to utilize various sources of carbon and nitrogen tested except L-sorbose and DL-tryptophan on which no growth was recorded. Of the carbon sources, the best results were obtained with dextrin and starch while of the nitrogen sources, casein hydrolysate was most readily utilized. Both species gave measurable growth with sporulation on soluble carboxymethyl cellulose. A glucose and DL-glutamine concentration range 15.0-20.0 gl-1 and 5.0-7.5 gl-1 respectively was optimal for growth and sporulation of these fungi. A C/N ratio of 15.0: 5.0 gl-1 was optimal for sporulation and 20.07: 7.5 gl-1 for mycelial growth of both species.

Carbon↗
PubMed1980

Lactose and D-galactose metabolism in Staphylococcus aureus. IV. Isolation and properties of a class I D-ketohexose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase that catalyzes the cleavage of D-tagatose 1,6-diphosphate.

The inducible D-ketohexose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase that functions in the metabolism of lactose and D-galactose in Staphylococcus aurues was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from an extract of D-galactose-grown cells. At saturating substrate concentrations, D-tagatose 1,6-diphosphate was cleaved to dihydroxyacetone phosphate plus D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate at twice the rate of D-fructose 1,6-diphosphate; Km values for D-tagatose 1,6-diphosphate and D-fructose 12,6-diphosphate were 1.5 mM and 2.5 mM, respectively. The enzyme catalyzed the aldol condensation of dihydroxyacetone phosphate and D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to yield a mixture of the 1,6-diphosphate derivatives of D-tagatose, D-fructose, D-sorbose, and D-psicose, indicating that it also catalyzes the cleavage of all four D-2-ketohexose 1,6-diphosphates. The enzyme was not inhibited by EDTA and it had no divalent metal ion requirement, but it did exhibit substrate-dependent inactivation by NaBH4, indicating that it is a Class I (Schiff's base) aldolase. Density gradient centrifugation and gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate indicated that the enzyme exists as a monomer with amolecular weight of about 37,000 and a sedimentation coefficient of 3.4 S. Data on the stability, pH optimum, and inducibility of the enzyme are also presented.

Aldehyde-Lyases↗
PubMed1995

[One hundred years of biotechnology in the chemical industry in the example of E. Merck, Darmstadt].

The purposeful use of microorganisms as producers of pure substances began about one hundred years ago with the production of lactic acid, followed by citric acid and by sorbose for the synthesis of vitamin C. The growth of pure cultures of microorganisms in a technical scale became available nearly fifty years ago by the development of the fermenter. By this it became possible to produce penicillin and other antibiotics, to transform substances in steroid syntheses and to get many enzymes, alkaloids, and other substances from microorganisms. The development of some of the older processes as basis of actual use of biotechnology at E. Merck is described, followed by some facts of the early situation in Germany and some remarks on the inclusions of biotechnology within the chemical industry.

Biotechnology↗
PubMed1994

Glycation of myofibrillar proteins and ATPase activity after incubation with eleven sugars.

Rat skeletal muscle myofibrils were incubated in the presence of D-glucose, D-fructose, D-galactose, D-ribose, D-tagatose, D-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, L-sorbose, L-rhamnose or DL-glyceraldehyde and myofibrillar ATPase activity as well as the extent of glycation was measured. The attachment of sugars to proteins during glycation was generally dependent on the percentage of a given sugar present in the open-chain form. Glycation resulted in the decrease of myofibrillar ATPase activity. This decrease was low after incubation of myofibrillar proteins with slowly glycating sugars (e.g. glucose) and high with fast glycating sugars (e.g. ribose or glyceraldehyde). ATPase activity was less reduced in the presence of beta-mercaptoethanol.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Biotyping of Escherichia coli in microwell plates.

A simple, inexpensive scheme of eight tests for biotyping strains of Escherichia coli in microwell plates is described. The tests comprise primary tests for the fermentation of raffinose, sorbose, ornithine, dulcitol and 2-deoxy-D-ribose, and secondary tests for rhamnose fermentation, lysine decarboxylation and motility. Among a collection of 75 clinical isolates of Esch. coli from 12 patients, 18 full biotypes designated according to their positive and negative reactions in the eight tests were distinguished. These biotypes gave an indication of the natural history of patients' infections. Because it provides excellent and reliable type discrimination, biotyping can be used in a combination with other typing techniques to resolve local epidemiological problems involving Esch. coli.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Production of isolated colonies in Blakeslea trispora].

The effect of several compounds on the growth of Blakeslea trispora producing beta-carotene was studied on solid nutrient media. The paramorphous action was manifested by beta-ionone in the presence of sunflower oil. L-sorbose and beetroot pectin. Continuous growth of the fungus was changed into colonial growth by using a bilayered wort-agar medium. Mutants of Blakeslea trispora having compact type of growth have been isolated.

Carotenoids↗
PubMed1998

Effect of different carbon sources on the production of amylase by Bacillus sp. MD 124.

An extracellular, thermostable salt tolerant amylase has been obtained from Bacillus sp. MD 124 which was previously isolated from municipal garbage. Among the carbon sources used for amylase production, rhamnose, starch, glucose, lactose, galactose, maltose and sucrose favoured enzyme production whereas sorbose suppressed the enzyme production. Maximum amount of enzyme (15 unit/ml culture broth) was produced after 24 h of incubation at 45 degrees C in the medium containing 0.5% starch, at pH 6.5. The effect of temperature, pH as well as effect of metal ions on enzyme activity was also studied.

Amylases↗